地震诱发煤矿瓦斯灾害成核机理的探讨
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摘要
基于现场地球物理观测,以煤矿矿震助推瓦斯异常涌出和地下水对远场地震的响应机理作为类比,结合大尺度地壳同时运动的地球物理学证据,探索地震能量导致煤矿瓦斯灾害成核的可能性和机理.分析得出,地震能量具备导致煤矿瓦斯灾害成核的可能性,其机理和条件为:地震震中与含瓦斯矿井间需要有活动构造作为能量传递的通道;地震能量对煤矿有约小于20 d的短周期调制作用;强烈地震在短临阶段甚至产生大尺度地壳同步运动;存在大面积地下水异常区域极有可能也是含瓦斯矿井敏感响应的区域.提出了此种机制瓦斯灾害预警的思路.
Based on in-situ geophysical observation,by means of the mechanism analogy of rockburst-induced unusual gas emission in coalmines and groundwater-response to far field earthquake and geophysics observation of the isochronous movement over a wide area on lithosphere,the possibility and the mechanism of earthquake-induced unusual methane gas emission in coalmines was investigated.It is cognizant of the feasibility that earthquake energy can induce unusual gas emission in coalmines.The active structures are required as energy channels between epicenter and coalmines.The modulation of earthquake energy to coalmines is less than about 20 days.The isochronous movement over a wide area on lithosphere is generated by stronger earthquake in the short-term and impending stages.The region in unusual groundwater over a wide area is likely to the region of sensitivity response coalmines.It is suggested to provide methane gas emission warnings to coalmines located within the influence radius when releasing earthquake risk warnings.
Based on in-situ geophysical observation,by means of the mechanism analogy of rockburst-induced unusual gas emission in coalmines and groundwater-response to far field earthquake and geophysics observation of the isochronous movement over a wide area on lithosphere,the possibility and the mechanism of earthquake-induced unusual methane gas emission in coalmines was investigated.It is cognizant of the feasibility that earthquake energy can induce unusual gas emission in coalmines.The active structures are required as energy channels between epicenter and coalmines.The modulation of earthquake energy to coalmines is less than about 20 days.The isochronous movement over a wide area on lithosphere is generated by stronger earthquake in the short-term and impending stages.The region in unusual groundwater over a wide area is likely to the region of sensitivity response coalmines.It is suggested to provide methane gas emission warnings to coalmines located within the influence radius when releasing earthquake risk warnings.
引文
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[15]Monastersky R.Before the quake:detecting the slow groan[J].Sci.News,1994,146(23):374.
[16]许绍燮.大尺度地层内的分层运动[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(6):14-22.Xu Shaoxie.Sub-layer movement in the large-scale stratum[J].Engineering Science,2006,8(6):14-22.
[17]许绍燮,王春珍.地层大尺度运动的一次记录[J].国际地震动态,2006(8):1-5.Xu Shaoxie,Wang Chunzhen.Arecord of movement of large-scale stratum[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2006(8):1-5.
[2]布霍依诺G.矿山压力和冲击地压[M].李玉生,译.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1985.Brauner G.Mine pressure and rockburst[M].Li Yusheng,trans.Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1985.
[3]张凤鸣,余中元,徐晓艳,等.鹤岗煤矿开采诱发地震研究[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(1):139-143.Zhang Fengming,Yu Zhongyuan,Xu Xiaoyan,et al.Research on induced earthquakes by coal mining in Hegang[J].Jour-nal of Natural Disasters,2005,14(1):139-143.
[4]李铁,蔡美峰,王金安,等.深部开采冲击地压与瓦斯相关性的探讨[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(5):562-567.Li Tie,Cai Meifeng,Wang Jin’an,et al.Discussion on relativity between rockburst and gas in deep exploitation[J].Jour-nal of China Coal Society,2005,30(5):562-567.
[5]赵跃飞.大雁煤业公司二矿“11.25”特别重大瓦斯事故剖析及防范对策[J].内蒙古煤炭经济,2001(3):37-38.Zhao Yuefei.Dayan Coal Industry Corporation II Mine,“11.25”special major gas accidents analysis and countermeasures[J].Inner Mongolia Coal Economy,2001(3):37-38.
[6]国家煤矿安全监察局人事司.全国煤矿特大事故案例选编[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000:82-87.State Administration of Coal Mine Safety,Department of Personnel.National coal selected cases of major accidents[M].Bei-jing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2000:82-87.
[7]啜永清,赵文星,庞云峰,等.山西煤矿瓦斯爆炸与昆仑山口西8.1级地震关系的研究[J].山西地震,2003(4):6-13.Chuai Yongqing,Zhao Wenxing,Pang Yunfeng,et al.Astudy on relation between gas explosion at coal mines of Shanxi Prov-ince and west Kunlun Mountain earthquake ofMS=8.1[J].Earthquake Research in Shanxi,2003(4):6-13.
[8]车用太,谷元珠,鱼金子,等.昆仑山口西MS8.1地震前地下流体的远场异常及其意义[J].地震,2002,22(4):106-113.Che Yongtai,Gu Yuanzhu,Yu Jinzi,et al.Remote anomalies of subsurface fluid before theMS8.1 earthquake in west ofKunlun Mountain mouth and their significance[J].Earthquake,2002,22(4):106-113.
[9]车用太,鱼金子.地下流体的源兆、场兆、远兆及其在地震预报中的意义[J].地震,1997,17(3):283-289.Che Yongtai,Yu Jinzi.The focal precursors,field precursors and remote precursors of ground fluid before strong earthquakesand their significance in the earthquake prediction[J].Earthquake,1997,17(3):283-289.
[10]Rice J R,Ruina A L.Stability of steady frictional slipping[J].J.Appl.Mech.,1983,50:343-349.
[11]Dieterich J H.Time-dependent friction and the mechanics of stick-slip[J].Pure.Appl.Geophys.,1978,16:790-806.
[12]Dieterich J H.Earthquarke nucleation on faults with rate and state dependent strength[J].Tec-tonophysics,1992,211:115-134.
[13]Ohnaka M.Earthquarke source nucleation:a physical model for short-term precursors[J].Tectono-physics,1992,211:149-178.
[14]冯德益.潘琴龙,郑斯华,等.长周期形变波及其所反应的短期和临震地震前兆[J].地震学报,1984,6(1):41-57.Feng Deyi,Pan Qinlong,Zheng Sihua,et al.Long-period deformation wave affected their response to short-term and impend-ing earthquake precursors[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1984,6(1):41-57.
[15]Monastersky R.Before the quake:detecting the slow groan[J].Sci.News,1994,146(23):374.
[16]许绍燮.大尺度地层内的分层运动[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(6):14-22.Xu Shaoxie.Sub-layer movement in the large-scale stratum[J].Engineering Science,2006,8(6):14-22.
[17]许绍燮,王春珍.地层大尺度运动的一次记录[J].国际地震动态,2006(8):1-5.Xu Shaoxie,Wang Chunzhen.Arecord of movement of large-scale stratum[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2006(8):1-5.
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