声发射定位的稳健算法
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摘要
针对岩石力学实验声发射三维定位常规算法精度较低的问题,分析各种改进的定位算法。通过使用波速均匀的样品进行人工触发声发射实验发现,随机误差是岩石实验中声发射定位不准的最主要因素。为消除随机误差,采用最小绝对偏差法进行定位。绝对偏差最小法是一种适合于存在离群点时的稳健估计算法,可以克服最小二乘法仅在误差为正态分布时才有效的缺点。实验结果表明,与最小二乘法相比,当数据中存在个别误差较大的离群点时,采用最小绝对偏差法可以使得定位精度得到明显改善。
The acoustic emission(AE)3D location is widely used in rock mechanics experiments,and one of its main disadvantages of the current technique is the low accuracy of general algorithms.It is realized that the random error is the dominating factor which influences the accuracy of AE location the most based on an analysis of many algorithms and a check with an artificial AE shock excitation.Therefore,least absolute deviation,which is more robust than least squares especially for Gaussian noise,is selected to reduce the random error. Experimental results show that compared with least squares,least absolute deviation can improve location accuracy effectively considering the existence of several outliers.
The acoustic emission(AE)3D location is widely used in rock mechanics experiments,and one of its main disadvantages of the current technique is the low accuracy of general algorithms.It is realized that the random error is the dominating factor which influences the accuracy of AE location the most based on an analysis of many algorithms and a check with an artificial AE shock excitation.Therefore,least absolute deviation,which is more robust than least squares especially for Gaussian noise,is selected to reduce the random error. Experimental results show that compared with least squares,least absolute deviation can improve location accuracy effectively considering the existence of several outliers.
引文
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[16]刘培洵,刘力强,陈顺云,等.实验室声发射三维定位软件[J].地震地质,2007,29(3):674–679.(LIU Peixun,LIU Liqiang,CHEN Shunyun,et al.Software for three dimensional location of acoustic emission in laboratory[J].Seismology and Geology,2007,29(3):674–679.(in Chinese))
[2]郭彦双,黄凯珠,朱维申,等.辉长岩中张开型表面裂隙破裂模式研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(3):525–531.(GUO Yanshuang,WONG R H C,ZHU Weishen,et al.Study on fracture pattern of open surface-flaw in gabbro[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(3):525–531.(in Chinese))
[3]雷兴林,马瑾,南濑勤一郎,等.三轴压缩下粗晶花岗闪长岩声发射三维分布及其分形特征[J].地震地质,1991,13(2):107–114.(LEI Xinglin,MA Jin,KUSUNOSE K,et al.Spatial distribution and fractal structure of AE focuses of Inada granite under triaxial compression[J].Seismology and Geology,1991,13(2):107–114.(in Chinese))
[4]马胜利,雷兴林,刘力强.标本非均匀性对岩石变形声发射时空分布的影响及其地震学意义[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(1):127–131.(MA Shengli,LEI Xinglin,LIU Liqiang.Effects of heterogeneity in rock samples on spatial and temporal distribution of acoustic emission and their significance in seismology[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(1):127–131.(in Chinese))
[5]刘力强.实验室声发射到时数据定位处理方法[J].华北地震科学,1986,4(3):31–42.(LIU Liqiang.Locating acoustic emission in laboratory—mathematical analysis of arrival time[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,1986,4(3):31–42.(in Chinese))
[6]雷兴林,马瑾.岩石声发射三维定位及波速场联合反演[C]//全国第二届构造物理学术讨论会文集.北京:地震出版社,1990:186–195.(LEI Xinglin,MA Jin.Simultaneous inversion of three-dimensional location of acoustic emission and velocity structure of rock sample in laboratory[C]//Proceedings of the2nd Symposium on Tectonophysics in China.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1990:186–195.(in Chinese))
[7]蒋海昆,张流,王琦.实验室声发射三维定位及标本波速场各向异性研究[J].地震,1999,19(3):245–252.(JIANG Haikun,ZHANG Liu,WANG Qi.3D location of acoustic emission and studyon the anisotropic velocity structure in the sample[J].Earthquake,1999,19(3):245–252.(in Chinese))
[8]巴晶,刘力强,马胜利.岩石力学实验中的声发射源定位技术[J].无损检测,2004,26(7):342–347,366.(BAJing,LIU Liqiang,MA Shengli.A summary on acoustic emission source location methods in rock mechanics experiment[J].Nondestructive Testing,2004,26(7):342–347,366(in Chinese))
[9]赵仲和.地震自动定位的综合解决方案[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2005,26(1):50–56.(ZHAO Zhonghe.A comprehensive solution for automated earthquake location[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,2005,26(1):50–56.(in Chinese))
[10]赵兴东,唐春安,李元辉,等.花岗岩破裂全过程的声发射特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3673–3678.(ZHAO Xingdong,TANG Chun′an,LI Yuanhui,et al.Study on AE activity characteristics under uniaxial compression loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):3673–3678.(in Chinese))
[11]田玥,陈晓非.地震定位研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):147–154.(TIAN Yue,CHEN Xiaofei.Review of seismic location study[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(1):147–154.(in Chinese))
[12]WALDHAUSER F,ELLSWORTH W L.A double difference earthquake location algorithm:method and application to the Northern Hayward Fault,California[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2000,90(6):1353–1368.
[13]胡新亮,马胜利,高景春,等.相对定位方法在非完整岩体声发射定位中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2):277–283.(HU Xinliang,MA Shengli,GAO Jingchun,et al.Location of acoustic emissions in non-integral rock using relative locating method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):277–283.(in Chinese))
[14]王述红,张亚兵,张楠,等.各向异性岩体破坏过程声发射测量及其定位实验研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(7):1033–1036.(WANG Shuhong,ZHANG Yabing,ZHANG Nan,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission measurement and source location for anisotropic rock failure process[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2007,28(7):1033–1036.(in Chinese))
[15]陈忠琏.稳健统计(I)[J].数理统计与管理,1992,11(1):56–62.(CHEN Zhonglian.Robust statistics(I)[J].Application of Statistics and Management,1992,11(1):56–62.(in Chinese))
[16]刘培洵,刘力强,陈顺云,等.实验室声发射三维定位软件[J].地震地质,2007,29(3):674–679.(LIU Peixun,LIU Liqiang,CHEN Shunyun,et al.Software for three dimensional location of acoustic emission in laboratory[J].Seismology and Geology,2007,29(3):674–679.(in Chinese))
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