映秀—卧龙公路沿线汶川地震地质灾害研究
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摘要
映秀—卧龙公路是汶川地震灾区距震中最近、震害最为严重的一条公路,本文对沿线地震地质灾害进行了详细的调查研究。依据震害特征,将沿线震害划分为斜坡中上部强风化岩体及土层失稳、结构面切割岩体崩滑失稳、滑坡、泥石流等4类,并分析了沿线震害发育规律。调查表明:龙门山后山断裂两侧地震地质灾害呈现显著的差异性,主要是由深大断裂的消震隔震效应,地貌放大效应,地质结构等三方面因素决定的。通过134条实测剖面分析,研究了地震失稳斜坡坡度和失稳部位。地震诱发失稳斜坡坡度在33°~84°之间,主要分布在41°~65°之间,可以认为地震诱发斜坡失稳灾害主要发生在40°以上的斜坡。斜坡失稳部位主要分布在斜坡中上部以及地貌突出部位,主要失稳部位在0.4坡高以上。从研究斜坡动力失稳的角度,将沿线斜坡划分为基岩-土层及强风化层斜坡地质结构、不利外倾结构面基岩斜坡地质结构、块状构造基岩斜坡地质结构、块碎石土层斜坡地质结构等几种地质结构模型,分析论述了各种地质结构相应的地震地质灾害类型及特点。
The highway from Yingxiu town to Wolong town is the nearest highway to the epicenter of Wenchuan Earthquake.The geo-hazards long and damage to the highway are the most serious.This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the geological hazards due to the earthquake along the highway.Based on their characteristics,the geo-hazards are divided into four types.They are instability of highly weathered rockmass and soil on the upper part of the slopes,instability of rock mass cut by geological structural surface,landslides and debris flows.It analyzes the developmental law of geo-hazards along the highway.The geo-hazards show significant deviations between the two sides of the back range faults at the Longmen Mountain fault zone.The reasons are the seismic isolation effect of the deep fracture,scaling effect of the landforms,and geologic structures.The slope steepness and position of seismic instabilities have been studied via the analysis of 134 geological sections.The results show that the slope steepness of seismic instabilities are distributed within the range of from 33° to 84°,mainly from 40° to 65°.So,it can be concluded that the geo-hazards caused by the earthquake mainly took place on the road slopes steeper than 40°.The failure zones caused by seismic force mainly distributed on the upside of the road slopes.The instability positions are mainly upon the parts with slope gradients more than 0.40.For the study of slope dynamic instability,four geologic structure models are put forward.They are rock-soil and strong weathered rock slopes,rock slopes with outward inclined structural plane,massive structure rock slopes and crushed-rock soil slopes.It analyzes the type and characteristics of eachof the four geologic structure models.
The highway from Yingxiu town to Wolong town is the nearest highway to the epicenter of Wenchuan Earthquake.The geo-hazards long and damage to the highway are the most serious.This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the geological hazards due to the earthquake along the highway.Based on their characteristics,the geo-hazards are divided into four types.They are instability of highly weathered rockmass and soil on the upper part of the slopes,instability of rock mass cut by geological structural surface,landslides and debris flows.It analyzes the developmental law of geo-hazards along the highway.The geo-hazards show significant deviations between the two sides of the back range faults at the Longmen Mountain fault zone.The reasons are the seismic isolation effect of the deep fracture,scaling effect of the landforms,and geologic structures.The slope steepness and position of seismic instabilities have been studied via the analysis of 134 geological sections.The results show that the slope steepness of seismic instabilities are distributed within the range of from 33° to 84°,mainly from 40° to 65°.So,it can be concluded that the geo-hazards caused by the earthquake mainly took place on the road slopes steeper than 40°.The failure zones caused by seismic force mainly distributed on the upside of the road slopes.The instability positions are mainly upon the parts with slope gradients more than 0.40.For the study of slope dynamic instability,four geologic structure models are put forward.They are rock-soil and strong weathered rock slopes,rock slopes with outward inclined structural plane,massive structure rock slopes and crushed-rock soil slopes.It analyzes the type and characteristics of eachof the four geologic structure models.
引文
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[9]殷跃平.汶川八级滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29~38.YIN Yueping,Features of landslides triggered by the wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):29~38.
[10]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730~741.HUANG Runqiu,Pei Xiangjun,Li Tianbin.Basic characteristicsand formation mechanism of the large scale landslide at Daguang-bao occurred during the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,2008,16(6):730~741.
[11]http://www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf/_content/08_09/01/1220238314350.html.
[12]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792~2797.QI Shengwen,WUFaquan,LIU Chunling,et al.Engineering ge-ology analysis on stability of slope under earthquake[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2792~2797(in Chinese).
[13]李天池.地震与滑坡的关系及地震滑坡预测的探讨.滑坡文集(第二集)[C].北京:人民铁道出版社,1979:127~132.Li Tianchi.The relationship between earthquakes and landslidesand discussion of earthquake landslide prediction.Landslide Col-lected Works(Episode II)[C]Beijing:China Railway PublishingHouse
[2]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12″汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585~2592.HUANG Runqiu,LEI Weile.Research on development and distri-bution rules of geoharzards induced by Wenchuan eartuquake on12thMay2008[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2008,27(11):2173~2183.
[3]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433~444.YIN Yueping,Researches on the Geo-hazards triggered by Wen-chuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(4):433~444(in Chinese).
[4]祁生文,许强,刘春玲等.汶川地震极重灾区地质背景次生斜坡灾害空间发育规律[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):39~49.Qi Shengwen,Xu Qiang,Liu Chunling,et al.Slope instabilities inthe severest disaster areas of 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake[J].2009,17(1):39~49.
[5]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19~28.HUANG Runqiu,LEI Weile.Fault effect analysis of Geo-hazardtriggered by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Ge-ology,2009,17(1):19~28.
[6]王运生,罗永红,吉峰等.汶川大地震山地灾害发育的控制因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):759~763.Luo Yunsheng,Luo Yonghong,Ji Feng.Analysis of the controllingfactors on Geo-hazards in mountainous epicenter zones of the Wen-chuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):759~763.
[7]谢和平,邓建辉,台佳佳等.汶川大地震灾害与灾区重建的岩土工程问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(09):1781~1791.Xie Heping,DENG Jianhui,TAI Jiajia,et al.Wenchuan largeearthquake and post-earthquake reconsrtuction-related geotechnicalproblems[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2008,27(09):1781~1791.
[8]杨志法,赵汝斌,王靖等.安县西部地震次生地质灾害及工程地质力学问题思考[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1807~1813.YANG Zhifa,ZHAO Rubin,WANG Jing,et al.Earthquake inducedgeological hazards in west of Anxian county and considerations ofengineering geomechanical problems[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2008,27(09):1807~1813.
[9]殷跃平.汶川八级滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29~38.YIN Yueping,Features of landslides triggered by the wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):29~38.
[10]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730~741.HUANG Runqiu,Pei Xiangjun,Li Tianbin.Basic characteristicsand formation mechanism of the large scale landslide at Daguang-bao occurred during the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,2008,16(6):730~741.
[11]http://www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf/_content/08_09/01/1220238314350.html.
[12]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792~2797.QI Shengwen,WUFaquan,LIU Chunling,et al.Engineering ge-ology analysis on stability of slope under earthquake[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2792~2797(in Chinese).
[13]李天池.地震与滑坡的关系及地震滑坡预测的探讨.滑坡文集(第二集)[C].北京:人民铁道出版社,1979:127~132.Li Tianchi.The relationship between earthquakes and landslidesand discussion of earthquake landslide prediction.Landslide Col-lected Works(Episode II)[C]Beijing:China Railway PublishingHouse
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