利用共偏移距共反射面元叠加提高叠前地震资料质量
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摘要
提出利用部分共偏移距共反射面元(CO CRS)叠加提高稀疏低信噪比叠前地震资料质量。通过多参数的COCRS旅行时公式计算得到部分叠加的CRS超道集,对数据进行规则化,以利于以后的常规处理如速度分析、叠前偏移等。模型试算和实际资料处理结果表明,与原始地震数据相比,对经过部分CO CRS叠加处理后的叠前数据进行偏移,不仅提高了偏移剖面的信噪比,同时改善了同相轴的连续性,获得了较好的成像结果。
A partial common-offset common-reflection-surface(CO CRS) stacking method was developed to enhance the quality of sparse low fold prestack seismic data.A multi-parameter CO CRS traveltime formula was applied to compute partial stacked CRS supergathers,and the data were regularized by filling the gaps in cases of missing traces compared with original CMP gathers.These improved prestack data which can be used in many conventional processing steps including velocity analysis or prestack migration instead of the original data.The model test and practical data processing results show that compared with the image section obtained from the original seismic data,the image section by the application of migration with the prestack data obtained through partial CO CRS stack improves not only the signal-to-noise ratio but also the continuity of reflection event,which has better imaging results.
A partial common-offset common-reflection-surface(CO CRS) stacking method was developed to enhance the quality of sparse low fold prestack seismic data.A multi-parameter CO CRS traveltime formula was applied to compute partial stacked CRS supergathers,and the data were regularized by filling the gaps in cases of missing traces compared with original CMP gathers.These improved prestack data which can be used in many conventional processing steps including velocity analysis or prestack migration instead of the original data.The model test and practical data processing results show that compared with the image section obtained from the original seismic data,the image section by the application of migration with the prestack data obtained through partial CO CRS stack improves not only the signal-to-noise ratio but also the continuity of reflection event,which has better imaging results.
引文
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[15]李栋,李振春,孙小东,等.共偏移距共反射面元叠加方法[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(3):42-46.LI Dong,LI Zhen-chun,SUN Xiao-dong,et al.Com-mon-offset common-reflection-surface stack method[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Nat-ural Science),2011,35(3):42-46.
[16]杨锴,许士勇,王华忠,等.倾角分解共反射面元叠加方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1148-1155.YANG Kai,XU Shi-yong,WANG Hua-zhong,et al.A method of dip decomposition common reflection surface stack[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(5):1148-1155.
[2]STOLT R H.Seismic data mapping and reconstruction[J].Geophysics,2002,67(3):890-908.
[3]FOMEL S.Seismic reflection data interpolation with dif-ferential offset and shot continuation[J].Geophysics,2003,68(2):733-744.
[4]HERRMANN F J,WANG D,HENNENFENT G,et al.Curvelet-based seismic data processing:a multiscale and nonlinear approach[J].Geophysics,2008,73(1):A1-A5.
[5]MLLER T.The common reflection surface stack meth-od:seismic imaging without explicit knowledge of the ve-locity model[D].Karlsruhe:Geophysical Institute,U-niversity of Karlsruhe,1999.
[6]MANN J.Extensions and applications of the common-re-flection-surface stack method[D].Karlsruhe:Geophysi-cal Institute,University of Karlsruhe,2002.
[7]谭未一,杨长春,李瑞忠,等.共反射面元叠加的实现途径及流程[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):325-330.TAN Wei-yi,YANG Chang-chun,LI Rui-zhong,et al.Common reflection surface stack algorithm and processing flow[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(2):325-330.
[8]SUN X D,LI Z C,TENG H H.Common reflection sur-face stack using dip decomposition for rugged surface to-pography[J].Applied Geophysics,2007,4(1):45-50.
[9]吴小羊,刘天佑,魏伟,等.二维菲涅耳带共反射面元叠加方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1892-1898.WU Xiao-yang,LIU Tian-you,WEI Wei,et al.Two di-mensional common reflection surface stack based on the Fresnel zone[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(6):1892-1898.
[10]BAYKULOV M,GAJEWSKI D.Seismic data enhance-ment with Common Reflection Surface(CRS)stack method[C/OL].SEG81th Annual Meeting,Las Ve-gas,Nevada,November9-14,2008:SEG Expanded Abstracts27,2596-2600[2009-12-01].http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3063882.
[11]BAYKULOV M,GAJEWSKI D.Prestack seismic data enhancement with partial common-reflection-surface(CRS)stack[J].Geophysics,2009,74(3):V49-V58.
[12]ZHANG Y,BERGLER S,HUBRAL P.Common-reflec-tion-surface(CRS)stack for common offset[J].Geo-physical Prospecting,2001,49(6):709-718.
[13]BERGLER S.The common-reflection-surface stack for common offset theory and application[D].Karlsruhe:Geophysical Institute,University of Karlsruhe,2001.
[14]STEHT M.Imaging walkaway VSP data using the com-mon-reflection-surface stack[J].The Leading Edge,2007,26(6):764-768.
[15]李栋,李振春,孙小东,等.共偏移距共反射面元叠加方法[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,35(3):42-46.LI Dong,LI Zhen-chun,SUN Xiao-dong,et al.Com-mon-offset common-reflection-surface stack method[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Nat-ural Science),2011,35(3):42-46.
[16]杨锴,许士勇,王华忠,等.倾角分解共反射面元叠加方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1148-1155.YANG Kai,XU Shi-yong,WANG Hua-zhong,et al.A method of dip decomposition common reflection surface stack[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(5):1148-1155.
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