混凝土高坝强震震例分析和启迪
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摘要
强震作用下的高坝抗震安全性广受关注。但迄今坝址的地震动输入却仍有较多不确定因素,且高坝的地震响应也相当复杂。对经受强震作用的高坝震害的现场详尽调查和深入分析研究,对改进现行抗震设计理念和推动高坝抗震安全的研究极为重要。本文对全球经受过Ⅷ度以上强震的百米以上混凝土高坝的震害实例进行了较详尽的分析研究,其中包括在中国发生的汶川大地震中对沙牌碾压混凝土拱坝和宝珠寺混凝土重力坝震害的初步调研分析,探讨了从这些震害实例中得到的启迪。
The seismic damages of concrete gravity and arch dams higher than 100m in the world,subjected to strong earthquake with intensity higher than VIII degree,are investigated and analyzed.Among these dams the Saipai roller-compacted arch dam and the Baozhusi concrete gravity dam are damaged in the recent Wenchuan devastating earthquake in China.It is found that the aseismic resistance performance of concrete dams is closely related to the design and construction of dam.The geology conditions and geographical conditions are important factors in analyze the cause of damage and evaluate the safety of dam using analogism method to compare the examples.Since both the earthquake action and aseismic resistance of dam are very complicated and the amount of existing damage examples is rarely,especially for the dams higher than 200m,the problem of ensuring the safety of high dam is a serious challenge to face with in China.Some lessons learnt from these damage events are discussed.
The seismic damages of concrete gravity and arch dams higher than 100m in the world,subjected to strong earthquake with intensity higher than VIII degree,are investigated and analyzed.Among these dams the Saipai roller-compacted arch dam and the Baozhusi concrete gravity dam are damaged in the recent Wenchuan devastating earthquake in China.It is found that the aseismic resistance performance of concrete dams is closely related to the design and construction of dam.The geology conditions and geographical conditions are important factors in analyze the cause of damage and evaluate the safety of dam using analogism method to compare the examples.Since both the earthquake action and aseismic resistance of dam are very complicated and the amount of existing damage examples is rarely,especially for the dams higher than 200m,the problem of ensuring the safety of high dam is a serious challenge to face with in China.Some lessons learnt from these damage events are discussed.
引文
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[3]Indermaur W,Brenner P R,Arasteh T.The effects of the 1990 Manjil Earthquake on Sefid Rud Buttress Dam,DamEngineering[J].Vol.Ⅱ,Issue 4:275-305.
[4]RamPSharma,Brain TSasaki.Rehabilitation of Earthquake-Shaken Pacoima Arch Dam,Q51[M].ICOLD16thCongresson Large Dams.Lausanne:1985.
[5]RamP Sharma,Harry EJackson,Sree Kumar.effects of the January 17,1994 Northridge Earthqiake on Pacoima ArchDamand Interim Remedial Repairs,Q75[M].ICOLD20thCongress on Large Dams.Florence:1997.
[6]California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program(CSMIP),Fourth Quick Report on CSMIP,Report OSMS 94-04[M].strong-Motion Data fromthe Northridge/San Fernando Valley Earthquake of January 17,1994.
[7]台湾电力公司.九二一集集大地震德基坝特别检查成果报告[R].台北:中兴工程顾问股份有限公司,1999.
[8]汝乃华,姜忠胜.大坝事故与安全.拱坝[M].北京:中国水利电力出版社,1995.
[9]Jean Proulx,Georges R Darbre,Nathalie Kamileris.Analytical and Exprimental Investigation of Damping in Arch DamsBased on Recorded Earthquakes,Pape No.68[M].13thWorld COnference on Earthquake Engineering.Vancouver,B.C.Canada:2004.
[10]Martin Wieland,Martin Aemmer,Roland Ruoss.The 249m High Arch Damin Turkey and Its Seismic and HydrologicalDesign Aspects[M].Plyry Energy Ltd.Hardturmstrasse 161,CH-8037 Zurich,Switzerland.
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