城市地震应急避难场所规划方法研究
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摘要
根据我国城市发展和地震应急避难建设的需求,把城市地震避难场所划分为3个级别,建立了相应的避难场所规划流程。讨论了固定避难场所覆盖区域的计算方法,编制了相应的计算程序,通过使用7因子评价指标和评分标准。以覆盖半径为权重,运用加权Voronoi图方法在GIS平台上对固定避难场所责任区域进行了空间划分,并与Voronoi图方法进行了对比．结合实例论证了各场所空间影响范围的合理性,为城市避难场所建设和规划提供了简便方法。
Based on the requirements of establishing urban earthquake emergency shelters(UEES),this paper lays emphasis on discussion about the calculation method of the service area of UEES,which are classified as 3 levels.The evaluation criteria and score of UEES are given.The planning flowchart of the 3 levels of UEES is shown and the corresponding computer program is developed in this paper.We offer a method for regional- izing UEES responsibility space based on weighted Voronoi diagram(WVD)through the GIS technology. Using the weighted radius of UEES responsibility space as the weights of WVD,7 influential factors in the radius are prouided.We apply the method to optiming zoning map of UEES responsibility regionalization,and compare the result with that from ordinary Voronoi diagram(OVD).The proposed method for UEES plan- ning is verified through exemplary analysis and the result shows the reasonableness of the method and it can provide a simple approach for UEES planning and preparation.
Based on the requirements of establishing urban earthquake emergency shelters(UEES),this paper lays emphasis on discussion about the calculation method of the service area of UEES,which are classified as 3 levels.The evaluation criteria and score of UEES are given.The planning flowchart of the 3 levels of UEES is shown and the corresponding computer program is developed in this paper.We offer a method for regional- izing UEES responsibility space based on weighted Voronoi diagram(WVD)through the GIS technology. Using the weighted radius of UEES responsibility space as the weights of WVD,7 influential factors in the radius are prouided.We apply the method to optiming zoning map of UEES responsibility regionalization,and compare the result with that from ordinary Voronoi diagram(OVD).The proposed method for UEES plan- ning is verified through exemplary analysis and the result shows the reasonableness of the method and it can provide a simple approach for UEES planning and preparation.
引文
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[8]李刚,马东辉,苏经宇,等.基于加权Voronoi图的城市地震应急避难场所责任区的划分[J].建筑科学,2006,22(3):55-59.LI Gang,MA Dong-hui,SU Jing-yu,et al.Multiplicatively weighted voronoi diagrams for responsibility space regionalization of urban earthquake emergency shelters[J].Building .Science,2006,22(3):55-59.(in Chinese)
[9]陈军．Voronoi动态空间数据模型[M]．北京：测绘出版社，2002．
[10]AURENHAMMER F.Voronoi diagrams-a survey of a fundamental data structure[J].ACM Computing Surveys,1991,23:345-405.
[11]OKABE A,BOOTS B.Spatial tessellations:concepts and applications of voronoi diagrams(wiley series in probability and statistics)2nd[M].UAS:John Wiley&Sons,1999.
[12]WANG C A,TSIN P Y.Finding constrained and weighted Voronoi diagrams in the plane[C]//.Proceedings of the Second Canadian Conference in Computational Geometry,Ottawa,1990,8:200-203.
[13]锺佳欣.都市旧市区紧急性避难据点之区位配置研究[D].台北:国立成功大学都市计划研究所,2004.ZHONG Jia-xing.A study of location of urgent refuge sites in old urban area[D].Taibei:Department of Urban Planning National Cheng-Kung University,2004.(in Chinese)
[14]许树柏．层次分析原理[M]．天津：天津大学出版社，1988：35-48．
[2]姚清林.关于优选城市地震避灾场地的某些问题[J].地震研究,1997,19(3):244-248.YAO Qing-lin.On some questions of optimally selecting refuges for large earthquake[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1997,19(3):244-248.(in Chinese)
[3]杨文斌,韩世文,张敬军,等.地震应急避灾场所的规划建设与城市防灾[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(1):126-132.YANG Wen-bin,HAN Shi-wen,ZHANG Jing-jun.et al.Planning construction of earthquake emergency shelters and urban disaster reduction[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2004,13(1):126-132.(in Chinese)
[4]苏幼坡.城市地震避难所的规划原则与要点[J].灾害学,2004,19(1):87-92.SU You-po,LIU Rui-xing.Planning principles and outlines of urban earthquake shelters[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2004,19(1):87-92.(in Chinese)
[5]冯荟,缪升.避震疏散与城市的可持续发展[J].昆明理工大学学报(理工版),2004,29(2):84-89.FENG Yun,MIAO Sheng.Elusion and dispersion of earthquake sustainable development of cities[J].Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Science and Technology),2004,29(2):84-89.(in Chinese)
[6]周天颖，简甫任．紧急避灾场所区位决策支持系统建立之研究[J]．水土保持研究，2001，18(1)：17-24．ZHOU Tian-ying,JIAN Fu-ren.Study on establishing the supporting system for location of the urgent refuge[J].Reacarch of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,18(1):17-24.(in Chinese)
[7]蔡柏全.都市灾害防救管理体系及避难圈域适宜规模之探究-以嘉义市为例[D].台北:国立成功大学都市计划研究所,2002.CAI Bai-quan.Management system in urban disaster prevention & rescue with befitting size of refuge rings——a case study of Chia-Yi City[D].Taibei:Department of Urban Planning National Cheng-Kung University,2002.(in Chinese)
[8]李刚,马东辉,苏经宇,等.基于加权Voronoi图的城市地震应急避难场所责任区的划分[J].建筑科学,2006,22(3):55-59.LI Gang,MA Dong-hui,SU Jing-yu,et al.Multiplicatively weighted voronoi diagrams for responsibility space regionalization of urban earthquake emergency shelters[J].Building .Science,2006,22(3):55-59.(in Chinese)
[9]陈军．Voronoi动态空间数据模型[M]．北京：测绘出版社，2002．
[10]AURENHAMMER F.Voronoi diagrams-a survey of a fundamental data structure[J].ACM Computing Surveys,1991,23:345-405.
[11]OKABE A,BOOTS B.Spatial tessellations:concepts and applications of voronoi diagrams(wiley series in probability and statistics)2nd[M].UAS:John Wiley&Sons,1999.
[12]WANG C A,TSIN P Y.Finding constrained and weighted Voronoi diagrams in the plane[C]//.Proceedings of the Second Canadian Conference in Computational Geometry,Ottawa,1990,8:200-203.
[13]锺佳欣.都市旧市区紧急性避难据点之区位配置研究[D].台北:国立成功大学都市计划研究所,2004.ZHONG Jia-xing.A study of location of urgent refuge sites in old urban area[D].Taibei:Department of Urban Planning National Cheng-Kung University,2004.(in Chinese)
[14]许树柏．层次分析原理[M]．天津：天津大学出版社，1988：35-48．
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