从壳幔地震各向异性初探华北地区壳幔耦合关系
摘要
根据首都圈地震台网、国家地震台网、IRIS台站资料,并比较了流动的华北地震台阵部分台站资料的结果,利用地震各向异性分析,得到减少局部构造影响后的华北地区(至少是华北地区北部)的地壳背景水平主压应力方向为北东95.1°±15.4°,穿透壳幔的SKS分裂的快剪切波偏振平均值为北东110.2°±15.8°.而台站分析也显示,地壳内近场资料的快剪切波偏振与SKS快剪切波偏振总是相差十几度以上.不同周期下的Rayleigh面波相速度方位各向异性快波优势方向也同样揭示出随深度增加快波优势方向的变化.这个特征暗示华北地区的壳幔耦合关系可能既不是简单的壳幔解耦型,也不是壳幔强耦合型,可能是两种模式共存的不均匀分布,或者是物理性质介于两者之间的渐变模式.研究表明,在分析穿透整个岩石圈的SKS分裂和地表的GPS观测的基础上,增加揭示地壳各向异性的近场资料剪切波分裂,结合面波的方位各向异性,可以更准确地多方位刻画壳幔各向异性性质,进而探讨壳幔的耦合关系.
引文
1丁国瑜.中国岩石圈动力学概论.北京:地震出版社,1991.1—600
2徐锡伟,吴为民,张先康,等.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震.北京:科学出版社,2002.1—376
3滕吉文,曾融生,闫雅芬,等.东亚大陆及周边海域Moho界面深度分布和基本构造格局.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2002,32:89—100
4张岭,刘劲松,郝天珧,等.渤海湾盆地及其邻域地区地壳与上地幔层析成像.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37:1444—1455
5张成科,张先康,赵金仁,等.渤海湾及其邻区壳幔速度结构研究与综述.地震学报,2002,24:428—435
6Ai Y,Zheng T.The upper mantle discontinuity structure beneath eastern China.Geophys Res Lett,2003,30:2089,doi:10.1029/2003GL017678
7Ai Y,Zheng T,Xu W,et al.Small scale hot upwelling near the North Yellow Sea of eastern China.Geophys Res Lett,2008,35:L20305,doi:10.1029/2008GL035269
8高山,章军峰,许文良,等.拆沉作用与华北克拉通破快.科学通报,2009,54:1962—1973
9朱日祥,郑天愉.华北克拉通破坏机制与古元古代板块构造体系.科学通报,2009,54:1950—1961
10Menzies M A,Xu Y G,Zhang H F,et al.Integration of geology,geophysics and geochemistry:A key to understanding the North China Craton.Lithos,2007,96:1—21
11郑永飞,吴福元.克拉通岩石圈的生长和再造.科学通报,2009,54:1945—1949
12郑斯华,高原.中国大陆岩石层的方位各向异性.地震学报,1994,15:131—140
13罗艳,黄忠贤,彭艳菊,等.中国大陆及邻区SKS波分裂研究.地球物理学报,2004,47:812—821
14Liu K H,Gao S S,Gao Y,et al.Shear-wave splitting and mantle flow associated with the deflected Pacific slab beneath northeast Asia.J Geophys Res,2008,133:B01305,doi:10.1029/2007JB005178
15Wang C Y,Flesch L M,Silver P G,et al.Evidence for mechanically coupled lithosphere in central Asia and resulting implications.Ge-ology,2008,36:363—366
16王椿镛,常利军,吕智勇,等.青藏高原东部上地幔各向异性及相关的壳幔耦合型式.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37:495—503
17Vinnik L P,Farra V,Romanowicz B.Azimuthal anisotropy in the Earth from observations of SKS at GEOSCOPE and NARS broadband stations.Bull Seism Soc Am,1989,79:1542—1558
18Silver P G,Chan W W.Shear wave splitting and subcontinental mantle deformation.J Geophys Res,1991,96:16429—16454
19Iidaka T,Niu F.Mantle and crust anisotropy in the eastern China region inferred from waveform splitting of SKS and PpSms.Earth Planet Space,2002,53:159—168
20Crampin S.Seismic wave propagation through a cracked solid:Polarization as a possible dilatancy diagnostic.Geophys J R Astron Soc,1978,53:467—496
21Crampin S,Peacock S,Gao Y,et al.The scatter of time-delays in shear-wave splitting above small earthquakes.Geophys J Int,2004,156:39—44
22高原,郑斯华,孙勇.唐山地区地壳裂隙各向异性.地震学报,1995,17:283—293
23高原,吴晶.利用剪切波各向异性推断地壳主压应力场——以首都圈地区为例.科学通报,2008,53:2933—2939
24吴晶,高原,陈运泰,等.首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性特征初步研究.地球物理学报,2007,50:209—220
25Wu J,Gao Y,Chen Y T.Shear-wave splitting in the crust beneath the southeast Capital area of North China.J Seism,2009,13:277—286
26Zhang Z J,Li Y K,Lu D Y,et al.Velocity and anisotropy structure of the crust in the Dabieshan orogenic belt from wide-angle seismic data.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2000,122:115—131
27Zhang Z,Teng J,Badal J,et al.Construction of regional and local seismic anisotropic structures from wide-angle seismic data:Crustal deformation in the southeast of China.J Seism,2009,13:241—252
28高原,滕吉文.中国大陆地壳与上地幔地震各向异性研究.地球物理学进展,2005,20:180—185
29常利军,王椿镛,丁志峰.首都圈地区SKS波分裂研究.地震学报,2008,30:551—559
30常利军,王椿镛,丁志峰.中国东部上地幔各向异性研究.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39:1169—1178
31Liu K H.NA-SWS-1.1:A uniform database of teleseismic shear-wave splitting measurements for North America.Geochem Geophys Geosys,2009,10:Q05011,doi:10.1029/2009GC002440
32Gao S S,Liu K H.Significant seismic anisotropy beneath the southern Lhasa Terrane,Tibetan Plateau.Geochem Geophys Geosys,2009,10:Q02008,doi:10.1029/2008GC002227
33高原,石玉涛,梁维,等.剪切波分裂分析系统SAM(2007)——软件系统.中国地震,2008,24:345—353
34太龄雪,高原,石玉涛,等.辽宁区域地震台网的地壳剪切波分裂研究.地震地质,2009,31:401—414
35石玉涛,高原,赵翠萍,等.汶川地震余震序列的地震各向异性.地球物理学报,2009,52:398—407
36郑秀芬,陈朝辉,张春贺.1999年台湾集集地震余震区——嘉义地区地震的剪切波分裂参数随时间变化的研究.地球物理学报,2008,51:149—157
37Gao Y,Wang P D,Zheng S H,et al.Temporal changes in shear-wave splitting at an isolated swarm of small earthquakes in1992near Dongfang,Hainan Island,southern China.Geophys J Inter,1998,135:102—112
38Gao Y,Crampin S.Temporal variations of shear-wave splitting in field and laboratory in China.J Appl Geophys,2003,54:279—287
39Crampin S,Peacock S.A review of shear-wave splitting in the compliant crack-critical anisotropic Earth.Wave Motion,2005,41:59—77
40Tadokoro K,Ando M.Evidence for rapid fault healing derived from temporal changes in S wave splitting.Geophys Res Lett,2002,29:1047,doi:10.1029/2001GL013644
41Cochran E S,Li Y G,Vidale J E.Anisotropy in the shallow crust observed around the San Andreas fault before and after the2004M6.0Parkfield earthquake.Bull Seism Soc Am,2006,96:364—375,doi:10.1785/0120050804
42Gao Y,Crampin S.A further stress-forecast earthquake(with hindsight),where migration of source earthquakes causes anomalies in shear-wave polarizations.Tectonophysics,2006,426:253—262
43Zhao L,Zheng T Y.Using shear wave splitting measurements to investigate the upper mantle anisotropy beneath the North Craton.Geo-phys Res Lett,2005,32:L10309,doi:10.1029/2005GL022585
44Zhao L,Zheng T Y,LüG.Insight into craton evolution:Constraints from shear wave splitting in the North China Craton.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2008,168:153—162
45易桂喜,姚华建,朱介寿,等.中国大陆及邻区Rayleigh面波相速度分布特征.地球物理学报,2008,51:402—411
46易桂喜,姚华建,朱介寿,等.用Rayleigh面波方位各向异性研究中国大陆岩石圈形变特征.地球物理学报,2010,53:256—268
47徐果明,姚华建,朱良保,等.中国西部及其邻域地壳上地幔横波速度结构.地球物理学报,2007,50:193—208
48Richardson R M.Ridge forces,absolute plate motions,and the intraplate stress field.J Geophys Res,1992,97:11739—11748
49Lithgow N C,Ricards M A.The dynamics of Cenozoic and Mesozoic plate motions.Rev Geophys,1998,36:27—78
50许忠淮.东亚地区现今构造应力图的编制.地震学报,2001,23:492—501
51张国民,马宏生,王辉,等.中国大陆活动地块与强震活动关系.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2004,34:591—599
2徐锡伟,吴为民,张先康,等.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震.北京:科学出版社,2002.1—376
3滕吉文,曾融生,闫雅芬,等.东亚大陆及周边海域Moho界面深度分布和基本构造格局.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2002,32:89—100
4张岭,刘劲松,郝天珧,等.渤海湾盆地及其邻域地区地壳与上地幔层析成像.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37:1444—1455
5张成科,张先康,赵金仁,等.渤海湾及其邻区壳幔速度结构研究与综述.地震学报,2002,24:428—435
6Ai Y,Zheng T.The upper mantle discontinuity structure beneath eastern China.Geophys Res Lett,2003,30:2089,doi:10.1029/2003GL017678
7Ai Y,Zheng T,Xu W,et al.Small scale hot upwelling near the North Yellow Sea of eastern China.Geophys Res Lett,2008,35:L20305,doi:10.1029/2008GL035269
8高山,章军峰,许文良,等.拆沉作用与华北克拉通破快.科学通报,2009,54:1962—1973
9朱日祥,郑天愉.华北克拉通破坏机制与古元古代板块构造体系.科学通报,2009,54:1950—1961
10Menzies M A,Xu Y G,Zhang H F,et al.Integration of geology,geophysics and geochemistry:A key to understanding the North China Craton.Lithos,2007,96:1—21
11郑永飞,吴福元.克拉通岩石圈的生长和再造.科学通报,2009,54:1945—1949
12郑斯华,高原.中国大陆岩石层的方位各向异性.地震学报,1994,15:131—140
13罗艳,黄忠贤,彭艳菊,等.中国大陆及邻区SKS波分裂研究.地球物理学报,2004,47:812—821
14Liu K H,Gao S S,Gao Y,et al.Shear-wave splitting and mantle flow associated with the deflected Pacific slab beneath northeast Asia.J Geophys Res,2008,133:B01305,doi:10.1029/2007JB005178
15Wang C Y,Flesch L M,Silver P G,et al.Evidence for mechanically coupled lithosphere in central Asia and resulting implications.Ge-ology,2008,36:363—366
16王椿镛,常利军,吕智勇,等.青藏高原东部上地幔各向异性及相关的壳幔耦合型式.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37:495—503
17Vinnik L P,Farra V,Romanowicz B.Azimuthal anisotropy in the Earth from observations of SKS at GEOSCOPE and NARS broadband stations.Bull Seism Soc Am,1989,79:1542—1558
18Silver P G,Chan W W.Shear wave splitting and subcontinental mantle deformation.J Geophys Res,1991,96:16429—16454
19Iidaka T,Niu F.Mantle and crust anisotropy in the eastern China region inferred from waveform splitting of SKS and PpSms.Earth Planet Space,2002,53:159—168
20Crampin S.Seismic wave propagation through a cracked solid:Polarization as a possible dilatancy diagnostic.Geophys J R Astron Soc,1978,53:467—496
21Crampin S,Peacock S,Gao Y,et al.The scatter of time-delays in shear-wave splitting above small earthquakes.Geophys J Int,2004,156:39—44
22高原,郑斯华,孙勇.唐山地区地壳裂隙各向异性.地震学报,1995,17:283—293
23高原,吴晶.利用剪切波各向异性推断地壳主压应力场——以首都圈地区为例.科学通报,2008,53:2933—2939
24吴晶,高原,陈运泰,等.首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性特征初步研究.地球物理学报,2007,50:209—220
25Wu J,Gao Y,Chen Y T.Shear-wave splitting in the crust beneath the southeast Capital area of North China.J Seism,2009,13:277—286
26Zhang Z J,Li Y K,Lu D Y,et al.Velocity and anisotropy structure of the crust in the Dabieshan orogenic belt from wide-angle seismic data.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2000,122:115—131
27Zhang Z,Teng J,Badal J,et al.Construction of regional and local seismic anisotropic structures from wide-angle seismic data:Crustal deformation in the southeast of China.J Seism,2009,13:241—252
28高原,滕吉文.中国大陆地壳与上地幔地震各向异性研究.地球物理学进展,2005,20:180—185
29常利军,王椿镛,丁志峰.首都圈地区SKS波分裂研究.地震学报,2008,30:551—559
30常利军,王椿镛,丁志峰.中国东部上地幔各向异性研究.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2009,39:1169—1178
31Liu K H.NA-SWS-1.1:A uniform database of teleseismic shear-wave splitting measurements for North America.Geochem Geophys Geosys,2009,10:Q05011,doi:10.1029/2009GC002440
32Gao S S,Liu K H.Significant seismic anisotropy beneath the southern Lhasa Terrane,Tibetan Plateau.Geochem Geophys Geosys,2009,10:Q02008,doi:10.1029/2008GC002227
33高原,石玉涛,梁维,等.剪切波分裂分析系统SAM(2007)——软件系统.中国地震,2008,24:345—353
34太龄雪,高原,石玉涛,等.辽宁区域地震台网的地壳剪切波分裂研究.地震地质,2009,31:401—414
35石玉涛,高原,赵翠萍,等.汶川地震余震序列的地震各向异性.地球物理学报,2009,52:398—407
36郑秀芬,陈朝辉,张春贺.1999年台湾集集地震余震区——嘉义地区地震的剪切波分裂参数随时间变化的研究.地球物理学报,2008,51:149—157
37Gao Y,Wang P D,Zheng S H,et al.Temporal changes in shear-wave splitting at an isolated swarm of small earthquakes in1992near Dongfang,Hainan Island,southern China.Geophys J Inter,1998,135:102—112
38Gao Y,Crampin S.Temporal variations of shear-wave splitting in field and laboratory in China.J Appl Geophys,2003,54:279—287
39Crampin S,Peacock S.A review of shear-wave splitting in the compliant crack-critical anisotropic Earth.Wave Motion,2005,41:59—77
40Tadokoro K,Ando M.Evidence for rapid fault healing derived from temporal changes in S wave splitting.Geophys Res Lett,2002,29:1047,doi:10.1029/2001GL013644
41Cochran E S,Li Y G,Vidale J E.Anisotropy in the shallow crust observed around the San Andreas fault before and after the2004M6.0Parkfield earthquake.Bull Seism Soc Am,2006,96:364—375,doi:10.1785/0120050804
42Gao Y,Crampin S.A further stress-forecast earthquake(with hindsight),where migration of source earthquakes causes anomalies in shear-wave polarizations.Tectonophysics,2006,426:253—262
43Zhao L,Zheng T Y.Using shear wave splitting measurements to investigate the upper mantle anisotropy beneath the North Craton.Geo-phys Res Lett,2005,32:L10309,doi:10.1029/2005GL022585
44Zhao L,Zheng T Y,LüG.Insight into craton evolution:Constraints from shear wave splitting in the North China Craton.Phys Earth Planet Inter,2008,168:153—162
45易桂喜,姚华建,朱介寿,等.中国大陆及邻区Rayleigh面波相速度分布特征.地球物理学报,2008,51:402—411
46易桂喜,姚华建,朱介寿,等.用Rayleigh面波方位各向异性研究中国大陆岩石圈形变特征.地球物理学报,2010,53:256—268
47徐果明,姚华建,朱良保,等.中国西部及其邻域地壳上地幔横波速度结构.地球物理学报,2007,50:193—208
48Richardson R M.Ridge forces,absolute plate motions,and the intraplate stress field.J Geophys Res,1992,97:11739—11748
49Lithgow N C,Ricards M A.The dynamics of Cenozoic and Mesozoic plate motions.Rev Geophys,1998,36:27—78
50许忠淮.东亚地区现今构造应力图的编制.地震学报,2001,23:492—501
51张国民,马宏生,王辉,等.中国大陆活动地块与强震活动关系.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2004,34:591—599
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