地震海洋学研究进展
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摘要
传统船舶调查获取海洋水体温盐资料的方法在水平方向上分辨率较低,而用反射地震探测海洋水体特性的方法——地震海洋学,能有效提高海水温盐资料在水平方向上的分辨率。概述了近5年来地震海洋学的发展过程,重点介绍了地震海洋学方法在海洋锋面观测、水团边界划分、海洋内波分析、中尺度涡旋等方面的研究成果,以及AVO、全波形反演等反射地震处理方法在海洋水体特性研究中的应用。比较了地震海洋学方法与声层析技术、高频声技术等声学方法应用于海洋水体特性研究的异同。并展望了下一步研究工作的重点:①有关地震反射剖面的各种参数与海洋水体温盐结构物理模型的联系及其定量分析;②以研究海洋水体特性为目标的地震反射剖面的处理方法;③海洋地震调查历史数据的应用。
Thermohaline fine structures are traditionally measured by ship-loaded instruments.This method has a high vertical resolution,but alimited horizontal resolution.The reflection seismic method,which is to study the physical oceanography,can effectively improve the horizontal resolution of thermohaline,so as to understand horizontal variation of thermohaline fine structure,and to provide high resolution basic data for researches in ocean and climatic change,which is called "Seismic Oceanography".The recent progress in development and applications of seismic oceanography in the past five years are summarized in the paper,mainly including observing oceanographic front,imagining water mass boundaries,analyzing ocean internal wave spectra and mesoscale eddies fine structure,as well as the full waveform inversion of reflection seismic data for ocean and amplitude-versus-offset analysis of acoustic reflections for temperature contrasts in the water column.The difference and relation among seismic oceanography,marine acoustical tomography and high frequency technology applying in the physical oceanography is discussed respectively.Future associated research may emphasize the relationship and quantitative analysis between seismic parameters and thermohaline physical model,seismic processing method for studying water column,application of the historical data of marine seismic integration and so on.
Thermohaline fine structures are traditionally measured by ship-loaded instruments.This method has a high vertical resolution,but alimited horizontal resolution.The reflection seismic method,which is to study the physical oceanography,can effectively improve the horizontal resolution of thermohaline,so as to understand horizontal variation of thermohaline fine structure,and to provide high resolution basic data for researches in ocean and climatic change,which is called "Seismic Oceanography".The recent progress in development and applications of seismic oceanography in the past five years are summarized in the paper,mainly including observing oceanographic front,imagining water mass boundaries,analyzing ocean internal wave spectra and mesoscale eddies fine structure,as well as the full waveform inversion of reflection seismic data for ocean and amplitude-versus-offset analysis of acoustic reflections for temperature contrasts in the water column.The difference and relation among seismic oceanography,marine acoustical tomography and high frequency technology applying in the physical oceanography is discussed respectively.Future associated research may emphasize the relationship and quantitative analysis between seismic parameters and thermohaline physical model,seismic processing method for studying water column,application of the historical data of marine seismic integration and so on.
引文
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[26]Seymour J C,Holbrook W S,Schmitt R W.Velocity structure ofa Loop Current eddy using the gradient-current method on a seis-mic section from the Gulf of Mexico[C]∥Eos TransactionsAGU,2006,87(36),Ocean Sciences Meeting Supplement,Ab-stract OS13I-05.
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[28]Huthnance J,Alvarado R,Ambar I,et al.Gulf of Cadiz ocea-nography for comparison with seismic image[C]∥EGU,2008,10:EGU2008-A-03530.
[29]Klaeschen D,Papenberg C,Krahmann G,et al.Vertical seismicprofiling(VSP)in seismic oceanography-a proof of concept[C]∥EGU,2008,10:EGU2008-A-05539.
[30]Lucas Laursen.Watery echoes give clues to the past and future ofthe seas[J].Science,2008,320:309.
[2]Fukasawa M,Freeland H,Perkin R,et al.Bottom water warmingin the North Pacific Ocean[J].Nature,2004,427:825-827.
[3]Osborn T R.Finestructure,microstructure,and thin layers[J].Oceanography,1998,11(1):36-43.
[4]Rudnick D,Ferrari R.Compensation of horizontal temperatureand salinity gradients in the ocean mixed layer[J].Science,1999,283:526-529.
[5]Holbrook W S,Paramo P,Pearse S,et al.Thermohaline finestructure in an oceanographic front fromseismic reflection profiling[J].Science,2003,301:821-824.
[6]Gonella J,Michon D.Deep internal waves measured by seismic-reflection within the eastern Atlantic water mass(in French withEnglish abstract)[J].Comptes Renduse Academie Des Sciences(Series IIA),1988,306:781-787.
[7]Phillips J D,Dean D F.Multichannel acoustic reflection profilingof ocean watermass temperature/salinity interfaces[M]∥Potter J,Warn-Varnas A,eds.Ocean Variability and Acoustic Propagation.New York:Springer,1991:199-214.
[8]Song Haibin,Dong Chongzhi,Chen Lin,et al.Reflection seismicmethods for studying physical oceanography:Introduction of seis-mic oceanography[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(4):1 156-1 164.[宋海斌,董崇志,陈林,等.用反射地震方法研究物理海洋—地震海洋学简介[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1 156-1 164.]
[9]Tsuji T,Noguchi T,Niino H,et al.Two-dimensional mapping offine structures in the Kuroshio Current using seismic reflection data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32,L14609,doi:10.1029/2005GL023733.
[10]Nakamura Y,Noguchi T,Tsuji T,et al.Simultaneous seismicreflection and physical oceanographic observations of oceanic finestructure in the Kuroshio extension front[J].Geophysical ResearchLetters,2006,33,L23605,doi:10.1029/2006GL027437.
[11]Nandi P,Holbrook WS,Pearse S,et al.Seismic reflection ima-ging of water mass boundaries in the Norwegian Sea[J].Geophys-ical Research Letters,2004,31,L23311,doi:10.1029/2004GL021325.
[12]Lennert Cody C E,Franks P J S.Plankton patchiness in high-frequency internal waves[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1999,186:59-66.
[13]Cacchione D A,Pratson L F,Ogston A S.The shaping of conti-nental slopes by internal tides[J].Science,2002,296:724-727.
[14]Garrett C.Internal tides and ocean mixing[J].Science,2003,301:1 858-1 859.
[15]Holbrook W S,Fer I.Ocean internal wave spectra inferred fromseismic reflection transects[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32,L15604,doi:10.1029/2003GL023733..
[16]Benitez Nelson C R,McGillicuddy D J.Mesoscale Physical-Bio-logical-Biogeochemical Linkages in the Open Ocean:Results fromthe E-FLUX and EDDIES Programs[J].Deep Sea Research PartII,2008,55(10/13):1 133-1 138.
[17]McGillicuddy D J,Robinson A R,Siegel D A,et al.Influenceof mesoscale eddies on new production in the Sargasso Sea[J].Nature,1998,394:263-266.
[18]Biescas B,Sallare S V,Pelegr J L,et al.Imaging meddy fine-structure using multichannel seismic reflection data[J].Geophysi-cal Research Letters,2008,35,L11609,doi:10.1029/2008GL033971.
[19]P偄ramo P,Holbrook W S.Temperature contrasts in the watercolumn inferred from amplitude-versus-offset analysis of acousticreflections[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32,L24611,doi:10.1029/2005GL024533.
[20]Tarantola A.Inverse Problem Theory:Methods for Data Fittingand Model Parameter Estimation[M].New York:Elsevier,1987.
[21]Menke W.Geophysical Data Analysis:Discrete Inverse Theory[M].San Diego:Acedemic,1989.
[22]Wood W T,Holbrook W S,Sen M K,et al.Full waveform in-version of reflection seismic data for ocean temperature profiles[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35,L04608,doi:10.1029/2007GL032359.
[23]Zhang Y,Zhang U,Bleistein N.Theory of true amplitude one-way wave equations and true amplitude common-shot migration[J].Geophyscis,2005,70(3):1-10.
[24]Zhang Yu.The theory of true amplitude one-way wave equationmigration[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2006,49(5):1 410-1 430.[张宇.振幅保真的单程波方程偏移理论[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1 410-1 430.]
[25]Nandi P,Schmitt R W,Holbrook W S.Seismic imaging of athermohaline staircase in the western tropical Atlantic[C]∥EosTransactions AGU,2006,87(36),Ocean Sciences MeetingSuppl,Abstract OS14I-01.
[26]Seymour J C,Holbrook W S,Schmitt R W.Velocity structure ofa Loop Current eddy using the gradient-current method on a seis-mic section from the Gulf of Mexico[C]∥Eos TransactionsAGU,2006,87(36),Ocean Sciences Meeting Supplement,Ab-stract OS13I-05.
[27]Bullock A D,Holbrook W S,Ruddick B.Enhanced finestruc-ture around an intrathermocline lens in the Norwegian Sea[C]∥Eos Transactions AGU,2006,87(36),Ocean Sciences MeetingSupplement,Abstract OS13I-04.
[28]Huthnance J,Alvarado R,Ambar I,et al.Gulf of Cadiz ocea-nography for comparison with seismic image[C]∥EGU,2008,10:EGU2008-A-03530.
[29]Klaeschen D,Papenberg C,Krahmann G,et al.Vertical seismicprofiling(VSP)in seismic oceanography-a proof of concept[C]∥EGU,2008,10:EGU2008-A-05539.
[30]Lucas Laursen.Watery echoes give clues to the past and future ofthe seas[J].Science,2008,320:309.
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