东京基于社区的地震灾害危险度评估:做法与特点

英文篇名：District-based Assessment of Vulnerability to Earthquake Disaster in Tokyo: Practice and Characteristics
中文刊名：北京行政学院学报
英文刊名：Journal of Beijing Administrative College
作者：钟开斌
英文作者：ZHONG Kai-bin
中文关键词：风险评估 ; 地震灾害 ; 脆弱性 ; 以社区为基础 ; 东京
英文关键词：risk assessment ; earthquake disaster ; vulnerability ; district-based ; Kyoto
出版日期：2011-12-10
机构：国家行政学院应急管理培训部;
年：2011
期：06
出版单位：北京行政学院学报

摘要

东京在实践中逐步建立了一套基于社区的地震灾害危险度评估体系,以东京各町丁目为评估对象,通过对建筑物危险度、火灾危险度和应急避难危险度进行分类评估,得出各地的综合危险度,为防灾减灾工作提供科学依据。东京基于社区的地震灾害危险度评估具有如下特点:以巨灾为重点,积极开展强烈地震发生后不同地区的危险度评估;以综合为目标,全面评估强烈地震等巨灾对经济社会产生的综合影响;以专项为基础,深入评估震后建筑物、火灾、避难等各类风险;以公开为动力,大力提高全社会的风险防范意识和应急处置能力。
Since 1975,the Tokyo Metropolitan government has developed a district-based assessment method of vulnerability to earthquake disaster.About every 5 years,a survey would be conducted to measure communities' vulnerability to earthquakes.The sixth survey in 2008 was conducted in 5099 districts of city planning areas in Tokyo.The district-based vulnerability to earthquake disaster is measured in terms of building collapse,fire disasters resulting from earthquakes,and integrated vulnerability.This method scientifically measures vulnerability from earthquake in units of districts,focusing on integrated vulnerability to collapse of buildings and spreading of fires for each district.Each survey is published to improve the public's awareness to vulnerabilities and risks.

引文

[1]The TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT.Disaster Prevention Measures:Precautions against PossibleCrises That Tokyo May Face[DB/OL].http://www.bousai.metro.tokyo.jp/english/e-knowledge/tebiki.html,[2010-03-01].
    [2]顾林生.东京大城市防灾应急管理体系及启示[J].防灾技术高等专科学校学报,2005,7(2):5-13.
    [3]东京灾难风险指数居世界各大城市之首[N].华尔街日报(中文网络版),2005-01-13.
    [4]东京都城市防灾规划[DB/OL].http://www.toshiseibi.metro.tokyo.jp/bosai/70k1s100.pdf,[2010-01-10].
    [5]东京都都市计划局都市防灾部.地震相关地域危险度测定调查报告书[DB/OL].http://www.toshiseibi.metro.tokyo.jp/bosai/chousa_5/home.htm,[2006-12-21].