饱和黄土地震液化研究进展
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摘要
对目前国内外黄土地震液化领域的主要研究进展进行了总结分析,并对进一步的研究提出了相应的建议。基于不同的试验手段,从动变形特性和动孔隙水压力特性两个方面,说明了动荷载作用下饱和黄土的液化特性。较为系统的总结了饱和黄土地震液化的机理及液化-滑移的产生机制。总结分析了基于室内试验和现场原位测试的饱和黄土地震液化判别方法和地基抗液化处理技术。总结未来饱和黄土地震液化研究的主要方向是:(1)运用先进的试验手段开展饱和黄土地震液化特性研究;(2)考虑地震作用的复杂性和黄土物性参数的耦合作用,深入探讨饱和黄土地震液化机理;(3)通过工程实践,提出具有普适性的饱和黄土场地地震液化判别的标准化方法。
The research progress of the loess seismic liquefaction were analyzed,and the proposals for further study were offered. Based on different test methods,the liquefaction characteristics of saturated loess were described from two aspects as dynamic deformation behavior and pore water pressure behavior. The mechanism of loess seismic liquefaction and slop caused by loess liquefaction were summarized systematically. Moreover,the method for loess seismic liquefaction estimation and anti-liquefaction treatment of loess foundation were commented. It shows that the major research directions of the loess seismic liquefaction for further study are:( 1) more researches relate to the liquefaction characteristics of saturated loess should be further developed based on advanced test methods.( 2) The mechanism of loess seismic liquefaction should be discussed further by considering the complexities of seismic and the coupled effect of the physical indicators of loess.( 3) The method for loess seismic liquefaction estimation which can commonly use in loess region should be provided according to more engineering practices.
The research progress of the loess seismic liquefaction were analyzed,and the proposals for further study were offered. Based on different test methods,the liquefaction characteristics of saturated loess were described from two aspects as dynamic deformation behavior and pore water pressure behavior. The mechanism of loess seismic liquefaction and slop caused by loess liquefaction were summarized systematically. Moreover,the method for loess seismic liquefaction estimation and anti-liquefaction treatment of loess foundation were commented. It shows that the major research directions of the loess seismic liquefaction for further study are:( 1) more researches relate to the liquefaction characteristics of saturated loess should be further developed based on advanced test methods.( 2) The mechanism of loess seismic liquefaction should be discussed further by considering the complexities of seismic and the coupled effect of the physical indicators of loess.( 3) The method for loess seismic liquefaction estimation which can commonly use in loess region should be provided according to more engineering practices.
引文
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[29]王兰民,袁中夏,汪国烈,等.饱和黄土场地液化的工程初判和详判指标与方法研究[J].地震工程学报,2013,35(1):1-8.WANG Lanmin,YUAN Zhongxia,WANG Guolie,et,al.Study on method for preliminary and detailed evaluation on liquefaction of loess site[J].China earthquake engineering journal,2013,35(1):1-8.(in chinese)
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[31]DB62/T25-3055-2011,甘肃省建筑抗震设计规程[S].兰州:甘肃省建筑科技专家委员会,2011.DB62/T25-3055-2011 Code of Seismic Design of Buildings in Gansu Province[S].Committee of experts on Architectural Technology of Gansu province,2011.
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[2]Ishihara K,Okusa S,Oyagi N,et al.Liquefaction-induced flow slide in the collapsible loess deposit in soviet Tajik[J].Soils and Foundations,1990,30(4):73-89.
[3]白铭学,张苏民.高烈度地震时黄土地层的液化滑移[J].工程勘察,1990,20(6):1-5.BAI Mingxue,ZHANG Sumin.Loess liquefaction flow in high intensity earthquake[J].Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying,1990(6):1-5.(in Chinese)
[4]王谦,王兰民,袁中夏,等.汶川地震中甘肃清水田川黄土液化的试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(2):116-120.WANG Qian,WANG Lanmin,YUAN Zhongxia,et al.A study of loess liquefaction induced by the Wenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake in Tianchuan,Qingshui County,Gansu Province[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(2):116-120.(in Chinese)
[5]徐舜华,吴志坚,孙军杰,等.岷县漳县6.6级地震典型滑坡特征及其诱发机制[J].地震工程学报,2013,35(3):471-476.XU Shunhua,WU Zhijian,SUN Junjie,et al.Study of the characteristics and inducing mechanism of typical earthquake landslides of the MinxianZhangxian Ms6.6 earthquake[J].China earthquake engineering journal,2013,35(3):471-476.(in chinese)
[6]王兰民,刘红玫,李兰,等.饱和黄土液化机理与特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):89-94.WANG Lanmin,LIU Hongmei,LI Lan.Laboratory study on the mechanism and behaviors of saturated loess liquefaction[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(1):89~94.(in Chinese)
[7]孙海妹.兰州黄土液化特性的试验研究[D].甘肃:中国地震局兰州地震研究所,2008.SUN Haimei.Experimental study on liquefaction characteristics of Lanzhou loess[D].Gansu:Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,2008.(in chinese)
[8]王峻,王兰民,王平,等.不同地区饱和黄土液化特性研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2011,38(5):54-56.WANG Jun,WANG Lanmin,WANG Ping,et al.Study on liquefaction characters of saturated loess in different regions[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2011,38(5):54-56.(in Chinese)
[9]WANG Qian,WANG Lanmin,WANG Jun,et al.Laboratory study on the liquefaction properties of the saturation structural loess[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2012,(170-173):1339-1343.
[10]Puri V K.Liquefaction behavior and dynamic properties of loessial(silty)soils[D].Missouri:University of Missouri-Rolla,1984.
[11]WANG Lanmin,HE Kaiming,SHI Yucheng,et al.Study on liquefaction of saturated loess by in-situ explosion test[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,1(1):50-56.
[12]刘公社,巫志辉.动荷载下饱和黄土孔压演化规律及其在地基动力分析中的应用[J].工业建筑,1994(3):40-44.LIU Gongshe,WU Zhihui.The varying regularity of pore pressure of saturation loess under dynamic load and its application to dynamic analysis in foundation[J].Industrial Construction,1994(3):40-44.(in Chinese)
[13]刘汉龙,佘跃心,王兰民.强夯黄土地基液化试验研究[A].土动力学与岩土地震工程[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002:218-223.LIU Hanlong,SHE Yuexin,WANG Lanmin.Liquefaction experimental research of dynamic compacted loess foundation[A].Soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering[C].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2002:218-223.(in Chinese)
[14]佘跃心,刘汉龙,高玉峰.饱和黄土孔压增长模式与液化机理的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(4):395-399.SHE Yuexin,LIU Hanlong,GAO Yufeng.Study on liquefaction mechanism and pore eater pressure mode of daturated original loess[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(4):395-399.(in chinese)
[15]胡伟,韩建刚.结构性饱和黄土动力特性试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(5):648-655.HU Wei,HAN Jiangang.Laboratory testing study of dynamic properties of saturated loess for effect of its internal structure[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(5):648-655.(in chinese)
[16]王谦.饱和黄土液化势的物性指标评价和深度下限研究[D].甘肃:中国地震局兰州地震研究所,2011.WANG Qian.Study on loess liquefaction evaluation based on physical indexes and depth limit[D].Gansu:Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,2008.(in chinese)
[17]Boulanger R.W.,Meyers M.W.,Mejia L.H.and Idriss I.M.Behavior of a fine-grained soil during Loma Prieta earthquake[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal.,1998,35:146-158.
[18]WANG Jun,WANG Qian,WANG Lanmin,et al.Laboratory Study and Evaluation of the Loess Liquefaction under Random Seismic Loading[J].Advanced Material Research,Vols.594-597(2012)pp 1805-1810.
[19]邓龙胜,范文,贺龙鹏.随机地震荷载作用下黄土的液化特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1274-1280.DENG Longsheng,FAN Wen,HE Longpeng.Liquefaction Property of Seismic Loess under Stochastic Load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1274-1280.(in Chinese)
[20]杨振茂,赵成刚,王兰民.黄土与砂土液化特性对比——土液化与减灾防灾[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(11):3-7.YANG Zhenmao,ZHAO Chenggang,WANG Lanmin.Comparison on liquefaction performances between loess and sand—soil liquefaction and prevention of seismic disaster[J].China Safety Science Journal,2004,14(11):3-7.(in Chinese)
[21]刘颖,谢君斐,张克绪,等.砂土震动液化[M].北京:地震出版社,1984.LIU Ying,XIE Junfei,ZHANG Kexu,et al.Sand seismic liquefaction[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1984.(in Chinese)
[22]王家鼎.高速黄土滑坡的一种机理——饱和黄土蠕动液化[J].地质评论,1992,38(6):532-539.WANG Jiading.A Mechanism of High~Speed Loess Landslides—Saturated Loess Creeping Liquefaction[J].Geological Review,1992,38(6):532-539.(in Chinese)
[23]谢定义.黄土力学特性与应用研究的过去、现在与未来[J].地下空间,1999,19(4):273-284.XIE Dingyi.The past,present and future of the research on loess mechanics behavior[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space,1999,19(4):273-284.(in Chinese)
[24]《工程地质手册》编委会.工程地质手册(第3版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992:636-640.
[25]DB62/T25-3037-2006,兰州市区建筑抗震设计规程[S].兰州:甘肃省建筑科技专家委员会,2006.DB62/T25-3037-2006 Code of Seismic Design of Buildings in Lanzhou Urban Area[S].Committee of experts on Architectural Technology of Gansu province,2006.
[26]董林,王峻,夏坤,等.我国标贯液化判别方法对黄土适用性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2012,33(2):209-213.DONG Lin,WANG Jun,XIA Kun,et al.Study on applicability of method for estimating liquefaction in Chinese seismic design code for loess[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2012,33(2):209-213.(in Chinese)
[27]王兰民,石玉成,刘旭,等.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.WANG Lanmin,SHI Yucheng,LIU Xu,et al.Loess dynamics[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1984.(in Chinese)
[28]WANG Ping,WANG Lanmin,WANG Qian,et al.Study on critical shear wave velocity of saturated loess foundation soil liquefaction under different seismic magnitudes action[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,vols.594-597:1720-1726.
[29]王兰民,袁中夏,汪国烈,等.饱和黄土场地液化的工程初判和详判指标与方法研究[J].地震工程学报,2013,35(1):1-8.WANG Lanmin,YUAN Zhongxia,WANG Guolie,et,al.Study on method for preliminary and detailed evaluation on liquefaction of loess site[J].China earthquake engineering journal,2013,35(1):1-8.(in chinese)
[30]GB50011-2010,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.GB50011-2010 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2010.
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