我国规范液化分析方法的发展设想
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摘要
通过分析我国地震形势、液化震害潜在威胁以及震害防御工作现状,阐明了我国发展液化分析方法的客观需求,简要评述了我国规范中现有液化判别方法,总结了我国近来两次大地震液化考察经验,提出了与规范修订相关的研究设想。通过我国地震安全性评价工作的发展现状以及我国大陆地震重点监视区与第四纪沉积分布性态分析,说明了我国发展液化分析方法的必要性和紧迫性。根据2003年新疆巴楚地震和2008年汶川大地震中液化震害考察结果,比较我国规范现状,提出了与未来规范的完善和发展相关的10个研究课题,包括:液化对设计谱的影响、特殊土类液化判定标准、区域性的液化判别标准、场地液化概率评价、基于液化土层PGD的结构物损害估计、液化引起地裂缝的生成条件、基于剪切波速的液化判别方法、VI度区内场地液化及危害性判定、深层土液化判定以及场地液化的现场判定和识别技术。
Through analyzing Chinese seismicity situation,potential liquefaction risk and seismic mitigation techniques,the objective demand for liquefaction analytical methods is elucidated.Meanwhile,the existing liquefaction evaluating methods in Chinese seismic design codes are succinctly reviewed.Liquefaction investigation experience in the recent disastrous events is outlined and research ideas for modifying the provisions concerning on liquefaction in Chinese seismic design codes are proposed.By means of reviewing the seismic hazard assessment methods in China and analyzing key seismic observation areas and Quaternary deposit distribution,the necessity and urgency for developing liquefaction analytical methods are demonstrated.According to liquefaction investigation of 2003 Bachu earthquake in Xinjiang and 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake and comparing the liquefaction provisions in Chinese seismic design codes,ten research topics on improving and modifying the future liquefaction provisions in Chinese seismic design codes are proposed,including influence of liquefaction on the design response spectra;liquefaction evaluation methods of special soil categories;regional liquefaction evaluation norms;possibility evaluation techniques of site liquefaction;structural damage assessment based on PGD on liquefied sites;generating conditions for liquefaction-induced ground fissures;shear-wave-velocity based liquefaction evaluation methods;site liquefaction and risk assessment in seismic intensity VI;deep soil liquefaction evaluation methods and site liquefaction in-situ evaluation and detecting techniques.
Through analyzing Chinese seismicity situation,potential liquefaction risk and seismic mitigation techniques,the objective demand for liquefaction analytical methods is elucidated.Meanwhile,the existing liquefaction evaluating methods in Chinese seismic design codes are succinctly reviewed.Liquefaction investigation experience in the recent disastrous events is outlined and research ideas for modifying the provisions concerning on liquefaction in Chinese seismic design codes are proposed.By means of reviewing the seismic hazard assessment methods in China and analyzing key seismic observation areas and Quaternary deposit distribution,the necessity and urgency for developing liquefaction analytical methods are demonstrated.According to liquefaction investigation of 2003 Bachu earthquake in Xinjiang and 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake and comparing the liquefaction provisions in Chinese seismic design codes,ten research topics on improving and modifying the future liquefaction provisions in Chinese seismic design codes are proposed,including influence of liquefaction on the design response spectra;liquefaction evaluation methods of special soil categories;regional liquefaction evaluation norms;possibility evaluation techniques of site liquefaction;structural damage assessment based on PGD on liquefied sites;generating conditions for liquefaction-induced ground fissures;shear-wave-velocity based liquefaction evaluation methods;site liquefaction and risk assessment in seismic intensity VI;deep soil liquefaction evaluation methods and site liquefaction in-situ evaluation and detecting techniques.
引文
[1]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.
[2]中国科学院工程力学研究所.海城地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.
[3]YOUD T L,STEIDEL J H,NIGBOR R L.Lessonslearned and need for instrumented liquefaction sites[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2004,24(9):639-646.
[4]孙锐,袁晓铭.第11届国际地动力学和地震工程会议及第13届世界地震工程会议砂土液化研究综述[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(1):15-20.SUN Rui,YUAN Xiao-ming.Summarization ofearthquake liquefaction on 13th WCEE and 11th SDEE[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2006,22(1):15-20.
[5]陈国兴,胡庆兴,刘雪珠.关于砂土液化判别的若干意见[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(1):141-151.CHEN Guo-xing,HU Qing-xing,LIU Xue-zhu.Somecomments on methodologies for estimating liquefactionof sand soils[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2002,22(1):141-151.
[6]廖振鹏.地震小区划(理论与实践)[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.
[7]中华人民共和国住房与城乡建设部GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[8]辛鸿博,周锡元.关于软弱粉质黏土地震液化或震陷的判别标准[J].世界地震工程,2011,27(1):153-156.XIN Hong-bo,ZHOU Xi-yuan.On liquefaction criteria oflow plasticity fine soils[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,2011,27(1):153-156.
[9]石兆吉,郁寿松,丰万玲.土壤液化式的剪切波速判别方法[J].岩土工程学报,1993,15(1):74-80.SHI Zhao-ji,YU Shou-song,FENG Wan-ling.Shearwave velocity based soil liquefaction evaluation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,15(1):74-80.
[10]丁伯阳,张树清,李藩文.适合西北地区的Vs波预测砂土液化势公式[C]//第三届全国土动力学学术会议论文集.上海:同济大学出版社,1990.
[11]ANDRUS R D,STOKOE K H.Liquefaction resistance ofsoils from shear-wave velocity[J].Journal ofGeotechnical and Geoenviromental Engineering,ASCE,2000,126(11):1015-1025.
[12]蔡国军,刘松玉,童立元,等.触探测试的国内外砂土液化判别方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1020-1027.CAI Guo-jun,LIU Song-yu TONG Li-yuan,et al.Evaluation of liquefaction of sandy soils based on conepenetration test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2008,27(5):1020-1027.
[13]袁晓铭,曹振中.汶川大地震液化的特点及带来的新问题[J].世界地震工程,2011,27(1):1-8.YUAN Xiao-ming,CAO Zhen-zhong.Features and newaspects of liquefaction in the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2011,27(1):1-8.
[14]袁晓铭,曹振中,孙锐,等.汶川8.0级地震液化特征初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1288-1296.YUAN Xiao-ming,CAO Zhen-zhong,SUN Rui,et al.Preliminary research on liquefaction characteristics ofWenchuan 8.0 Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1288-1296.
[15]曹振中,袁晓铭,陈龙伟,等.汶川大地震液化宏观现象概述[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):645-650.CAO Zhen-zhong,YUAN Xiao-ming,CHEN Long-wei,et al.Summary of liquefaction macrophenomena in thegreat Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):645-650.
[16]符圣聪,江静贝.关于建立新的液化判别标准的建议[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2005,27(2):61-66.FU Sheng-cong,JIANG Jing-bei.Suggestion ofestablishing a new liquefaction criterion in China[J].Earthquake and Retrofitting,2005,27(2):61-66.
[2]中国科学院工程力学研究所.海城地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.
[3]YOUD T L,STEIDEL J H,NIGBOR R L.Lessonslearned and need for instrumented liquefaction sites[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2004,24(9):639-646.
[4]孙锐,袁晓铭.第11届国际地动力学和地震工程会议及第13届世界地震工程会议砂土液化研究综述[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(1):15-20.SUN Rui,YUAN Xiao-ming.Summarization ofearthquake liquefaction on 13th WCEE and 11th SDEE[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2006,22(1):15-20.
[5]陈国兴,胡庆兴,刘雪珠.关于砂土液化判别的若干意见[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(1):141-151.CHEN Guo-xing,HU Qing-xing,LIU Xue-zhu.Somecomments on methodologies for estimating liquefactionof sand soils[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2002,22(1):141-151.
[6]廖振鹏.地震小区划(理论与实践)[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.
[7]中华人民共和国住房与城乡建设部GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[8]辛鸿博,周锡元.关于软弱粉质黏土地震液化或震陷的判别标准[J].世界地震工程,2011,27(1):153-156.XIN Hong-bo,ZHOU Xi-yuan.On liquefaction criteria oflow plasticity fine soils[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,2011,27(1):153-156.
[9]石兆吉,郁寿松,丰万玲.土壤液化式的剪切波速判别方法[J].岩土工程学报,1993,15(1):74-80.SHI Zhao-ji,YU Shou-song,FENG Wan-ling.Shearwave velocity based soil liquefaction evaluation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,15(1):74-80.
[10]丁伯阳,张树清,李藩文.适合西北地区的Vs波预测砂土液化势公式[C]//第三届全国土动力学学术会议论文集.上海:同济大学出版社,1990.
[11]ANDRUS R D,STOKOE K H.Liquefaction resistance ofsoils from shear-wave velocity[J].Journal ofGeotechnical and Geoenviromental Engineering,ASCE,2000,126(11):1015-1025.
[12]蔡国军,刘松玉,童立元,等.触探测试的国内外砂土液化判别方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1020-1027.CAI Guo-jun,LIU Song-yu TONG Li-yuan,et al.Evaluation of liquefaction of sandy soils based on conepenetration test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2008,27(5):1020-1027.
[13]袁晓铭,曹振中.汶川大地震液化的特点及带来的新问题[J].世界地震工程,2011,27(1):1-8.YUAN Xiao-ming,CAO Zhen-zhong.Features and newaspects of liquefaction in the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2011,27(1):1-8.
[14]袁晓铭,曹振中,孙锐,等.汶川8.0级地震液化特征初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1288-1296.YUAN Xiao-ming,CAO Zhen-zhong,SUN Rui,et al.Preliminary research on liquefaction characteristics ofWenchuan 8.0 Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1288-1296.
[15]曹振中,袁晓铭,陈龙伟,等.汶川大地震液化宏观现象概述[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):645-650.CAO Zhen-zhong,YUAN Xiao-ming,CHEN Long-wei,et al.Summary of liquefaction macrophenomena in thegreat Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):645-650.
[16]符圣聪,江静贝.关于建立新的液化判别标准的建议[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2005,27(2):61-66.FU Sheng-cong,JIANG Jing-bei.Suggestion ofestablishing a new liquefaction criterion in China[J].Earthquake and Retrofitting,2005,27(2):61-66.
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