高层建筑结构振动台模型试验与原型对比的研究
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摘要
振动台模型试验是研究结构地震破坏机理和评价结构整体抗震能力的重要方法之一,如何正确处理试验模型与原型的相似关系以及如何由模型反应正确推导原型反应是很关键的问题。基于振动台试验,以12层的高层建筑框架结构为模型,对其进行了模型设计和试验,并运用大型非线性有限元分析软件MSC.Marc分别对原型结构和模型进行了地震作用下的动力响应分析。由模型地震反应按照动力相似关系推导出原型结构的地震反应,并将其与原型结构的计算值进行对比分析。通过对原型与模型自振特性、加速度、位移和剪力的对比,验证了模型与原型相似关系的准确性,振动台模型试验可以真实地反映原型结构的地震响应,据此,根据模型的试验结果可以对原型结构进行抗震性能的评估。
Shaking table model test is one of the important methods to study the mechanism of earthquake damage and evaluate the anti-seismic capacity of the overall structure,how to deal with the similarity relation between test model and prototype and how to deduce the response of prototype from the response of model correctly are the key issues.A model of twelve-storey high-rise building frame structure was designed and tested based on the shaking table test,and dynamical analysis under seismic action for prototype and model was done by large nonlinear finite element analysis software MSC.Marc.The seismic response of prototype structure was deduced from model response according to the dynamic similarity relation,and compared with the calculated value of prototype structure.The accuracy of similarity relationship between model and prototype structure was verified by comparing the natural vibration properties,acceleration,displacement and shear,vibration table model test could reflect truly the seismic response of prototype structure,thus the earthquake resistant behavior of prototype structure could be evaluated according to the test results of model.
Shaking table model test is one of the important methods to study the mechanism of earthquake damage and evaluate the anti-seismic capacity of the overall structure,how to deal with the similarity relation between test model and prototype and how to deduce the response of prototype from the response of model correctly are the key issues.A model of twelve-storey high-rise building frame structure was designed and tested based on the shaking table test,and dynamical analysis under seismic action for prototype and model was done by large nonlinear finite element analysis software MSC.Marc.The seismic response of prototype structure was deduced from model response according to the dynamic similarity relation,and compared with the calculated value of prototype structure.The accuracy of similarity relationship between model and prototype structure was verified by comparing the natural vibration properties,acceleration,displacement and shear,vibration table model test could reflect truly the seismic response of prototype structure,thus the earthquake resistant behavior of prototype structure could be evaluated according to the test results of model.
引文
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[2]沈德建,吕西林.地震模拟振动台及模型试验研究进展[J].结构工程师,2006,22(6):55—58,63.Shen Dejian,Lv Xilin.Research advances on simula-ting earthquake shaking tables and model test[J].Structure Engineers,2006,22(6):55—58,63.
[3]施卫星,丁美,成广伟,等.超高层建筑整体模型模拟地震振动台试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2007,39(4):50—56.Shi Weixing,Ding Mei,Cheng Guangwei,et al.Sha-king table model test of a high-rise building structure[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Sci-ence Edition),2007,39(4):50—56.
[4]吕西林.复杂高层建筑结构抗震理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.Lv Xilin.Complex High-rise Building Structure Seis-mic Theory and Application[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2007.
[5]郑山锁.动力试验模型在任意配重条件下与原型结构的相似关系[J].工业建筑,2000,30(3):35—39.Zheng Shangsuo.Analogical ratio between scale modelswithless ballast and their prototypes under shaking tabletest[J].Industrial Buildings,2000,30(3):35—39.
[6]王天稳.土木工程结构试验[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2006.Wang Tianwen.Civil Engineering Structure Test[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyPress,2006.
[7]徐挺.相似理论与模型试验[M].北京:中国农业机械出版社,1982.Xu Ting.Similarity Theory and Model Test[M].Bei-jing:China′s Agricultural Mechanical Press,1982.
[8]张昕,周德源,张风岭,等.某高层建筑结构模型振动台试验研究及有限元分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(3):37—43.Zhang Xin,Zhou Deyuan,Zhang Fengling,et al.Sha-king table test and finite element analysis of a complexhigh-rise building structure model[J].Earthquake En-gineering and Engineering Vibration,1999,19(3):37—43.
[9]陈火红,杨剑,薛小香,等.新编Marc有限元实例教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.Chen Huohong,Yang Jian,Xue Xiaoxiang,et al.NewMARC Finite Element Instance Tutorial[M].Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,2007.
[10]阙前华,常志宇.MSC.Marc工程应用实例分析与二次开发[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.Que Qianhua,Chang Zhiyu.MSC.Marc Examples ofEngineering Application Analysis and Secondary De-velopment[M].Beijing:China Water Conservancy andHydropower Press,2005.
[11]梁清香.有限元与MARC实现[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.Liang Qingxiang.Finite Element and MARC to Real-ize[M].Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,2005.
[12]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction ofthe People's Republic of China.Code for Seismic De-sign of Buildings(GB50011-2010)[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,2010.
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