台湾聚落防灾的观念与架构
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摘要
聚落的保存与维护,是国际上近年研究的重要趋势;除了基于建筑群有形无形的文化价值整合性的保存再利用外,结合民众参与的防灾机制,也是其中关键性议题。古建筑及其附属文物蕴含的文化资产价值,是保存文化资产的核心目标。在联合国教科文组织的主导下,"世界遗产"已成为建立全球保存与管理共识的重要行动。国际间在联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)的策动下,将保存文化遗产建构于"杰出普世价值"(Outstanding Universal Value,OUV)的重要观念之上;近十余年间,受社会快速变迁与全球化的影响,在价值认知评估方面,"真实性"(Authenticity)与"整体性"(Integrity)已成为重要的评估依据。本研究参采国际文化资产防灾整合架构,导入聚落管理从上而下建构出一套较完整的防灾体制。
The conservation of traditional settlement has been an important international trend recently. The key issues of this topic include not only preserving the integrative value of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, but also risk management mechanism for the historic district with public participation. Over the last few decades, the World Heritage movement, driven by UNESCO, had established a conservation system based on the OUV(OUV, outstanding universal value). This system also pointed out that authenticity and integrity were the primary issues. While concerning with integrity, preserving tangible objects with its intangible parts is the core value of conservation. This research takes the International disaster prevention framework for cultural heritage, import traditional settlement management from the top down to construct a complete disaster prevention system.
The conservation of traditional settlement has been an important international trend recently. The key issues of this topic include not only preserving the integrative value of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, but also risk management mechanism for the historic district with public participation. Over the last few decades, the World Heritage movement, driven by UNESCO, had established a conservation system based on the OUV(OUV, outstanding universal value). This system also pointed out that authenticity and integrity were the primary issues. While concerning with integrity, preserving tangible objects with its intangible parts is the core value of conservation. This research takes the International disaster prevention framework for cultural heritage, import traditional settlement management from the top down to construct a complete disaster prevention system.
引文
[1]大漥健之.来自市民的文化资产防灾体制之现状与课题——京都文化资产市民救援体制的概要与特征[C].九二一地震十周年纪念活动——古迹与历史建筑修复国际研讨会论文集.台北.文化资产总管理处筹备处,2009:39-42.
[2]中国科技大学.102年度金门世界遗产潜力点推动计划.金门县文化局,2013.
[3]中国科技大学.102年整合研究金门县世界遗产登录计划.金门县文化局,2013.
[4]阎亚宁,岩素芬.文化古迹防灾对策之目标需求与执行体制作业研究.国家科学委员会研究报告,2013.
[5]蔡显恭.金门传统民居再利用之研究——以琼林聚落为例.国立成功大学建筑研究所,2006.
[6]简贤文.文化古迹灾害风险评估技术与再利用因应计划之研究.国家科学委员会研究报告,2013.
[7]吴庆洲.中国古城防洪的成功范例——成都[J].南方建筑,2008(06):09-13.
[8]肖大威.我国古代建筑防火技术与建筑发展[J].南方建筑,2008(06):14-17.
[9]郑力鹏.为什么要研究传统建筑防灾[J].南方建筑,2008(06):18-22.
[10][Cultural Heritage Disaster Preparedness and Response International Symposium Proceedings Salar Jung Museum],Hyderabad,India,ICOM,November 2003,p23-27.
[11]Chin-fang Cheng,Ya-Ning Yen,Wun-Bin Yang,[Value priority concept on the digital technology for the disaster prevention and management of cultural properties-A case study of Dihua Street in Taiwan]Digital Heritage 2013,October 2013.
[12]Ya-Ning Yen,Chin-fang Cheng,[The conservation and disaster prevention of cultural properties based on an aspect of integrity-A case study of Jingmei Jiying Temple]International Conference on Preventive Conservation of Architectural Heritage,Nanjing,China,October 2011.
1 )1 Herb and Stovel,RISK PREPAREDNESS:A Management Manual for World Cultural Heritage,ICCROM,19982 UNESCO,Case Studies on Climate Change and World Heritage,20073 UNESCO,Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage,20104 UNESCO and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,Faculty of Engineering,Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation,Risk management at Heritage Sites-A Case Study of the Petra World Heritage Site,20125 ICCROM,DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN URBAN AREAS-A Training Guide,2014.
2 )ICOMOS,Guidance on Heritage Impact Assessments for Cultural World Heritage Properties,2011.
3 )目前甲种抢救图由辖区内的消防分队制作,可清楚的知道古迹周围的抢救设备资源。然而,乙种抢救图里并未提到古迹、历史建筑等重要文化资产的消防抢救部份,目前仍以一般抢救建筑物的方式,进行古迹、历史建筑消防抢救,易造成古迹、历史建筑的二度损坏。
[2]中国科技大学.102年度金门世界遗产潜力点推动计划.金门县文化局,2013.
[3]中国科技大学.102年整合研究金门县世界遗产登录计划.金门县文化局,2013.
[4]阎亚宁,岩素芬.文化古迹防灾对策之目标需求与执行体制作业研究.国家科学委员会研究报告,2013.
[5]蔡显恭.金门传统民居再利用之研究——以琼林聚落为例.国立成功大学建筑研究所,2006.
[6]简贤文.文化古迹灾害风险评估技术与再利用因应计划之研究.国家科学委员会研究报告,2013.
[7]吴庆洲.中国古城防洪的成功范例——成都[J].南方建筑,2008(06):09-13.
[8]肖大威.我国古代建筑防火技术与建筑发展[J].南方建筑,2008(06):14-17.
[9]郑力鹏.为什么要研究传统建筑防灾[J].南方建筑,2008(06):18-22.
[10][Cultural Heritage Disaster Preparedness and Response International Symposium Proceedings Salar Jung Museum],Hyderabad,India,ICOM,November 2003,p23-27.
[11]Chin-fang Cheng,Ya-Ning Yen,Wun-Bin Yang,[Value priority concept on the digital technology for the disaster prevention and management of cultural properties-A case study of Dihua Street in Taiwan]Digital Heritage 2013,October 2013.
[12]Ya-Ning Yen,Chin-fang Cheng,[The conservation and disaster prevention of cultural properties based on an aspect of integrity-A case study of Jingmei Jiying Temple]International Conference on Preventive Conservation of Architectural Heritage,Nanjing,China,October 2011.
1 )1 Herb and Stovel,RISK PREPAREDNESS:A Management Manual for World Cultural Heritage,ICCROM,19982 UNESCO,Case Studies on Climate Change and World Heritage,20073 UNESCO,Managing Disaster Risks for World Heritage,20104 UNESCO and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,Faculty of Engineering,Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation,Risk management at Heritage Sites-A Case Study of the Petra World Heritage Site,20125 ICCROM,DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN URBAN AREAS-A Training Guide,2014.
2 )ICOMOS,Guidance on Heritage Impact Assessments for Cultural World Heritage Properties,2011.
3 )目前甲种抢救图由辖区内的消防分队制作,可清楚的知道古迹周围的抢救设备资源。然而,乙种抢救图里并未提到古迹、历史建筑等重要文化资产的消防抢救部份,目前仍以一般抢救建筑物的方式,进行古迹、历史建筑消防抢救,易造成古迹、历史建筑的二度损坏。
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