大型地下洞室群地震模拟振动台试验研究(Ⅱ):试验方案设计
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摘要
为了解大型地下洞室群在地震过程中的动态响应特征,以大渡河流域的大岗山水电站大型地下洞室群为原型,开展地震模拟振动台物理模型试验研究。作为国内外首次进行此类振动台试验研究,系统介绍整个试验的方案设计。首先,根据本次试验的目的和特性,给出试验基本简化原则,并对模型体系进行相似设计,按照完全相似模型推导出各物理量的动力相似常数、确定模拟范围、模型尺寸和相似材料配比。然后,对试验边界条件进行设计,确定了作为柔性边界的聚苯乙烯泡沫板的材料和几何参数,制作了用于测量围岩内部应力的应变砖传感器,并介绍模型制作、洞室成型与开挖等工艺步骤;最后,确定试验输入波形,并按相似理论要求进行调整,给出模型试验的加载工况。经后期试验数据的分析,证明试验条件简化合理,模型设计与制作成功。一整套模型设计方法与制作工艺,可供今后类似试验作为参考。
In order to study the dynamic response of the large-scale underground cavern group during earthquakes,the large-scale underground cavern group of the Dagangshan hydropower is selected as the prototype to conduct the shaking table test.Being the first shaking table test on such field of research,the entire design of the experiment is given in detail.Firstly,basic simplified principles of the test,dynamic similar parameters derived by absolute similarity theory,simulation range,model dimensions and similar material ratio are given according to the objects and features of the test.Then,test boundary conditions and measurement system are designed.Polystyrene foam board is used as a flexible boundary and its material and geometric parameters are suggested.Strain brick sensors for measuring the internal stress of the surrounding rock are manufactured.Model making process,cavern forming and excavation are presented.Finally,input waveforms are elected and adjusted according to the similarity theory,and loading subsequence of the model test is given.Test data demonstrate that simplification of test conditions is reasonable,and the design and production of test model are successful,it can provide a guide for similar model designing and making.
In order to study the dynamic response of the large-scale underground cavern group during earthquakes,the large-scale underground cavern group of the Dagangshan hydropower is selected as the prototype to conduct the shaking table test.Being the first shaking table test on such field of research,the entire design of the experiment is given in detail.Firstly,basic simplified principles of the test,dynamic similar parameters derived by absolute similarity theory,simulation range,model dimensions and similar material ratio are given according to the objects and features of the test.Then,test boundary conditions and measurement system are designed.Polystyrene foam board is used as a flexible boundary and its material and geometric parameters are suggested.Strain brick sensors for measuring the internal stress of the surrounding rock are manufactured.Model making process,cavern forming and excavation are presented.Finally,input waveforms are elected and adjusted according to the similarity theory,and loading subsequence of the model test is given.Test data demonstrate that simplification of test conditions is reasonable,and the design and production of test model are successful,it can provide a guide for similar model designing and making.
引文
[1]李海波,朱莅,吕涛,等.考虑地震动空间非一致性的岩体地下洞室群地震反应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1757-1766.LI Hai-bo,ZHU Li,LüTao,et al.Seismic response analysis of an underground cavern group in rock subjected to spatially non-uniform seismic ground motion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1757-1765.
[2]隋斌,朱维申,李晓静.地震荷载作用下大型地下洞室群的动态响应模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(12):1877-1882.SUI Bin,ZHU Wei-shen,LI Xiao-jing.Simulation on dynamic response of large underground opening complex under seismic loads[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(12):1877-1882.
[3]李小军,卢滔.水电站地下厂房洞室群地震反应显式有限元分析[J].水力发电学报,2009,28(5):41-46.LI Xiao-jun,LU Tao.Explicit finite element analysis of earthquake response for underground caverns of hydropower stations[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2009,28(5):41-46.
[4]赵宝友,马震岳,梁冰,等.基于损伤塑性模型的地下洞室结构地震作用分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(5):1515-1521.ZHAO Bao-you,MA Zhen-yue,LIANG Bing,et al.Seismic analysis of underground structures based on damaged plasticity model[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(5):1545-1521.
[5]王如宾,徐卫亚,石崇,等.高地震烈度区岩体地下洞室动力响应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):568-575WANG Ru-bin,XU Wei-ya,SHI Chong,et al.Dynamic response analysis of rock underground caverns in highly seismic region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):568-575.
[6]崔臻,盛谦,刘加进,等.基于小波包的地下洞室群地震响应及其频谱特性研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3901-3906.CUI Zhen,SHENG Qian,LIU Jia-jin,et al.Spectrum characteristics analysis of seismic response for underground houses via wavelet packet[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3525-3530.
[7]张玉敏,盛谦,朱泽奇,等.深度衰减效应对大型地下洞室群强震响应的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(10):3197-3202.ZHANG Yu-min,SHENG Qian,ZHU Ze-qi,et al.Influence of depth attenuation on seismic response of large underground cavern group[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(10):3197-3208.
[8]张玉敏,盛谦,朱泽奇,等.地震作用下大型地下洞室群位移特征的若干影响因素分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3525-3530.ZHANG Yu-min,SHENG Qian,ZHU Ze-qi,et al.Some influence factors on displacement characteristics of cavern group under strong earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3525-3530.
[9]张志国,肖明,陈俊涛.大型地下洞室地震灾变过程三维动力有限元模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(3):509-523.ZHANG Zhi-guo,XIAO Ming,CHEN Jun-tao.Simulation of earthquake disaster process of large-scale underground caverns using three-dimensional dynamic finite element method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(3):509-523.
[10]中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院.四川大渡河大岗山水电站可行性研究报告[R].成都:成都勘测设计研究院,2006.
[11]刘晓敏,盛谦,陈健,等.大型地下洞室群地震模拟振动台试验研究(Ⅰ):岩体相似材料配比试验[J].岩土力学,2015,36(1):83-88.LIU Xiao-min,SHENG Qian,CHEN Jian,et al.Seismic shaking table test for large-scale underground cavern group(Ⅰ):Proportioning test on similar material of surrounding rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(1):83-88.
[12]杨林德,季倩倩,郑永来,等.地铁车站结构振动台试验中模型箱设计的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(1):75-78.YANG Lin-de,JI Qian-qian,ZHENG Yong-lai,et al.Study on design of test box in shaking table test for subway station structure in soft soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(1):75-78.
[13]李育枢,李天斌,王栋,等.黄草坪2#隧道洞口段减震措施的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1128-1136.LI Yu-shu,LI Tian-bin,WANG Dong,et al.Large-scale shaking table test for vibration-absorption measures of portal section of Huangcaoping tunnel No.2[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1128-1136.
[14]伍小平,孙利民,胡世德,等.振动台试验用层状剪切变形土箱的研制[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(7):781-785.WU Xiao-ping,SUN Li-min,HU Shi-de,et al.Development of laminar shear box used in shaking table test[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2002,30(7):781-785.
[15]MEYMAND P J.Shaking table scale model tests of nonlinear soil-pile-superstructure interaction in soft clay[D].Berkeley:University of California,1998.
[16]王海波,涂劲,李德玉.室内动力模型试验中辐射阻尼效应的模拟[J].水利学报,2004,35(2):39-44.WANG Hai-bo,TU Jin,LI De-yu.Simulation of radiational damping of unbounded medium in shaking table test[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,35(2):39-44.
[17]刘晶波,谷音,杜义欣.一致黏弹性人工边界及黏弹性边界单元[J].岩土工程学报,2008,28(9):1070-1075.LIU Jing-bo,GU Yin,DU Yi-xin.Consistent viscous-spring artificial boundaries and viscous-spring boundary elements[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,28(9):1070-1075.
[18]王汉鹏,李术才,郑学芬,等.地质力学模型试验新技术研究进展及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):2765-2771.WANG Han-peng,LI Shu-cai,ZHENG Xue-fen.Geomechanical model test new technology research development and its engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):2765-2771.
[19]陶连金,王沛霖,边金.典型地铁车站结构振动台模型试验[J].北京工业大学学报,2006,32(9):798-801.TAO Lian-jin,WANG Pei-lin,BIAN Jin.A shaking table method on the representative subway station structure[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2006,32(9):798-801.
[20]陈国兴,庄海洋,程绍革,等.土-地铁隧道动力相互作用的大型振动台试验:试验方案设计[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(6):178-183.CHEN Guo-xing,ZHUANG Hai-yang,CHENG Shao-ge,et al.A large-scale shaking table test for dynamic soil-metro tunnel interaction:Test scheme[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(6):178-183.
[21]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,28(3):624-632.XU Guang-xing,YAO Ling-kan,GAO Zhao-ning,et al.Large-scale shaking table model tests on dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,28(3):624-632.
[22]王海波,李德玉,陈厚群.拱坝振动台动力破坏试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(7):109-118.WANG Hai-bo,LI De-yu,CHEN Hou-qun.Experimental study on the dynamic failure of arch dams using a shaking table[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(7):109-118.
[23]魏琏,谢君斐.中国工程抗震研究四十年(1949-1989)[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.
[2]隋斌,朱维申,李晓静.地震荷载作用下大型地下洞室群的动态响应模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(12):1877-1882.SUI Bin,ZHU Wei-shen,LI Xiao-jing.Simulation on dynamic response of large underground opening complex under seismic loads[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(12):1877-1882.
[3]李小军,卢滔.水电站地下厂房洞室群地震反应显式有限元分析[J].水力发电学报,2009,28(5):41-46.LI Xiao-jun,LU Tao.Explicit finite element analysis of earthquake response for underground caverns of hydropower stations[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2009,28(5):41-46.
[4]赵宝友,马震岳,梁冰,等.基于损伤塑性模型的地下洞室结构地震作用分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(5):1515-1521.ZHAO Bao-you,MA Zhen-yue,LIANG Bing,et al.Seismic analysis of underground structures based on damaged plasticity model[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(5):1545-1521.
[5]王如宾,徐卫亚,石崇,等.高地震烈度区岩体地下洞室动力响应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):568-575WANG Ru-bin,XU Wei-ya,SHI Chong,et al.Dynamic response analysis of rock underground caverns in highly seismic region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):568-575.
[6]崔臻,盛谦,刘加进,等.基于小波包的地下洞室群地震响应及其频谱特性研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3901-3906.CUI Zhen,SHENG Qian,LIU Jia-jin,et al.Spectrum characteristics analysis of seismic response for underground houses via wavelet packet[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(12):3525-3530.
[7]张玉敏,盛谦,朱泽奇,等.深度衰减效应对大型地下洞室群强震响应的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(10):3197-3202.ZHANG Yu-min,SHENG Qian,ZHU Ze-qi,et al.Influence of depth attenuation on seismic response of large underground cavern group[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(10):3197-3208.
[8]张玉敏,盛谦,朱泽奇,等.地震作用下大型地下洞室群位移特征的若干影响因素分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(11):3525-3530.ZHANG Yu-min,SHENG Qian,ZHU Ze-qi,et al.Some influence factors on displacement characteristics of cavern group under strong earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(11):3525-3530.
[9]张志国,肖明,陈俊涛.大型地下洞室地震灾变过程三维动力有限元模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(3):509-523.ZHANG Zhi-guo,XIAO Ming,CHEN Jun-tao.Simulation of earthquake disaster process of large-scale underground caverns using three-dimensional dynamic finite element method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(3):509-523.
[10]中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院.四川大渡河大岗山水电站可行性研究报告[R].成都:成都勘测设计研究院,2006.
[11]刘晓敏,盛谦,陈健,等.大型地下洞室群地震模拟振动台试验研究(Ⅰ):岩体相似材料配比试验[J].岩土力学,2015,36(1):83-88.LIU Xiao-min,SHENG Qian,CHEN Jian,et al.Seismic shaking table test for large-scale underground cavern group(Ⅰ):Proportioning test on similar material of surrounding rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(1):83-88.
[12]杨林德,季倩倩,郑永来,等.地铁车站结构振动台试验中模型箱设计的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(1):75-78.YANG Lin-de,JI Qian-qian,ZHENG Yong-lai,et al.Study on design of test box in shaking table test for subway station structure in soft soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(1):75-78.
[13]李育枢,李天斌,王栋,等.黄草坪2#隧道洞口段减震措施的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1128-1136.LI Yu-shu,LI Tian-bin,WANG Dong,et al.Large-scale shaking table test for vibration-absorption measures of portal section of Huangcaoping tunnel No.2[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1128-1136.
[14]伍小平,孙利民,胡世德,等.振动台试验用层状剪切变形土箱的研制[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(7):781-785.WU Xiao-ping,SUN Li-min,HU Shi-de,et al.Development of laminar shear box used in shaking table test[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2002,30(7):781-785.
[15]MEYMAND P J.Shaking table scale model tests of nonlinear soil-pile-superstructure interaction in soft clay[D].Berkeley:University of California,1998.
[16]王海波,涂劲,李德玉.室内动力模型试验中辐射阻尼效应的模拟[J].水利学报,2004,35(2):39-44.WANG Hai-bo,TU Jin,LI De-yu.Simulation of radiational damping of unbounded medium in shaking table test[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2004,35(2):39-44.
[17]刘晶波,谷音,杜义欣.一致黏弹性人工边界及黏弹性边界单元[J].岩土工程学报,2008,28(9):1070-1075.LIU Jing-bo,GU Yin,DU Yi-xin.Consistent viscous-spring artificial boundaries and viscous-spring boundary elements[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,28(9):1070-1075.
[18]王汉鹏,李术才,郑学芬,等.地质力学模型试验新技术研究进展及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):2765-2771.WANG Han-peng,LI Shu-cai,ZHENG Xue-fen.Geomechanical model test new technology research development and its engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.1):2765-2771.
[19]陶连金,王沛霖,边金.典型地铁车站结构振动台模型试验[J].北京工业大学学报,2006,32(9):798-801.TAO Lian-jin,WANG Pei-lin,BIAN Jin.A shaking table method on the representative subway station structure[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2006,32(9):798-801.
[20]陈国兴,庄海洋,程绍革,等.土-地铁隧道动力相互作用的大型振动台试验:试验方案设计[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(6):178-183.CHEN Guo-xing,ZHUANG Hai-yang,CHENG Shao-ge,et al.A large-scale shaking table test for dynamic soil-metro tunnel interaction:Test scheme[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(6):178-183.
[21]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,28(3):624-632.XU Guang-xing,YAO Ling-kan,GAO Zhao-ning,et al.Large-scale shaking table model tests on dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,28(3):624-632.
[22]王海波,李德玉,陈厚群.拱坝振动台动力破坏试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(7):109-118.WANG Hai-bo,LI De-yu,CHEN Hou-qun.Experimental study on the dynamic failure of arch dams using a shaking table[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(7):109-118.
[23]魏琏,谢君斐.中国工程抗震研究四十年(1949-1989)[M].北京:地震出版社,1989.
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