立井直眼微差爆破模型试验振动测试与分析
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摘要
为降低立井爆破施工的振动效应,以立井爆破中两圈直眼为原型,实施三种不同起爆延期的直眼微差爆破模型试验,并用UBOX-5016型爆破振动智能监测仪测试混凝土模型的爆破振动效应。实测爆破振动波表明,微差爆破可减少单段起爆药量、明显降低爆破振动效应;起爆延期25 ms时I段、Ⅱ段爆破振动波形彼此叠加,测点形成干扰降振效应,爆破峰值振动速度较小;起爆延期为50 ms时I段、Ⅲ段爆破振动波形彼此独立,峰值振动速度由单段起爆药量决定。竖向爆破振动波形频谱分析表明,微差爆破振动幅值明显低于齐发爆破,且波形复杂。微差爆破能显著降低爆破振动效应,主振频率较高。
Taking two-circle vertical blast holes in vertical shaft blasting as prototype,tests for three millisecond blasting models with two-circle vertical blast holes were conducted to investigate the way to reduce the blasting vibration effect of vertical shaft blasting construction. The blasting vibration effects of a concrete model was monitored with a blasting vibration intelligent monitor UBOX-5016. The actual blasting vibration indicated that blasting vibration effect is reduced significantly by millisecond blasting through reducing the maximum charge; when the detonation time delay is 25 ms,two blasting vibration waves of segment I and segment Ⅱ overlap each other and the actual peak blasting vibration velocity is smaller due to interference effect of vibration reduction; when the detonation time delay is 50 ms,two blasting vibration waves of segment I and segment Ⅲ are almost independent and the actual peak blasting vibration velocity depends on the maximum charge. Spectral analyses were implemented for verticals blasting vibrations of three millisecond blasting models. It was shown that the amplitude of millisecond blasting is much lower than that of simultaneous blasting and the waveform of millisecond blasting is complex; the blasting vibration effect is reduced with millisecond blasting,its main vibration frequency is higher.
Taking two-circle vertical blast holes in vertical shaft blasting as prototype,tests for three millisecond blasting models with two-circle vertical blast holes were conducted to investigate the way to reduce the blasting vibration effect of vertical shaft blasting construction. The blasting vibration effects of a concrete model was monitored with a blasting vibration intelligent monitor UBOX-5016. The actual blasting vibration indicated that blasting vibration effect is reduced significantly by millisecond blasting through reducing the maximum charge; when the detonation time delay is 25 ms,two blasting vibration waves of segment I and segment Ⅱ overlap each other and the actual peak blasting vibration velocity is smaller due to interference effect of vibration reduction; when the detonation time delay is 50 ms,two blasting vibration waves of segment I and segment Ⅲ are almost independent and the actual peak blasting vibration velocity depends on the maximum charge. Spectral analyses were implemented for verticals blasting vibrations of three millisecond blasting models. It was shown that the amplitude of millisecond blasting is much lower than that of simultaneous blasting and the waveform of millisecond blasting is complex; the blasting vibration effect is reduced with millisecond blasting,its main vibration frequency is higher.
引文
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[13]陈士海,燕永锋,戚桂峰,等.微差爆破降震效果影响因素分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3003-3008.CHEN Shi-hai,YAN Yong-feng,QI Gui-feng,et al.Analysis of influence factors of interference vibration reduction of millisecond blasting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):3003-3008.
[2]赵明生,张建华,易长平.基于小波分解的爆破振动信号RSPWVD二次型时频分析[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(2):44-47.ZHAO Ming-sheng.ZHANG Jian-hua,YI Chang-ping.Blasting vibration signal RSPWVD quadratic time-frequency analysis based on wavelet decomposition[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(2):44-47.
[3]凌同华,李夕兵.单段爆破振动信号频带能量分布特征的小波包分析[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(5):41-43.LING Tong-hua,LI Xi-bing.Features on energy distribution of single deck blast vibration signals with wavelet packet analysis[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2007,26(5):41-43.
[4]李夕兵,凌同华.单段与多段微差爆破地震效应的反应谱特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2409-2413.LI Xi-bing,LING Tong-hua.Response spectrum analysis of group vibration induced by single deck and multi-deck blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2409-2413.
[5]史秀志,陈寿如.爆破振动时频特征的段药量及抵抗线效应[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(3):345-349.SHI Xiu-zhi,CHEN Shou-ru.Explosive blasted per delay and burden effects on time-frequencycharacteristic of vibration induced by blast[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(3):345-349.
[6]谢承煜,罗周全,贾楠,等.露天爆破振动对临近建筑的动力响应及降振措施研究[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(13):187-193.XIE Cheng-yu,LUO Zhou-quan,JIA Nan,et al.Dynamic effects of open blasting vibration on adjacent buildings and measures for vibration reduction[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(13):187-193.
[7]张小康,潘长春.不同装药量单孔爆破振动效应试验研究[J].中国矿业,2012,21(3):96-99.ZHANG Xiao-kang,PAN Chang-chun.Experimental study on single hole blasting vibration effect of different explosive charge[J].China Mine Magazine,2012,21(3):96-99.
[8]马芹永,韩博,卢小雨.立井井筒基岩段深孔爆破振动测试与分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2012,40(1):23-25.MA Qin-yong,HAN Bo,LU Xiao-yu.Measurement and analysis on deep borehole blasting vibration in base rock section of mine shaft[J].Coal Science and Technology,2012,40(1):23-25.
[9]马芹永.冻土爆破性与可钻性试验及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[10]韩博,马芹永.煤矿岩巷毫秒延期爆破振动测试与控制技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(2):209-214.HAN Bo,MA Qin-yong.Research on testing and controlling techniques of millisecond delay blasting vibration in coal mine rock roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(2):209-214.
[11]单仁亮,马军平,赵华.分层分段直眼掏槽在石灰岩井筒爆破中的应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):636-640.SHAN Ren-liang,MA Jun-ping,ZHAO Hua.Application of staged burn-cut in shaft blasting in limestone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):636-640.
[12]韩博.矿山井筒硬岩深孔爆破模型试验与应用研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2013.
[13]陈士海,燕永锋,戚桂峰,等.微差爆破降震效果影响因素分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3003-3008.CHEN Shi-hai,YAN Yong-feng,QI Gui-feng,et al.Analysis of influence factors of interference vibration reduction of millisecond blasting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):3003-3008.
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