尾矿库溃坝研究综述
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摘要
尾矿库溃坝研究主要包括尾矿坝坝体失稳和泥石流的演进两部分。首先对尾矿库坝体失稳原因、机理和计算模型进行了综述,目前尾矿坝失稳计算模型研究主要集中在尾矿坝静力抗滑稳定和地震作用下尾矿砂的液化判别,而对渗透变形和洪水漫顶导致的尾矿坝渐近失稳模型研究较少,同时对地震作用下尾矿砂液化后流滑变形稳定分析的研究也较少;其次,对尾矿坝失稳后泥石流的物理性质、流变模型、演进计算模型进行了综述,目前尾矿库溃坝泥石流演进计算模型中存在大量的假设,包括对溃坝范围、溃坝过程、溃口大小的假设等,这对泥石流演进分析带来一定的偏差。总之,尾矿库溃坝计算模型还不完善,需要借助土力学、水力学和泥沙动力学等学科的交叉进一步研究。
The instability characteristics of tailing dam and the routing characteristics of debris flow induced by dam instability are important research directions of the dam-break of tailing pond , which is summarized in this paper. First the instability causes , mechanism and instability model of tailing dam are reviewed , and it is shown that the available results mainly focus on the dam instability model caused by the static stability against sliding and the seismic liquefaction of the tailing pond , but less on the asymptotic failure model caused by the seepage deformation and the dam overtopping. Meanwhile , the instability characteristics of the tailing dam due to the flow-slip deformations induced by seismic liquefaction need further study. Second , a survey of the debris flow characteristics after dam instability is also attempted , including the physical properties , rheological model and flow routing model , and it is found that there are some hypothesis in the existing debris flow routing model for the tailing pond , such as the dam failure processes , the size and shape of dam breach , the region of the tailing-break , which can cause some error to the analysis result of the debris flow routing. In summary , the analysis model for the dam-break of tailing pond is not perfect , which needs further study by the subject cross of the soil mechanics , hydraulics and the sediment dynamics.
The instability characteristics of tailing dam and the routing characteristics of debris flow induced by dam instability are important research directions of the dam-break of tailing pond , which is summarized in this paper. First the instability causes , mechanism and instability model of tailing dam are reviewed , and it is shown that the available results mainly focus on the dam instability model caused by the static stability against sliding and the seismic liquefaction of the tailing pond , but less on the asymptotic failure model caused by the seepage deformation and the dam overtopping. Meanwhile , the instability characteristics of the tailing dam due to the flow-slip deformations induced by seismic liquefaction need further study. Second , a survey of the debris flow characteristics after dam instability is also attempted , including the physical properties , rheological model and flow routing model , and it is found that there are some hypothesis in the existing debris flow routing model for the tailing pond , such as the dam failure processes , the size and shape of dam breach , the region of the tailing-break , which can cause some error to the analysis result of the debris flow routing. In summary , the analysis model for the dam-break of tailing pond is not perfect , which needs further study by the subject cross of the soil mechanics , hydraulics and the sediment dynamics.
引文
[1]敬小非,尹光志,魏作安,等.基于不同溃口形态的尾矿坝溃决泥浆流动特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(3):745-752.
[2]Rico M,Benito G,Salgueiro A R.Reported tailings dam failures:a review of the European incidents in the world wide context[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,152(2):846-852.
[3]门永生,柴建设.我国尾矿库安全现状及事故防治措施[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,5(1):48-52.
[4]Vanden Berghe J F,Ballard J C,Pirson M,et al.Risks of Tailings Dams Failure[C]//ISGSR.2011:209-216.
[5]Lemphers N.Could the Hungarian tailings dam tragedy happen in Alberta[Z].www.pembina.org-Oct.12,2010.
[6]李全明,张兴凯,王云海,等.尾矿库溃坝风险指标体系及风险评价模型研究[J].水利学报,2009,40(8):989-994.
[7]郑欣,许开立,魏勇.尾矿坝溃坝致灾机理研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2008,4(5):8-12.
[8]尹光志,敬小非,魏作安,等.粗、细尾砂筑坝渗流特性模型试验及现场实测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增2):3710-3718.
[9]赵坚,纪伟,刘志敏.尾矿坝地质剖面概化及其对渗流场计算的影响[J].金属矿山,2003(2):24-28.
[10]路美丽,崔莉.复杂地形尾矿坝的三维渗流分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(7):1176-1180.
[11]齐清兰,张力霆.尾矿库渗流场的数值模拟与工程应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2011.
[12]齐清兰,张力霆,李广晶.复杂地形尾矿库三维渗流场的数值模拟[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(1):157-161.
[13]秦华礼,马池香.水对尾矿坝稳定性的作用机理研究[J].金属矿山,2008(10):116-119.
[14]毛昶熙.管涌与滤层的研究:管涌部分[J].岩土力学,2005,26(2):209-215.
[15]范恩让,史剑鹏.几个尾矿坝垮塌事故的案例分析与教训[J].资源环境与工程,2007,21(3):290-292.
[16]Gens A,Alonso E E.Aznalcollar dam failure[J].Geotechnique,2006,56(3):165-201.
[17]李强,张力霆,齐清兰,等.流固耦合-强度折减法在尾矿坝稳定分析中的应用[J].岩土力学,2012,33(S2):243-250.
[18]Fourie A B,Blight G E,Papageorgiou G.Static liquefaction as a possible explanation for the merriespruit tailings dam failure[J].Can.Geotech.J.,2001,38:707-719.
[19]陈中学.粘土颗粒含量对蒋家沟泥石流启动影响及成灾机理研究[D].武汉:中国科学院岩土力学研究所,2010.
[20]蔡嗣经,张栋,何理.地震中尾矿库液化失稳机理及数值模拟研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2011,2(2):1-5.
[21]潘建平,孔宪京,邹德高.尾矿坝地震液化的简化分析[J].水利学报,2006,37(10):1224-1229.
[22]Seed H B.Evaluation of Soil Liquefaction Effects on Level Ground During Earthquake[C]//Liquefaction Problems in Geotechnical Engineering.ASCE National Convention,1976.
[23]张克绪.饱和砂土的液化应力条件[J].地震工程及工程振动,1984,4(1):99-109.
[24]沈珠江.砂土动力液化变形的有效应力分析方法[J].水利水运科学研究,1982(4):22-32.
[25]鲁晓兵,谈庆明,王淑云,等.饱和砂土液化研究新进展[J].力学进展,2004,34(1):87-96.
[26]匡尚富.天然坝溃决机理及其泥石流、洪水流量预测[R].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,1995.
[27]熊刚.粘性泥石流的运动机理[D].北京:清华大学,1996.
[28]王纯祥,白世伟,江崎哲郎,等.泥石流的二维数学模型[J].岩土力学,2007,28(6):1237-1241.
[29]Thomas D G.Transport characteristics of suspensions.Par tⅧ.A note on the viscosity of newtonian suspensions of uniform spherical particles[J].Journal of Colloid Science,1965,20(3):267-277.
[30]沈寿长.泥石流防治理论与实践[C]//铁道部科学研究院西南研究所论文集.成都:西南交通大学出版社,1991.
[31]Rickenmann D,Koch T.Comparison of debris flow modeling approaches[C]//In Debris-flow Hazards Mitigation:Mechanics,Prediction and Assessment.New York American Society of Civil Engineering,1997.
[32]Jan C D.A study on the numerical modeling of debris flows[C]//In Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation:Mechanics,Prediction and Assessment.New York American Society of Civil Engineering,1997.
[33]陶东良.某钼矿尾矿库洪水溃坝模型试验研究[J].工程设计与研究,2011,130:18-24.
[34]张兴凯,孙恩吉,李仲学.尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝演化规律试验研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(7):118-124.
[35]尹光志,敬小非,魏作安,等.尾矿坝溃坝相似模拟试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增2):3830-3938.
[36]张红武,刘磊,卜海磊,等.尾矿库溃坝模型设计及试验方法[J].人民黄河,2011,33(12):1-5.
[37]陈青生,孙建华.矿山尾矿库溃坝砂流的计算模拟[J].河海大学学报,1995,23(5):99-105.
[38]袁兵,王飞跃,金永健,等.尾矿坝溃坝模型研究及应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(4):169-172.
[39]李炜.水力计算手册[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[40]王又武,袁平,陈珂佳,等.尾矿库溃坝有关问题探讨[J].工程建设,2009,41(5):35-41.
[41]许远瑶,乔永安.溃坝水流计算的几个问题[J].人民黄河,1983(6):30-33.
[42]康志成,李悼芬,马蔼乃,等.中国泥石流研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[43]林江,张绪进,张小峰,等.考虑矿砂淤积的尾矿坝溃坝洪水数值模拟[J].中国农村水利水电,2009(5):150-153.
[44]李全明,李玲,王云海,等.尾矿库溃坝淹没范围的定量计算方法研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(11):92-96.
[45]AQ2030-2010,尾矿库安全监测技术规范[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2011.
[2]Rico M,Benito G,Salgueiro A R.Reported tailings dam failures:a review of the European incidents in the world wide context[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,152(2):846-852.
[3]门永生,柴建设.我国尾矿库安全现状及事故防治措施[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,5(1):48-52.
[4]Vanden Berghe J F,Ballard J C,Pirson M,et al.Risks of Tailings Dams Failure[C]//ISGSR.2011:209-216.
[5]Lemphers N.Could the Hungarian tailings dam tragedy happen in Alberta[Z].www.pembina.org-Oct.12,2010.
[6]李全明,张兴凯,王云海,等.尾矿库溃坝风险指标体系及风险评价模型研究[J].水利学报,2009,40(8):989-994.
[7]郑欣,许开立,魏勇.尾矿坝溃坝致灾机理研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2008,4(5):8-12.
[8]尹光志,敬小非,魏作安,等.粗、细尾砂筑坝渗流特性模型试验及现场实测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增2):3710-3718.
[9]赵坚,纪伟,刘志敏.尾矿坝地质剖面概化及其对渗流场计算的影响[J].金属矿山,2003(2):24-28.
[10]路美丽,崔莉.复杂地形尾矿坝的三维渗流分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(7):1176-1180.
[11]齐清兰,张力霆.尾矿库渗流场的数值模拟与工程应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2011.
[12]齐清兰,张力霆,李广晶.复杂地形尾矿库三维渗流场的数值模拟[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(1):157-161.
[13]秦华礼,马池香.水对尾矿坝稳定性的作用机理研究[J].金属矿山,2008(10):116-119.
[14]毛昶熙.管涌与滤层的研究:管涌部分[J].岩土力学,2005,26(2):209-215.
[15]范恩让,史剑鹏.几个尾矿坝垮塌事故的案例分析与教训[J].资源环境与工程,2007,21(3):290-292.
[16]Gens A,Alonso E E.Aznalcollar dam failure[J].Geotechnique,2006,56(3):165-201.
[17]李强,张力霆,齐清兰,等.流固耦合-强度折减法在尾矿坝稳定分析中的应用[J].岩土力学,2012,33(S2):243-250.
[18]Fourie A B,Blight G E,Papageorgiou G.Static liquefaction as a possible explanation for the merriespruit tailings dam failure[J].Can.Geotech.J.,2001,38:707-719.
[19]陈中学.粘土颗粒含量对蒋家沟泥石流启动影响及成灾机理研究[D].武汉:中国科学院岩土力学研究所,2010.
[20]蔡嗣经,张栋,何理.地震中尾矿库液化失稳机理及数值模拟研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2011,2(2):1-5.
[21]潘建平,孔宪京,邹德高.尾矿坝地震液化的简化分析[J].水利学报,2006,37(10):1224-1229.
[22]Seed H B.Evaluation of Soil Liquefaction Effects on Level Ground During Earthquake[C]//Liquefaction Problems in Geotechnical Engineering.ASCE National Convention,1976.
[23]张克绪.饱和砂土的液化应力条件[J].地震工程及工程振动,1984,4(1):99-109.
[24]沈珠江.砂土动力液化变形的有效应力分析方法[J].水利水运科学研究,1982(4):22-32.
[25]鲁晓兵,谈庆明,王淑云,等.饱和砂土液化研究新进展[J].力学进展,2004,34(1):87-96.
[26]匡尚富.天然坝溃决机理及其泥石流、洪水流量预测[R].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,1995.
[27]熊刚.粘性泥石流的运动机理[D].北京:清华大学,1996.
[28]王纯祥,白世伟,江崎哲郎,等.泥石流的二维数学模型[J].岩土力学,2007,28(6):1237-1241.
[29]Thomas D G.Transport characteristics of suspensions.Par tⅧ.A note on the viscosity of newtonian suspensions of uniform spherical particles[J].Journal of Colloid Science,1965,20(3):267-277.
[30]沈寿长.泥石流防治理论与实践[C]//铁道部科学研究院西南研究所论文集.成都:西南交通大学出版社,1991.
[31]Rickenmann D,Koch T.Comparison of debris flow modeling approaches[C]//In Debris-flow Hazards Mitigation:Mechanics,Prediction and Assessment.New York American Society of Civil Engineering,1997.
[32]Jan C D.A study on the numerical modeling of debris flows[C]//In Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation:Mechanics,Prediction and Assessment.New York American Society of Civil Engineering,1997.
[33]陶东良.某钼矿尾矿库洪水溃坝模型试验研究[J].工程设计与研究,2011,130:18-24.
[34]张兴凯,孙恩吉,李仲学.尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝演化规律试验研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(7):118-124.
[35]尹光志,敬小非,魏作安,等.尾矿坝溃坝相似模拟试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增2):3830-3938.
[36]张红武,刘磊,卜海磊,等.尾矿库溃坝模型设计及试验方法[J].人民黄河,2011,33(12):1-5.
[37]陈青生,孙建华.矿山尾矿库溃坝砂流的计算模拟[J].河海大学学报,1995,23(5):99-105.
[38]袁兵,王飞跃,金永健,等.尾矿坝溃坝模型研究及应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2008,18(4):169-172.
[39]李炜.水力计算手册[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[40]王又武,袁平,陈珂佳,等.尾矿库溃坝有关问题探讨[J].工程建设,2009,41(5):35-41.
[41]许远瑶,乔永安.溃坝水流计算的几个问题[J].人民黄河,1983(6):30-33.
[42]康志成,李悼芬,马蔼乃,等.中国泥石流研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[43]林江,张绪进,张小峰,等.考虑矿砂淤积的尾矿坝溃坝洪水数值模拟[J].中国农村水利水电,2009(5):150-153.
[44]李全明,李玲,王云海,等.尾矿库溃坝淹没范围的定量计算方法研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(11):92-96.
[45]AQ2030-2010,尾矿库安全监测技术规范[S].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2011.
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