构建具有“柔性结构”的防灾城市——由伊朗巴姆大地震引发的对当前城市防灾绿地建设中问题的思考
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摘要
由伊朗巴姆大地震引发的巨大的灾害损失,促使人们必须反思当前城市防灾绿地建设中存在的误区。防灾绿地作为“柔性”空间,在城市防灾、避灾、减灾及灾后重建过程中具有无可替代的作用。因此,在城市防灾绿地建设中必须化被动为主动,健全相关城市防灾减灾的法律法规,结合城市绿地系统布局,构建具有合理的层级结构和均衡分布的城市防灾绿地网络,建立城市防灾绿地的补偿机制,从而在根本上有利于城市的防灾与减灾。
Based on the damages of Bam Earthquake in Iran,the paper reflects on some issues existing in the consideration of disaster manangement in planning and developing urban green space.As the "flexible" space,such green areas are of vital functions in urban calamity prevention,reduction,and post-calamity reconstruction.Therefore,in the process of construction of urban calamity preventive green space,a proactive apporach instead of a reactive one must be adopted,rules and regulations concerning urban calamity prevention and reduction be established,the urban green space network with a rational hierarchical structure and balanced distribution be constructed in conjunction with the layout of the urban green space system,and the compensation mechanism of urban calamity preventive green space be set up.Thus,the prevention and reduction of urban calamities can be fundamentally facilitated.
Based on the damages of Bam Earthquake in Iran,the paper reflects on some issues existing in the consideration of disaster manangement in planning and developing urban green space.As the "flexible" space,such green areas are of vital functions in urban calamity prevention,reduction,and post-calamity reconstruction.Therefore,in the process of construction of urban calamity preventive green space,a proactive apporach instead of a reactive one must be adopted,rules and regulations concerning urban calamity prevention and reduction be established,the urban green space network with a rational hierarchical structure and balanced distribution be constructed in conjunction with the layout of the urban green space system,and the compensation mechanism of urban calamity preventive green space be set up.Thus,the prevention and reduction of urban calamities can be fundamentally facilitated.
引文
[1]巴姆市市长因遭未及时发放救灾物资的批评而辞职[EB/OL].(2004-03-10)[2004-05-23].http://news.sohu.com/2004/03/10/26/news219382602.shtml.
[2]金磊.北京奥运建设规划战略的安全减灾思考———兼议北京城市综合减灾规划的实施问题[J].建筑学报,2002(6):50_53.
[3]刘川,徐波,梁伊独,等.日本阪神.淡路大地震的启示[J].国外城市规划,1996(4):2_11.
[4]建设省都市局都市计画课.震に强いまちづくりにおける公园绿地の配置计画にする调查研究结果———防に资する公园绿地等の配置计画の考え方[J].公园绿地,1996,56(6):5_11.
[5]张敏.国外城市防灾减灾及我们的思考[J].城市规划师,2000(2):101_104.
[6]越,昭彦.绿と防———防公园の计画.设计事例[J].都市公园,2000,7(149):51_62.
[7]新田,敬师.防公园の整の推について[J].都市公园,2000,7(149):73_79.
[8]林まゆみ.阪神大震後のまちづくり运动と住民の意にみられるランドスケプの位置づけ[J].日本造园学会志,1996,11(2):61_64.
[9]洪金祥,崔雅君.城市园林绿化与抗震防灾———唐山市震后绿地作用与建设的思考[J].中国园林,1999(3):57_58.
[10]北京元大都遗址公园建成全国第一个应急避难场所[EB/OL].(2003-10-22)[2004-05-23].http://www.luckup.net/m/ca40744.htm.
[11]广州规定小区要留紧急避难空地违者罚款10万[N].信息时报,2004-02-27(A10).
[12]曹麻菇.“零增长率”———一种在城市防灾设计中值得重视和商榷的概念[J].建筑学报,2002(6):52_53.
[2]金磊.北京奥运建设规划战略的安全减灾思考———兼议北京城市综合减灾规划的实施问题[J].建筑学报,2002(6):50_53.
[3]刘川,徐波,梁伊独,等.日本阪神.淡路大地震的启示[J].国外城市规划,1996(4):2_11.
[4]建设省都市局都市计画课.震に强いまちづくりにおける公园绿地の配置计画にする调查研究结果———防に资する公园绿地等の配置计画の考え方[J].公园绿地,1996,56(6):5_11.
[5]张敏.国外城市防灾减灾及我们的思考[J].城市规划师,2000(2):101_104.
[6]越,昭彦.绿と防———防公园の计画.设计事例[J].都市公园,2000,7(149):51_62.
[7]新田,敬师.防公园の整の推について[J].都市公园,2000,7(149):73_79.
[8]林まゆみ.阪神大震後のまちづくり运动と住民の意にみられるランドスケプの位置づけ[J].日本造园学会志,1996,11(2):61_64.
[9]洪金祥,崔雅君.城市园林绿化与抗震防灾———唐山市震后绿地作用与建设的思考[J].中国园林,1999(3):57_58.
[10]北京元大都遗址公园建成全国第一个应急避难场所[EB/OL].(2003-10-22)[2004-05-23].http://www.luckup.net/m/ca40744.htm.
[11]广州规定小区要留紧急避难空地违者罚款10万[N].信息时报,2004-02-27(A10).
[12]曹麻菇.“零增长率”———一种在城市防灾设计中值得重视和商榷的概念[J].建筑学报,2002(6):52_53.
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