碳纤维布加固古建筑木结构模型振动台试验研究
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摘要
主要对按照宋代《营造法式》构造要求制作的古建筑木结构实体加固模型进行模拟振动台试验。选用三条地震波分别对结构模型的柱根、柱头、铺作、乳栿的位移、加速度响应、地震剪力以及榫卯节点的内力进行定量研究,并对结构的破坏形态、动力特性、扭转效应进行定性分析。研究结果表明:柱础的摩擦滑移、半刚性榫卯节点的转动以及枓栱铺作层的滑移使得结构模型地震响应大幅度减小,满足"小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒"的设计要求;结构模型最大剪力沿高度的分布出现在柱架层或柱础层,并非一定出现在结构的柱础最低层;得出榫卯节点不同工况下的转动弯矩最大值;由于高振型的参与以及质量和刚度不均匀分布,结构模型在400Gal后出现明显的扭转。
A shaking table test of a model of an ancient timber structure,constructed according to the Fabrication Methods of Song dynasty and strengthened with CFRP,was conducted.Quantitative analyses were performed for the displacement and acceleration response of the root,the head of column,Shop Aung,Ru Fu,the earthquake shear of structure and the internal force tenon-mortise node,failure pattern,dynamic property,and torsional effect.The study showed that the friction-sliding of pedestal,rotation of semi-rigid tenon-mortise node and sliding of Shop Aung greatly decreased the dynamic response of the structure,and met the design requirements of no damage under frequent earthquakes,repairable under moderate earthquakes and no collapse under rare earthquakes.Maximal shear force of the structure distributed along the height appeared in the column frame layer or the pedestal,and the maximal bending moment of tenon-mortise node under different conditions was also obtained.Due to the participation of high vibration model and non-uniform distribution of mass and stiffness,there was obvious twist beyond 400Gal.
A shaking table test of a model of an ancient timber structure,constructed according to the Fabrication Methods of Song dynasty and strengthened with CFRP,was conducted.Quantitative analyses were performed for the displacement and acceleration response of the root,the head of column,Shop Aung,Ru Fu,the earthquake shear of structure and the internal force tenon-mortise node,failure pattern,dynamic property,and torsional effect.The study showed that the friction-sliding of pedestal,rotation of semi-rigid tenon-mortise node and sliding of Shop Aung greatly decreased the dynamic response of the structure,and met the design requirements of no damage under frequent earthquakes,repairable under moderate earthquakes and no collapse under rare earthquakes.Maximal shear force of the structure distributed along the height appeared in the column frame layer or the pedestal,and the maximal bending moment of tenon-mortise node under different conditions was also obtained.Due to the participation of high vibration model and non-uniform distribution of mass and stiffness,there was obvious twist beyond 400Gal.
引文
[1]谢启芳.中国木结构古建筑加固的试验研究及理论分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007(Xie Qifang.Experimental study and theoretical analysis onstrengthening for Chinese ancient timber buildings[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2007(in Chinese))
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[8]隋,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.古代殿堂式木结构建筑模型振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(2):35-40(Sui Yan,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang,et al.A studyon Chinese ancient timber structures by shaking table test[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(2):35-40(in Chinese))
[9]丰定国,王社良.抗震结构设计[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2003:231
[10]乔普拉A K.结构动力学理论及其在地震工程中的应用[M].谢礼立,吕大刚,等译.北京:高等教育出版社,2007(Chopra A K.Dynamics of structures:theory andapplications to earthquake engineering[M].Xie Lili,LuDagang,et al,translation.Beijing:Higher EducationPress,2007(in Chinese))
[11]隋,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.中国古建筑木结构铺作层与柱架抗震试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(1):50-57(Sui Yan,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang,et al.Experimental study of the seismicity of dougong and woodenframe in Chinese historic buildings[J].China CivilEngineering Journal,2011,44(1):50-57(in Chinese))
[12]邱法维,钱稼茹,陈志鹏.结构抗震实验方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[13]刘德馨,刘广均.隔震房屋结构沿高度的地震剪力分布及其简化计算[J].四川建筑科学研究,1992(4):38-50
[14]尹思慈.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996
[15]李国强,胡大柱,孙飞飞.半刚性连接组合梁框架足尺模型模拟地震振动台试验[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(5):39-47(Li Guoqiang,Hu Dazhu,Sun Feifei.Shaking table test on a composite-beam frame with semi-rigid connections[J].Journal of Building Structures,2009,30(5):39-47(in Chinese))
[16]李忠献,林伟,丁阳.行波效应对大跨度空间网格结构地震响应的影响[J].天津大学学报,2007,40(1):1-8(Li Zhongxian,Lin Wei,Ding Yang.Influence of wavepassage effect on seismic responses of long-span spatiallattice structures[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2007,40(1):1-8(in Chinese))
[17]江宜城,唐家祥,李媛萍.多层框架隔震结构的地震扭转反应分析[J].工程抗震,2000(2):12-14(JiangYicheng,Tang Jiaxiang,Li Yuanping.Analysis oftorsional seismic response for multistory frame buildingswith base isolation[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,2000(2):12-14(in Chinese))
[18]王秀丽,金恩平.多遇地震下空间结构的扭转效应分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2011,33(增1):65-69(Wang Xiuli,Jin Enping.Analysis on torsional effect ofthe spatial structure in frequent earthquakes[J].Journal ofCivil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2011,33(S1):65-69(in Chinese))
[2]李诫.营造法式[M].上海:商务印书馆,1954
[3]迟世春,林少书.结构动力模型试验相似理论及其验证[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(4):11-20(Chi Shichun,Lin Shaoshu.Validation of similitude laws for dynamicstructural model test[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2004,20(4):11-20(in Chinese))
[4]隋.中国古代木构耗能减震机理与动力特性分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2009(Sui Yan.Analysis on energy dissipation mechanism and dynamiccharacteristic for Chinese ancient timber buildings[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2009(in Chinese))
[5]姚侃,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.古建筑木构架的整体稳定性分析[J].世界地震工程,2008,24(1):73-76(Yao Kan,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang,et al.Monolithic stabilityanalysis of timber frame in historical buildings[J].WorldEarthquake Engineering,2008,24(1):73-76(inChinese))
[6]GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010(GB50011—2010Code for seismicdesign of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2001(in Chinese))
[7]姚谦峰,陈平.土木工程结构试验[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[8]隋,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.古代殿堂式木结构建筑模型振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(2):35-40(Sui Yan,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang,et al.A studyon Chinese ancient timber structures by shaking table test[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(2):35-40(in Chinese))
[9]丰定国,王社良.抗震结构设计[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2003:231
[10]乔普拉A K.结构动力学理论及其在地震工程中的应用[M].谢礼立,吕大刚,等译.北京:高等教育出版社,2007(Chopra A K.Dynamics of structures:theory andapplications to earthquake engineering[M].Xie Lili,LuDagang,et al,translation.Beijing:Higher EducationPress,2007(in Chinese))
[11]隋,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.中国古建筑木结构铺作层与柱架抗震试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(1):50-57(Sui Yan,Zhao Hongtie,Xue Jianyang,et al.Experimental study of the seismicity of dougong and woodenframe in Chinese historic buildings[J].China CivilEngineering Journal,2011,44(1):50-57(in Chinese))
[12]邱法维,钱稼茹,陈志鹏.结构抗震实验方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[13]刘德馨,刘广均.隔震房屋结构沿高度的地震剪力分布及其简化计算[J].四川建筑科学研究,1992(4):38-50
[14]尹思慈.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996
[15]李国强,胡大柱,孙飞飞.半刚性连接组合梁框架足尺模型模拟地震振动台试验[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(5):39-47(Li Guoqiang,Hu Dazhu,Sun Feifei.Shaking table test on a composite-beam frame with semi-rigid connections[J].Journal of Building Structures,2009,30(5):39-47(in Chinese))
[16]李忠献,林伟,丁阳.行波效应对大跨度空间网格结构地震响应的影响[J].天津大学学报,2007,40(1):1-8(Li Zhongxian,Lin Wei,Ding Yang.Influence of wavepassage effect on seismic responses of long-span spatiallattice structures[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2007,40(1):1-8(in Chinese))
[17]江宜城,唐家祥,李媛萍.多层框架隔震结构的地震扭转反应分析[J].工程抗震,2000(2):12-14(JiangYicheng,Tang Jiaxiang,Li Yuanping.Analysis oftorsional seismic response for multistory frame buildingswith base isolation[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,2000(2):12-14(in Chinese))
[18]王秀丽,金恩平.多遇地震下空间结构的扭转效应分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2011,33(增1):65-69(Wang Xiuli,Jin Enping.Analysis on torsional effect ofthe spatial structure in frequent earthquakes[J].Journal ofCivil,Architectural&Environmental Engineering,2011,33(S1):65-69(in Chinese))
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