海上地震资料零相位化处理技术研究
详细信息 本馆镜像全文    |  推荐本文 | | 获取馆网全文
摘要
在海洋地震资料采集中,气枪震源子波接近最小相位子波,反射信号的峰值点并不代表地下反射界面,需要进行相位处理。传统的最小相位化处理技术不能彻底消除相位对资料的影响,传统反褶积方法从地震资料中提取零相位化算子并对资料进行零相位化处理技术,由于提取算子的不稳定性,很难得到满意的处理效果。为此,探讨了采用震源模拟子波、远场实测子波和海底提取子波求取零相位化算子并对地震资料进行零相位化处理的技术。首先分析了非零相位处理对后续高分辨率处理和解释标定的影响;然后讨论了海洋地震资料子波的获取方式,阐明了在深水、浅水两种条件下如何利用不同子波进行零相位化算子求取和应用;最后以海洋资料处理为例,证实了深、浅水资料零相位化处理技术的可靠性。
In marine seismic data acquisition,the wavelet of airgun source is close to minimum phase wavelet.As we all know,the peak of the reflection isn't represent the impedance interface,therefore,phase processing is necessary.Conventional minimum phase processing technique cannot thoroughly remove the impact of phase on the seismic data.Meanwhile,conventional deconvolution extracts zero-phasing operator and carry out zero-phase processing on the data,and it is hard to obtain satisfactory processing results because of the unstable operator.Therefore,the zero-phasing processing technique was studied based on the zero-phasing operators derived from source simulated wavelet,far field measured wavelet and sea bottom extracted wavelet to implement zero-phase processing.Firstly,the influence of non-zero-phase processing on subsequent high-resolution processing and calibration was analyzed.Then,the methods of wavelet extraction were discussed and elaborated how to use different wavelet in zero-phase operator extraction and application in shallow water and deep water.The application results on shallow and deep water seismic data verified that this method could get reliable zero-phase seismic data.
引文
[1]苏贵仕,沈克非,丁学垠.地震数据处理中关于地震子波相位特性的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊2):121-124 Su G S,Shen K F,Ding X Y.Discussion on phase character of seismic wavelet in seismic data process-ing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(S2):121-124
    [2]陈孝格.海上气枪震源地震子波研究的进展[J].中国海上油气,1994,8(1):60-65 Chen X G.Progress of seismic wavelet study for ma-rine air gun source[J].China offshore oil and gas(geology),1994,8(1):60-65
    [3]吕景英,蒋进勇.地震子波零相位化改造的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(2):121-123 Lu J Y,Jiang J Y.The appl ication of seismic wave-let zero-phasing[J].Progress in Exploration Geo-physics,2003,26(2):121-123
    [4]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:1-189 Yu S P.high-resolution seismic prospecting[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industy Press,1993:1-189
    [5]刘金俊,王修田,刘怀山.子波零相位化、反褶积与地震记录分辨率的关系[J].海洋地质前沿,2000,16(4):5-8 Liu J J,Wang X T,Liu H S.The relationship be-tween seismic resolution and deconvolution[J].Ma-rine Geology Frontiers,2000,16(4):5-8
    [6]杨怀春,高生军.海洋地震勘探中空气枪震源激发特性研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):323-326 Yang H C,Gao S J.The signatures of seismic wave-let excited by air guns in marine seismic survey[J].Geophysical Prospecting for petroleum,2004,43(4):323-326
    [7]Landro M.Modeling of GI gun signatures[J].Geo-physics Prospecting,1992,40(7):721-747
    [8]Chen H L,Ni C Z.Simulation and application of far-field wavelet for air gun array[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2008,43(6):623-625
    [9]Keller J B,Kolodner I I.Damping of underwater ex-plosion bubble oscillations[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1956,27(10):1152-1161
    [10]Ziolkowski A,Parks G,Hatton L,et al.The signa-ture of an air-gun array:computation from near-field measurements including interactions[J].Geophys-ics,1982,47(10):1413-1421
    [11]Ziolkowski A,Johnston J.Computation of far-field air gun signatures from gun-mounted pressure meas-urements[J].Expanded Abstracts of66 th Annual In-ternat SEG Mtg,1996,13-16
    [12]陈浩林,全海燕,刘军,等.基于近场测量的气枪阵列模拟远场子波[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):703-707 Chen H L,Quan H Y,Liu Jun,et al.Simulation of far-field wavelet based on near-field measuring gun-array[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(6):703-707
    [13]倪成洲,陈浩林,牛宏轩.基于近场测量气枪阵列远场子波模拟软件研发[J].物探装备,2008,18(1):11-17 Ni C Z,Chen H L,Niu H X.Development of soft-ware based on near-field measurement of airgun ar-ray for simulation of far-field wavelet[J].Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting,2008,18(1):11-17
    [14]Johnson D T.Understanding air-gun bubble behav-ior[J].Geophysics,1994,59(11):1729-1734
    [15]Ziolkowski A.Measurement of air-gun bubble oscil-lations[J].Geophysics,1998,63(6):2009-2024

版权所有:© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心