利用地震地貌学刻画古喀斯特地貌
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摘要
地震地貌学以多种地震平面成像技术和几何属性分析技术为基础,以现代沉积地貌研究成果为指导,通过不同等时格架内地震平面图像揭示地层沉积演化规律,以期通过地震图像获取更多有关沉积地层方面的信息。本文采用地震地貌学的研究流程和配套技术方法,综合运用多种地震几何属性提取技术和平面成像技术,对鄂尔多斯盆地东部富县区块奥陶系碳酸盐岩的喀斯特古地貌进行刻画分析,定量描述了不同尺度级别的树枝状排水沟槽的平面分布。结果表明:总体上研究区奥陶系古地貌呈"西高东低"特征,残存厚度则表现为"东厚西薄",古喀斯特地貌主要集中于研究区中西部,东北有零星分布;西北部发育一条负向主沟槽,沟槽宽为300～860m,切割深度为20～45m,自西向东南延伸至中部岔分为两支次级沟槽,在主沟槽附近还发育多条分支沟槽,但平面延伸距离不长;其他区域为正向地貌单元区或平地,曲率体切片色调的变化精细刻画了各类残丘地貌。
Based on seismic plane imaging techniques and geometrical attribute analysis technique,and directed by modern sediment and geomorphology research results,the seismic geomorphology discloses the strata sediment and evolution laws through seismic plane images in different isochrohal frame in order to acquire more information on sediment strata through seismic images.By using the research flowchart and auxiliary techniques in seismic geomorphology and integratedly applying the seismic geometrical attribute extraction technique and plane imaging technique,the Ordovician carbonate paleo-karst landforms in Fuxian County,east of Ordos Basin were described and analyzed in this paper.The plane distribution of the dendritic draining groove with different scales were quantitatively described.The research results indicate that the Ordovician paleo-karst landforms in this area show higher elevation in the west and lower elevation in the east,the residual thickness is thicker in the east and thinner in the west,the paleo-karst landforms mainly distribute in the middle west,a few in the northeast,a valley was developed in the northwest of the area,its width is about 300～860m,cutting depth is 20～45m,it extends from west to the southeast and it branches to two sub-valleys,beside the main valley many branch valleys were developed,but they do not extend too long,the other parts of the area are positive landform unit section or the plain,the color changing of the curvature delineate every kinds of hammock in detail.
Based on seismic plane imaging techniques and geometrical attribute analysis technique,and directed by modern sediment and geomorphology research results,the seismic geomorphology discloses the strata sediment and evolution laws through seismic plane images in different isochrohal frame in order to acquire more information on sediment strata through seismic images.By using the research flowchart and auxiliary techniques in seismic geomorphology and integratedly applying the seismic geometrical attribute extraction technique and plane imaging technique,the Ordovician carbonate paleo-karst landforms in Fuxian County,east of Ordos Basin were described and analyzed in this paper.The plane distribution of the dendritic draining groove with different scales were quantitatively described.The research results indicate that the Ordovician paleo-karst landforms in this area show higher elevation in the west and lower elevation in the east,the residual thickness is thicker in the east and thinner in the west,the paleo-karst landforms mainly distribute in the middle west,a few in the northeast,a valley was developed in the northwest of the area,its width is about 300～860m,cutting depth is 20～45m,it extends from west to the southeast and it branches to two sub-valleys,beside the main valley many branch valleys were developed,but they do not extend too long,the other parts of the area are positive landform unit section or the plain,the color changing of the curvature delineate every kinds of hammock in detail.
引文
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[5]钱荣钧.地震波分辨率的分类研究及偏移对分辨率的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):306～313
[6]张军华,周振晓,谭明友等.地震切片解释中的几个理论问题.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):348～352
[7]Taner M T,Schuelke J S,Doherty R O et al.Seismic attributes revisited.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,1994,13:1104～1106
[8]Satinder Chopra,KurtJ Marfurt.Volumetriccurvature attributes add value to3Dseismic datainterpretation.The Leading Edge,2007,26(7):856～867
[9]何自新,郑聪斌,陈安宁等.长庆气田奥陶系古沟槽展布及其对气藏的控制.石油学报,2001,22(4):35～38
[10]夏日元,唐健生,关碧珠等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古岩溶地貌及天然气富集特征.石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):133～136
[11]徐世琦,邓洪斌,洪海涛.长庆气田奥陶系岩溶古地貌对气藏的控制作用.天然气勘探与开发,2001,24(4):1～6
[12]张宏,郑浚茂,杨道庆等.塔中卡塔克区块古岩溶储层地震预测技术.石油学报,2008,29(1):69～74
[2]Robert S Tye.Geomorphology:An approach to deter-mining subsurface reservoir di mensions.AAPGBulle-tin,2004,88(8):1123～1147
[3]Wood L J,Daniel Pecuch et al.Seismic attribute and sequence stratigraphic integration methods for resol-ving reservoir geometry in San Jorge Basin,Argenti-na.The Leading Edge,2000,19(9):952～962
[4]Galloway WE,Hobday D K.Terrigenous Clastic Depo-sitional Systems:Applications to Petroleum,Coal,and Uranium Exploration.New York:Springer-Ver-lag,1983
[5]钱荣钧.地震波分辨率的分类研究及偏移对分辨率的影响.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):306～313
[6]张军华,周振晓,谭明友等.地震切片解释中的几个理论问题.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):348～352
[7]Taner M T,Schuelke J S,Doherty R O et al.Seismic attributes revisited.SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,1994,13:1104～1106
[8]Satinder Chopra,KurtJ Marfurt.Volumetriccurvature attributes add value to3Dseismic datainterpretation.The Leading Edge,2007,26(7):856～867
[9]何自新,郑聪斌,陈安宁等.长庆气田奥陶系古沟槽展布及其对气藏的控制.石油学报,2001,22(4):35～38
[10]夏日元,唐健生,关碧珠等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古岩溶地貌及天然气富集特征.石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):133～136
[11]徐世琦,邓洪斌,洪海涛.长庆气田奥陶系岩溶古地貌对气藏的控制作用.天然气勘探与开发,2001,24(4):1～6
[12]张宏,郑浚茂,杨道庆等.塔中卡塔克区块古岩溶储层地震预测技术.石油学报,2008,29(1):69～74
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