地震火山地层学及其在我国火山岩盆地中的应用
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摘要
火山地层,物源来自于地下,搬运和分散方式有岩浆流、碎屑流、空落堆积及它们的再搬运,是不同于所有沉积地层的"异化地层".与层序地层学研究沉积地层类似,火山地层学着重研究火山岩系的层序界面和内部充填样式,通过地震层序分析刻画成因地层单元和地层对比关系.应用地震火山地层学在南海北部陆缘带识别出向海倾斜反射(SDR)、向陆流、外高和供给岩墙等表征火山裂谷陆缘的地震-地质单元;在松辽盆地识别出组-段-旋回三级层序界面,和垂向加积、侧向前积、披盖沉积、造丘和穿切五种充填样式.目前,火山地层学研究分为陆内和陆缘两个方向.陆内盆地的中小尺度地震相-火山岩相的研究精度高;而陆缘盆地大尺度地震-地质单元的成果更具普适性.二者取长补短、互为借鉴,将成为今后地震火山地层学研究的重要方向.
Materials comprising volcanogenic successions are derived from erupted components and transported by lava/pyroclastic flows and fallout as well as reworking processes.Their buildups are substaintial allostratigraphy and quite different from all kind of sedimentary sequences.The same with sequence stratigraphy for sedimentary rocks,volcanostratigraphy focuses on filling patterns confined by sequence boundaries,and depicts geological features and correlation of the successions in a volcanic basin.Some volcanic seismic facies units,including inner seaward dipping reflectors (SDR),landward flows,outer high and feeder dikes,were recognized in northern margin of the South China Sea based on the concepts of seismic volcanostratigraphy,indicating volcanic rifted margin.For volcanogenic successions of the Songliao Basin,it was realized that there are three types of sequence boundaries,in descending order of formation,member,and volcanic cycle,and that there are five patterns of basin filling i.e.aggradation,progradation,draping,mounding and cutting.Inland basins and continental margins are two branches concerning the applications of seismic volcanostratigraphy.By comparison,intrafacies components/components associations (4th tier) and facies associations (3~(rd) tier) were three-dimensionally described in inland basins.On the other hand,seismic facies (2~(nd) tier) like SRD and landward flows were globally developed in the marginal basins (cf.first tier heterogeneity is on the scale of graben).Optimizing combination of the two branches will make seismic volcanostratigraphy more fruitful.
Materials comprising volcanogenic successions are derived from erupted components and transported by lava/pyroclastic flows and fallout as well as reworking processes.Their buildups are substaintial allostratigraphy and quite different from all kind of sedimentary sequences.The same with sequence stratigraphy for sedimentary rocks,volcanostratigraphy focuses on filling patterns confined by sequence boundaries,and depicts geological features and correlation of the successions in a volcanic basin.Some volcanic seismic facies units,including inner seaward dipping reflectors (SDR),landward flows,outer high and feeder dikes,were recognized in northern margin of the South China Sea based on the concepts of seismic volcanostratigraphy,indicating volcanic rifted margin.For volcanogenic successions of the Songliao Basin,it was realized that there are three types of sequence boundaries,in descending order of formation,member,and volcanic cycle,and that there are five patterns of basin filling i.e.aggradation,progradation,draping,mounding and cutting.Inland basins and continental margins are two branches concerning the applications of seismic volcanostratigraphy.By comparison,intrafacies components/components associations (4th tier) and facies associations (3~(rd) tier) were three-dimensionally described in inland basins.On the other hand,seismic facies (2~(nd) tier) like SRD and landward flows were globally developed in the marginal basins (cf.first tier heterogeneity is on the scale of graben).Optimizing combination of the two branches will make seismic volcanostratigraphy more fruitful.
引文
1) 王璞珺,孙晓猛,唐华风等.2010南海北部深水区及邻区基底构造与火山作用研究.国家科技重大专项课题子课题研究报告和图册.2010年12月
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[1] 莱伊尔C.地质学原理.徐韦曼译.北京:科学出版社,1959 Lyell C.Principle of Geology(in Chinese).Translated by Xu W M.Beijing:Science Press,1959
[2] Kasama T,Yoshida H. Volcanostratigraphy of the late Mesozoic acid pyroclastic rocks of the Arima Group,Southwest Japan.J.Geosciences,1976,20:19～42
[3] 刘光鼎,陈洁.中国前新生代残留盆地油气勘探难点分析及对策.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :273～275 Liu G D,Chen J.Analysis of difficulties in gas-petroleum prospecting in Chinese pre Cenozoic relic basin and the corresponding solutions.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2005,20(2) :273-275
[4] Planke S,Symonds P A,Alvestad E,et al.Seismic volcanostratigraphy of large-volume basaltic extrusive complexes on rifted margins.J.GeoDhys.Res.-Solid Earth,2000,105(8) :19335-19351
[5] Berndt C,Planke S,Alvestad E,et al.Seismic volcanostratigraphy of the Norwegian Margin:constraints on tectonomagrnatic break-up processes.J.Geol.Society,2001,158(3) :413-426
[6] Einsele G.Sedimentary Basins.Berlin Heidelberg New York:Springer,2000
[7] Jackson J A.Glossary of Geology (Fourth Edition).Virginia:American Geological Institute,1997
[8] 王璞珺,印长海,朱如凯等.中基性火山作用喷出物类型、特征与成因.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2010,40(3) :469～481 Wang P J,Yin C H,Zhu R K,et al.Classification,description and interpretation of the volcanic products:ancient and modern examples from China.J.Jilin Univ.(Ea(?)th Sci.Ed ition) (in Chinese),2010,40(3) :469-481
[9] Rey S S,Pianke S,Symonds P A,et al.Seismic volcanostratigraphy of the Gascoyne Margin,Western Australia.J.Volcanol.Geotherm.Res.,2008,172(1-2) :112-131
[10] Single R T,Jerram D A.The 3D facies architecture of flood basalt provinces and their internal heterogeneity:examples from the Palaeogene Skye Lava Field.J.Geol.Society,2004,161:911-926
[11] Jerram D A.Volcanology and facies architecture of flood basalts.In:Menzies M A,Klemperer S L,Ebinger J eds.Volcanic Rifted Margins.Boulder,Colorado:Geological Society of America Special Paper 362,2002． 121-135
[12] (O|¨)zdemir Y,Karaoglu (O|¨),Tolluoglu A O,et al.Volcanostratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Nemrut stratovolcano (East Anatolian High Plateau):The most recent post collisional volcanism in Turkey.Chem.Geol.,2006,226(3-4) :189-211
[13] Mcphie J,Allen R L.Facies architecture of mineralized submarine volcanic Sequen Cambrian Mount Read Volcanics,Western Tasmania.Econ.Geol.,1992,87:587-596
[14] Menzies M A,Klemperer S L,Ebinger J,et al.Characteristics of volcanic rifted margins.In:Menzies M A,Klemperer S L,Ebinger J eds.Volcanic Rifted Margins.Boulder,Colorado:Geological Society of America Special Paper 362,2002． 1-14
[15] Mutter ]C,Talwani M,Stoffa P L.Origin of seaward dipping reflectors in oceanic crust off the Norwegian margin by "subaerial sea floor spreading".Geology,1982,10:353-357
[16] Feng Z Q.Volcanic rocks as prolific gas reservoir:a case study from the Qingshen gas field in the Songliao Basin,NE China.Mar.Petrol.Geol.,2008,25:416-432
[17] 王璞珺,吴河勇,庞颜明等.松辽盆地火山岩相:相序、相模式与储层物性的定量关系.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(5) :805～812 Wang P J,Wu H Y,Pang Y M,et al.Volcanic facies of Songliao basin:sequence,model and the quantitative relationship with porosity & permeability of volcanic reserveoir.J.Jilin Univ.(Earth Sci.Edition) (in Chinese),2006,36(5) :805-812
[18] 唐华风,王璞珺,姜传金等.松辽盆地白垩系营城组隐伏火山机构物理模型和地震识别.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :530～536 Tang H F,Wang P J,Jiang C J,et al.Physical model and seismic recognition of concealed volcanic edifices of Yingcheng Formation in Songliao Basin,Cretaceous,NE China.Progress in Geo physics (in Chinese),2007,22 (2) :530-536
[19] 刘昭蜀,杨树康,何善谋等.南海陆缘地堑系及边缘海的演化旋回.热带海洋,1983,2(4) :251～259 Liu Z S,Yang S K,He S M,et al.The continental margin spreading of South China Sea and the cycle of evolution of marginal seas.Tropic Oceanology (in Chinese),1983,2(4) :251-259
[20] 刘以宣,钟建强,詹文欢.南海及邻域新构造运动基本特征.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14(4) :1～14 Liu Y X,Zhong J Q,Zhan W H.Basic characteristics of neotectonism in South China Sea and its adjacent regions.Mar.Geol.Quaternary Geol.(in Chinese),1994,14 (4) :1-14
[21] 姚伯初.南海海盆新生代的构造演化史.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,16(2) :1～13 Yao B C.Tectonic evolution of the South China Sea in Cenozoic.Mar.Geol.Quaternary Geol.(in Chinese),1996,16(2) :1-13
[22] 龚再升,李思田,谢太俊等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,1997 Gong Z S,Li S T,Xie T J,et al.Continental Margin Basin Analysis and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of the Northern South China Sea (in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1997
[23] 李家彪.中国边缘海形成演化与资源效应.北京:海洋出版社,2008 Li J B.Evolution of China's Margin Seas and Its Effect of Natural Resources (in Chinese).Beijing:Ocean Press,2008
[24] 郝天珧,徐亚,赵百民等.南海磁性基底分布特征的地球物理研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(11) :2763～2774 Hao T Y,Xu Y,Zhao B M,et al.Geophysical research on distribution features of magnetic basements in the South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(11) :2763-2774
[25] 王嘹亮,程日辉,李飞等.南海北部陆缘中生代沉积层序、对比和油气地质意义.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2009,39(2) :175～182 Wang L L,Cheng R H,Li F,et al.The Mesozoic sedimentary sequences,correlation and geological significance for petroleum of the north margin of South China Sea.J.Jilin Univ.(Earth Sci.Edition) (in Chinese),2009,39(2) :175-182
[26] 朱伟林,张功成,高乐.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向.石油学报,2008,29(1) :1～9 Zhu W L,Zhang G C,Gao L.Geological characteristics and exploration objectives of hydrocarbons in the northern continental margin basin of South China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese),2008,29(1) :1-9
[27] 朱伟林,张功成,杨少坤等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地天然气地质.北京:石油工业出版社,2007 Zhu W L,Zhang G C,Yang S K,et al.Natural Gas Geology of Northern South China Sea Continental Margin (in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007
[28] 何家雄,刘海龄,姚永坚等.南海北部边缘盆地油气地质及资源前景.北京:石油工业出版社,2008 He J X,Liu H L,Yao Y J,et a1． Petroleum Geology and Resource Potential of Northern South China Sea Marginal Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008
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