琼东北及雷州半岛深地震测深剖面Pg波资料处理结果——用地震波前成像和射线数分布分析法
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摘要
本文用地震波前成像和射线数分布分析法对上世纪80年代在琼东北及雷州半岛地区完成的三条宽角反射/折射地震剖面的Pg波资料进行了处理,得到了三条测线下方的上地壳顶部P波速度结构及基底的空间展布形态特征.结果显示研究区域表现出较复杂的上部地壳结构特征,浅部P波速度结构的高、低速区域分别与地质构造上的一些凸起和凹陷相对应,用射线数分布分析法所显示的基底结构及形态特征与地震剖面穿过区域的地质构造有较好的对应关系,测线穿过的一些断裂下方P波速度结构表现为强烈的横向非均匀性.
The Pg traveltimes picked from three wide-angle reflection/refraction profiles,which were completed at the beginning of the1980s in Northeast Hainan and Leizhou Peninsula area of South China,were used to reconstruct P velocity images and basement structures of uppermost crust by means of seismic wavefront tomography and ray hit analysis technique.Both P wave velocity structure and the spatial basement pattern of uppermost crust were determined,and the results were compared with the geological structures along the three profiles.It is found that the uppermost crustal structures in this area show relatively complex characteristics.The distribution of higher or lower P wave velocities in the uppermost crust corresponds to some geological depressions and raisings,respectively.It shows no more difference between the geological tectonic characteristics and the basement structures along with their pattern features obtained through ray hit analysis technique.The distribution of P wave velocities presents strong laterally inhomogeneity under the areas where the faults exist.
The Pg traveltimes picked from three wide-angle reflection/refraction profiles,which were completed at the beginning of the1980s in Northeast Hainan and Leizhou Peninsula area of South China,were used to reconstruct P velocity images and basement structures of uppermost crust by means of seismic wavefront tomography and ray hit analysis technique.Both P wave velocity structure and the spatial basement pattern of uppermost crust were determined,and the results were compared with the geological structures along the three profiles.It is found that the uppermost crustal structures in this area show relatively complex characteristics.The distribution of higher or lower P wave velocities in the uppermost crust corresponds to some geological depressions and raisings,respectively.It shows no more difference between the geological tectonic characteristics and the basement structures along with their pattern features obtained through ray hit analysis technique.The distribution of P wave velocities presents strong laterally inhomogeneity under the areas where the faults exist.
引文
[1]张先康,张成科,赵金仁,等.唐山地震的深部构造背景[A].见:发展中的地震科学研究[C].北京:地震出版社,1995,165~171.Zhang X K,Zhang C K,Zhao J R et al.Deep structural back-ground on Tangshan earthquake[A].In Advances in Seismo-logical Research[C].Beijing:Seismological Press,1995,165~171.
[2]张先康,赵金仁,张成科,等.帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(5):665~671.Zhang X K,Zhao J R,Zhang C K,et al.Crustal structure atnortheast side of the Pamirs[J].Chinese J Geophys.(in Chi-nese),2002,45(5):665~671.
[3]徐朝繁,张先康,杨建,等.三维壳幔结构中两点射线追踪的分步搜索法[J].地震学报.1998,20(3):272~278.Xu Z F,Zhang X K,Yang J et al.Indirect-approach methodfor specified-end points Seismic Ray Tracing in Three dimen-sional inhomogeneous Media[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1998,11(3):173~182.
[4]张成科,张先康,盖玉杰,等.大同—阳高震区及其邻区壳幔速度结构与深部构造[J].地震地质,1998,20(4):391~398.Zhang C K,Zhang X K,Zhang J S.Deep tectonic backgroundin Datong—Yanggao earthquake area[J].Seismology and Ge-ology,1998,20(4):391~398.
[5]赵金仁,张先康,张成科,等.河南林县地震区地壳深部构造背景探讨[J].中国地震,1999,15(3):229~236.Zhao J R,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.The structure fea-tures of deep crustal structure in seismic area of Linxian,Henan Province[J].Earthquakes in China,1999,15(3):229~236
[6]滕吉文,王国政,刘洪.华北平原中部地区深部构造背景及邢台地震(一)[J].地球物理学报,1974,17:225~271.Tan J W,Wang G Z,Liu H.Deep tectonic background inmiddle North China Plain and Xintai earthquake(Part 1)[J].Chinese J Geophys(in Chinese),1974,17:225~271.
[7]张先康,祝治平,张成科,等.张家口—渤海地震带及其两侧地壳上地幔构造与速度结构研究[A].见:活动断裂研究[C].地震出版社,1995,1~16.Zhang X K,Zhu Z P,Zhang C K,et al.,Tectonic and velovi-ty structure study on seismic zone of Zhangjiakou-Baohai[A].In Active Fault Research[C].Beijing:Seismological Press,1995,1~16.
[8]张先康,王春镛,宋建立.中国华北地壳上地幔结构研究[A].见:第二届两岸地震学术研讨会论文集[C].1996,220~233.Zhang X K,Wang C Y,Song J L.Study on crust and upper-most mantle in North China[A].In the Symposium on 2ndEarthquake Study workshop of Taiwan Island and Chinese Ma-inland[C].1996,220~233.
[9]李松林,张先康,张成科,等玛沁—兰州—靖边地震测深剖面地壳速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):210~217.Li S L,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.A preliminary study onthe crustal velocity structure of Maqin-Lanzhou-Jingbian bymeans of deep seismic sounding profile[J].Chinese J Geo-phys.(in Chinese),2002,45(2):210~217.
[10]Zhang Z J,Jose Badal,Li Y K,et al.Crust-upper mantleseismic velocity structure across southeastern China[J].Tec-tonophysics,2005,395:137~157.
[11]王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举,等.华北盆地滑脱构造的地震学证据[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(5):613~620.Wang C Y,Zhang X K,Wu Q J,et al.Seismic evidence ofdetachment in North China basin[J].Chinese J Geophys(inChinese),1994,37(5):613~620.
[12]王春镛,张先康,丁志峰,等.大别造山带上部地壳结构的有限差分层析成像[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(4):495~501.Wang C Y,Zhang X K,Ding Z F,et al.Finite differencetomography of upper crustal structure in Dabieshan orogenicbelt[J].Chinese J Geophys(in Chinese),1997,40(4):495~501.
[13]段永红,张先康,杨卓欣,等.长白山天池火山区基底结构研究[J].地震地质,2002,25(3):501~508.Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Yang Z X,et al.Study on basementof Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano[J].Seismology and Geolo-gy,2002,25(3):501~508.
[14]段永红,张先康,杨卓欣.帕米尔东北侧基底结构研究[J].地震学报,2002,24(4):378~384.Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Yang Z X,et al.Study on basementof northeast sides of Pamirs[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(4):378~384.
[15]段永红,张先康,方盛明.华北地区上部地壳结构的三维有限差分层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(3):362~369.Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Fang S M.Three-dimensional finite-difference tomography of velocity structure of the upper crustin North China[J].Chinese J Geophys(in Chinese),2002,45(3):362~369.
[16]徐朝繁,张先康,张建狮,等.射线分布分析法及其在地壳上部复杂结构探测中的应用[J].地震学报,2006,28(2):167~175Xu Z F,Zhang X K,Zhang J S,et al.Ray hit analysis meth-od and its application to complex upper crustal structure sur-vey[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,19(2):173~182.
[17]徐朝繁,张先康,朱金芳,等.复杂介质结构中折射界面的哈格多恩原理波前成像[J].地震地质,2002,24(4):542~548.Xu Z F,Zhang X K,Zhu J F,et al.Refractor imaging incomplex structures using Hagedoorn wavefront reconstruc-tion principle[J].Seismology and Geology,2002,24(4):542~548.
[18]徐朝繁,张先康,段永红,等.伽师强震群区上部地壳精细结构的高分辨折射地震探测研究[J].地震学报,2006,28(1):60~69.Xu Z F,Zhang X K,Duan Y H,et al.Fine upper crustalstructure in Xinjiang-Jiashi strong earthquake swarm regioninferred from high resolution seismic refraction profile[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,19(1):62~71.
[19]徐朝繁,张先康,刘宝金等.高分辨折射地震资料处理方法及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1052~1058.Xu Z F,Zhang X K,Liu B J,et al.Processing method forhigh resolution refraction seismic data and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1052~1058.
[20]徐朝繁,段永红,田晓峰,等.新疆伽师强震群区基底界面结构特征[J].地震学报,2007,29(5):477~482.Xu Z F,Duan Y H,Tian X F,et al.Basement interfacestructural characteristics beneath Jiashi strong earthquakeswarm area in Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2007,20(5):507~512.
[21]Vidale J E.Finite-difference calculations of traveltimes[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1988,78:2062~2076.
[22]Vidale J E.Finite-difference calculations of traveltimes inthree dimensions[J].Geophysics,1990,55:521~526.
[23]Qin F,Luo Y,Olsen Cai K B,et al.Finite-difference solu-tion of th e eikonal equation along expanding wavefronts[J].Geophysics,1992,57:478~471.
[24]Hole J A,Zelt B C.3-D finite-difference reflection traveltimes[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1995,121:427~434.
[25]Afnimar,Koketsu K.Finite difference traveltime calculationfor head waves traveling along an irregular interface[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2000,143:729~734.
[26]Van Trier J,Symes W W.Upwind finite-difference calcula-tion of traveltimes[J].Geophysics,1991,56:812~821.
[27]Podvin P,Lecomete L.Finite difference computation of trav-eltimes in very contrasted velocity models:a massively paral-lel approach and its associated tools[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1991,50:271~284.
[28]Lecomte I,Gjoystal H,et al.Improving modeling and inver-sion in refraction s eismic with a first-order Eikonal solver[J].Geophysica Prospecting,2002,48:437~454.
[29]Faria E L,Stoffa P L.Traveltime compution in transverselyisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1994,59:272~281.
[30]张虎男.雷琼地区新构造运动的特征[J].地质科学,1984,3.Zhang H N.Neotectonics features in Leizhou Peninsula andNorth Hainan Island[J].Geological Science,1984,3.
[31]张虎男,陈伟光,李子权,等.琼北地区中、新生代地质构造背景[A].见:海南岛北部地震研究文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1988,34~40.Zhang H N,Chen W G,Li Z Q,et al.Geological back-ground of northern Hainan Island in Mesozoic and CenozoicEra[A].In:Simposium of Earthquake Studies in NorthHainan Ialand[C].Edited by Ding Y Z,et al.1988,34~40.
[2]张先康,赵金仁,张成科,等.帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(5):665~671.Zhang X K,Zhao J R,Zhang C K,et al.Crustal structure atnortheast side of the Pamirs[J].Chinese J Geophys.(in Chi-nese),2002,45(5):665~671.
[3]徐朝繁,张先康,杨建,等.三维壳幔结构中两点射线追踪的分步搜索法[J].地震学报.1998,20(3):272~278.Xu Z F,Zhang X K,Yang J et al.Indirect-approach methodfor specified-end points Seismic Ray Tracing in Three dimen-sional inhomogeneous Media[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1998,11(3):173~182.
[4]张成科,张先康,盖玉杰,等.大同—阳高震区及其邻区壳幔速度结构与深部构造[J].地震地质,1998,20(4):391~398.Zhang C K,Zhang X K,Zhang J S.Deep tectonic backgroundin Datong—Yanggao earthquake area[J].Seismology and Ge-ology,1998,20(4):391~398.
[5]赵金仁,张先康,张成科,等.河南林县地震区地壳深部构造背景探讨[J].中国地震,1999,15(3):229~236.Zhao J R,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.The structure fea-tures of deep crustal structure in seismic area of Linxian,Henan Province[J].Earthquakes in China,1999,15(3):229~236
[6]滕吉文,王国政,刘洪.华北平原中部地区深部构造背景及邢台地震(一)[J].地球物理学报,1974,17:225~271.Tan J W,Wang G Z,Liu H.Deep tectonic background inmiddle North China Plain and Xintai earthquake(Part 1)[J].Chinese J Geophys(in Chinese),1974,17:225~271.
[7]张先康,祝治平,张成科,等.张家口—渤海地震带及其两侧地壳上地幔构造与速度结构研究[A].见:活动断裂研究[C].地震出版社,1995,1~16.Zhang X K,Zhu Z P,Zhang C K,et al.,Tectonic and velovi-ty structure study on seismic zone of Zhangjiakou-Baohai[A].In Active Fault Research[C].Beijing:Seismological Press,1995,1~16.
[8]张先康,王春镛,宋建立.中国华北地壳上地幔结构研究[A].见:第二届两岸地震学术研讨会论文集[C].1996,220~233.Zhang X K,Wang C Y,Song J L.Study on crust and upper-most mantle in North China[A].In the Symposium on 2ndEarthquake Study workshop of Taiwan Island and Chinese Ma-inland[C].1996,220~233.
[9]李松林,张先康,张成科,等玛沁—兰州—靖边地震测深剖面地壳速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):210~217.Li S L,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.A preliminary study onthe crustal velocity structure of Maqin-Lanzhou-Jingbian bymeans of deep seismic sounding profile[J].Chinese J Geo-phys.(in Chinese),2002,45(2):210~217.
[10]Zhang Z J,Jose Badal,Li Y K,et al.Crust-upper mantleseismic velocity structure across southeastern China[J].Tec-tonophysics,2005,395:137~157.
[11]王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举,等.华北盆地滑脱构造的地震学证据[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(5):613~620.Wang C Y,Zhang X K,Wu Q J,et al.Seismic evidence ofdetachment in North China basin[J].Chinese J Geophys(inChinese),1994,37(5):613~620.
[12]王春镛,张先康,丁志峰,等.大别造山带上部地壳结构的有限差分层析成像[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(4):495~501.Wang C Y,Zhang X K,Ding Z F,et al.Finite differencetomography of upper crustal structure in Dabieshan orogenicbelt[J].Chinese J Geophys(in Chinese),1997,40(4):495~501.
[13]段永红,张先康,杨卓欣,等.长白山天池火山区基底结构研究[J].地震地质,2002,25(3):501~508.Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Yang Z X,et al.Study on basementof Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano[J].Seismology and Geolo-gy,2002,25(3):501~508.
[14]段永红,张先康,杨卓欣.帕米尔东北侧基底结构研究[J].地震学报,2002,24(4):378~384.Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Yang Z X,et al.Study on basementof northeast sides of Pamirs[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(4):378~384.
[15]段永红,张先康,方盛明.华北地区上部地壳结构的三维有限差分层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(3):362~369.Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Fang S M.Three-dimensional finite-difference tomography of velocity structure of the upper crustin North China[J].Chinese J Geophys(in Chinese),2002,45(3):362~369.
[16]徐朝繁,张先康,张建狮,等.射线分布分析法及其在地壳上部复杂结构探测中的应用[J].地震学报,2006,28(2):167~175Xu Z F,Zhang X K,Zhang J S,et al.Ray hit analysis meth-od and its application to complex upper crustal structure sur-vey[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,19(2):173~182.
[17]徐朝繁,张先康,朱金芳,等.复杂介质结构中折射界面的哈格多恩原理波前成像[J].地震地质,2002,24(4):542~548.Xu Z F,Zhang X K,Zhu J F,et al.Refractor imaging incomplex structures using Hagedoorn wavefront reconstruc-tion principle[J].Seismology and Geology,2002,24(4):542~548.
[18]徐朝繁,张先康,段永红,等.伽师强震群区上部地壳精细结构的高分辨折射地震探测研究[J].地震学报,2006,28(1):60~69.Xu Z F,Zhang X K,Duan Y H,et al.Fine upper crustalstructure in Xinjiang-Jiashi strong earthquake swarm regioninferred from high resolution seismic refraction profile[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,19(1):62~71.
[19]徐朝繁,张先康,刘宝金等.高分辨折射地震资料处理方法及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1052~1058.Xu Z F,Zhang X K,Liu B J,et al.Processing method forhigh resolution refraction seismic data and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):1052~1058.
[20]徐朝繁,段永红,田晓峰,等.新疆伽师强震群区基底界面结构特征[J].地震学报,2007,29(5):477~482.Xu Z F,Duan Y H,Tian X F,et al.Basement interfacestructural characteristics beneath Jiashi strong earthquakeswarm area in Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2007,20(5):507~512.
[21]Vidale J E.Finite-difference calculations of traveltimes[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1988,78:2062~2076.
[22]Vidale J E.Finite-difference calculations of traveltimes inthree dimensions[J].Geophysics,1990,55:521~526.
[23]Qin F,Luo Y,Olsen Cai K B,et al.Finite-difference solu-tion of th e eikonal equation along expanding wavefronts[J].Geophysics,1992,57:478~471.
[24]Hole J A,Zelt B C.3-D finite-difference reflection traveltimes[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1995,121:427~434.
[25]Afnimar,Koketsu K.Finite difference traveltime calculationfor head waves traveling along an irregular interface[J].Geophys.J.Int.,2000,143:729~734.
[26]Van Trier J,Symes W W.Upwind finite-difference calcula-tion of traveltimes[J].Geophysics,1991,56:812~821.
[27]Podvin P,Lecomete L.Finite difference computation of trav-eltimes in very contrasted velocity models:a massively paral-lel approach and its associated tools[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1991,50:271~284.
[28]Lecomte I,Gjoystal H,et al.Improving modeling and inver-sion in refraction s eismic with a first-order Eikonal solver[J].Geophysica Prospecting,2002,48:437~454.
[29]Faria E L,Stoffa P L.Traveltime compution in transverselyisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1994,59:272~281.
[30]张虎男.雷琼地区新构造运动的特征[J].地质科学,1984,3.Zhang H N.Neotectonics features in Leizhou Peninsula andNorth Hainan Island[J].Geological Science,1984,3.
[31]张虎男,陈伟光,李子权,等.琼北地区中、新生代地质构造背景[A].见:海南岛北部地震研究文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1988,34~40.Zhang H N,Chen W G,Li Z Q,et al.Geological back-ground of northern Hainan Island in Mesozoic and CenozoicEra[A].In:Simposium of Earthquake Studies in NorthHainan Ialand[C].Edited by Ding Y Z,et al.1988,34~40.
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