我国高坝抗震安全评价的现状与挑战
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摘要
西部地区既是我国水能资源富集的地区,又是我国的地震频发区。高坝大库水利水电工程的建设,有利于减轻下游地区干旱和洪涝灾害,有利于改善能源结构和缓解电力紧张,但地震区高坝抗震安全问题不容忽视。我国在高坝抗震领域取得了不少成绩,但仍不能满足我国高坝建设对抗震安全评价提出的迫切要求。本文根据我国大政方针、现行的法律法规、技术规定,以及有关学科的进展和地震区诸多高坝建设所面临的现实迫切需要,从场址地震动参数确定、大坝设防标准、坝址地震动输入、筑坝材料抗震性能、大坝静动力响应分析、大坝抗震安全评价准则、地震监测和应急预案等方面,系统分析我国大坝抗震安全评价的现状、存在的问题和有关建议,以期为我国大坝抗震安全的研究、分析、设计以及工程运行提供有价值的信息。
West China is not only abundant in hydropower resources,but also is a region with high seismicity.The constructions of hydropower projects with high dam and large reservoir,is propitious to alleviate the disaster caused by drought and flood in the lower region,and also make for improving the structure of energy and relaxing the shortage of electricity power,but special attentions should be paid to the seismic safety evaluation of projects in seismic region.Although great achievements have been made in seismic fortification for high dams in China,it still cannot meet the requirements from high dam constructions.According to the policies,active laws and codes,technical standards,the last achievements from related disciplines,and the urgent requirement from dam constructions,Authors analyzed the status of and problem facing China seismic safety evaluations for high dams,including selection of ground motion parameters,seismic fortification standard,ground motion input,dynamic property of dam materials, static and dynamic response analysis,criterion of seismic safety evaluation for dams,seismic instrumentations and emergency planning,author also brought forward to some suggestions and hope that it can provide some information for the research and analysis of dam seismic safety evaluation,for the anti-seismic design and operation of dams.
West China is not only abundant in hydropower resources,but also is a region with high seismicity.The constructions of hydropower projects with high dam and large reservoir,is propitious to alleviate the disaster caused by drought and flood in the lower region,and also make for improving the structure of energy and relaxing the shortage of electricity power,but special attentions should be paid to the seismic safety evaluation of projects in seismic region.Although great achievements have been made in seismic fortification for high dams in China,it still cannot meet the requirements from high dam constructions.According to the policies,active laws and codes,technical standards,the last achievements from related disciplines,and the urgent requirement from dam constructions,Authors analyzed the status of and problem facing China seismic safety evaluations for high dams,including selection of ground motion parameters,seismic fortification standard,ground motion input,dynamic property of dam materials, static and dynamic response analysis,criterion of seismic safety evaluation for dams,seismic instrumentations and emergency planning,author also brought forward to some suggestions and hope that it can provide some information for the research and analysis of dam seismic safety evaluation,for the anti-seismic design and operation of dams.
引文
[1]DL5073-2000.水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].
[2]U.S.Department of Homeland Security.Federal guideline for dam safety-earthquake analysis and dam design[S],FEMA65.2005.
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[6]ICOLD Bulletin 72.Selecting seismic parameters for large dams[M].1989.
[7]Raphael J M.Tensile strength of concrete[J].ACI Journal.1984,81(2):158-165.
[8]Chopra A K.Earthquake analysis,design and safety evaluation of concrete arch dams[A].Proc.Tenth WCEE[C].Madrid,Spain.1992.6763-6782.
[9]林皋.混凝土大坝抗震安全评价的发展趋向[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2006,26(1):1-12.
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[13]Finn W D L.State-of-the-art of geotechnical earthquake engineering practice[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering.2000,20:1-16.
[14]Ghanaat Y.Seismic performance and damage criteria for concrete dams[A].Proc.3rd U.S.2 Japan Workshop onAdvanced Research on Earthquake Engineering for Dams[C].California:San Diego,2002.22-23.
[2]U.S.Department of Homeland Security.Federal guideline for dam safety-earthquake analysis and dam design[S],FEMA65.2005.
[3]Reilly N.European working group on guidelines for the seismic assessment of dams[A].British Dam Society 13th BiennialConference[C].Canterbury,2004:1-8.
[4]Georges R Darbre.Swiss guidelines for the earthquake safety of dams[A].13th World Conference on EarthquakeEngineering[C],Vancouver,B.C.,Canada,August 1-6,2004,1794:1-12.
[5]Martin Wieland,Review of seismic design criteria of large concrete and embankment dam[A].73rd Annual Meeting ofICOLD[C],IRAN,May 1-6,2005,012-W4:1-10.
[6]ICOLD Bulletin 72.Selecting seismic parameters for large dams[M].1989.
[7]Raphael J M.Tensile strength of concrete[J].ACI Journal.1984,81(2):158-165.
[8]Chopra A K.Earthquake analysis,design and safety evaluation of concrete arch dams[A].Proc.Tenth WCEE[C].Madrid,Spain.1992.6763-6782.
[9]林皋.混凝土大坝抗震安全评价的发展趋向[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2006,26(1):1-12.
[10]中国水利水电科学研究院,河海大学.全级配大坝混凝土动态性能研究[M].2002.
[11]陈厚群.混凝土大坝抗震中的力学问题[J].力学与实践,2006,28,(2):1-8.
[12]林皋.土石坝抗震安全评价技术[A].新世纪水利工程科技前沿[C].天津:天津大学出版社,2005.460-473.
[13]Finn W D L.State-of-the-art of geotechnical earthquake engineering practice[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering.2000,20:1-16.
[14]Ghanaat Y.Seismic performance and damage criteria for concrete dams[A].Proc.3rd U.S.2 Japan Workshop onAdvanced Research on Earthquake Engineering for Dams[C].California:San Diego,2002.22-23.
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