汶川地震房屋建筑破坏分析与建筑抗震问题探讨
|
摘要
结合大量汶川地震第一手现场调查资料,详细介绍了砖木结构、砌体结构、钢筋混凝土框架结构和钢结构等常见结构形式建筑的震害情况,概括、总结其各自破坏形式和破坏特征,并简单探讨其破坏机理,指出各种结构形式房屋抗震设计亟待改进的部分。学校建筑和乡镇居民自建房屋在地震中破坏最为严重,并造成了严重的人员伤亡,对其破坏原因作重点分析。最后,提出房屋规划、选址、建造和装修等过程中抗震减灾和在建房屋在规范修改后抗震加固方面存在的一系列问题,以期引起业内外人士的重视并尽快得到解决。
Combining with numerous firsthand materials collecting on site after the Wenchuan earthquake,damages of the buildings with brick-timber structure,brick-masonry structure,RC frame structure and steel structure were expounded.The damage forms and aspects of each were summarized and the damage mechanisms were discussed.Then the problems of seismic design need to be improved in future were pointed out.Because buildings of schools and buildings at countryside built by the residents themselves were destroyed most severely in the earthquake,they were analyzed in emphasizes.Finally,some problems of earthquake resistance and disaster mitigation of buildings in pan,siting,construction and fitments and problems of seismic retrofit of buildings were proposed.
Combining with numerous firsthand materials collecting on site after the Wenchuan earthquake,damages of the buildings with brick-timber structure,brick-masonry structure,RC frame structure and steel structure were expounded.The damage forms and aspects of each were summarized and the damage mechanisms were discussed.Then the problems of seismic design need to be improved in future were pointed out.Because buildings of schools and buildings at countryside built by the residents themselves were destroyed most severely in the earthquake,they were analyzed in emphasizes.Finally,some problems of earthquake resistance and disaster mitigation of buildings in pan,siting,construction and fitments and problems of seismic retrofit of buildings were proposed.
引文
[1]Teng Jiwen,Bai Denghai,Yang Hui,et al.Deep processesand dynamic responses associated with Wenchuan Ms8.0earthquake[J].Chinese,Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(5):1385-1402.[滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,等.2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1385-1402.]
[2]Civil and Structural Groups of Tsinghua University,Xian U-niversity and Beijing University.Analysis on seismic dam-age buildings in the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal ofBuilding Structures,2008,9(4):1-9.[清华大学、西南交通大学、北京交通大学土木工程结构专家组.汶川地震建筑震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,2008,9(4):1-9.]
[3]Wang Yayong.Lessons learnt from building damages in thrWenchuan earthquake-three earthquake performance objec-tives and basic requirements for seismic design of buildings[J].Journal of Building Structure,2008,29(4):26-33.[王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示———三水准设防和抗震设计基本要求[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):26-33.]
[4]中华人民共和国建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB50011-2001建筑抗震设计规范(2008年版)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[5]Luo Qifeng,Shi Chunxiang,Cao Bingzheng,et al.Introduc-tion of structural aseismic research in China in recent fouryears[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2003,16(6):656-675.
[6]Shen Zhimin.Aseismic design of the brick masonry struc-ture[J].Sci-tech Information Development and Economy,2006,16(5):289-290.[沈志敏.砖砌体结构的抗震设计[J].科技情报开发与科技,2006,16(5):289-290.]
[7]Zhou Chao.Structure system&structure design of high-risebuilding[J].Science and Technology and Development ofenterprises,2008(10):149-151.[周超.高层建筑结构体系与结构设计[J].企业科技与发展,2008(10):149-151.]
[8]Hao Jinfeng,Wang Zhen,Tao Guishan,et al.Conceptualdesign of town frame structure in earthquake areas[J].World Earthquake Aengineering,2007,23(1):119-124.[郝进锋,王振,陶贵闪,等.地震区城镇建筑框架结构概念设计[J].世界地震工程,2007,23(1):119-124.]
[9]Bracci J M,Kunnath S K,Reinhorm A M.Seismic perform-ance and retrofit evaluation of reinforced concrete structures[J].Journal of Structure Engineering,1997,123(1):3-10.
[10]Vecchio F J,Collins MP.Compression response of crackedreinforced concrete[J].ASCE Journal of Structural Engi-neering,Journal of Structural Engineering,1993,119(12):3590-3610.
[11]Xiao Guiqing.Several countermeasure and improvable ad-vice of building structure seismic design[D].Wuhan:Wu-han University.2004.[肖桂清.建筑抗震设计的若干对策及改进建议[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.]
[12]Yang Junwei,Research on strategies and countermeasuresin seismic strengthening[D].Beijing:Beijing Industry Uni-versity,2006.[杨俊伟.城市建筑物抗震加固策略与对策的研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2006].
[13]Tian Jie,Liu Zhigang.Reviewand suggestions of aseismaticreinforcement in China[J].Earthquake Resistant Engi-neering and Retrofitting,2006,28(6):16-24.[田杰,刘志刚.我国抗震加固的回顾与建议[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2006,28(6):16-24.]
[14]Zhang Jingshu,Pan Baoyu.Methods and development ofpresent aseismic retrofitting[J].Earthquake Resistant Engi-neering and Retrofitting.2005,27(1):56-62.[张敬书,潘宝玉.现行抗震加固方法及发展趋势[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2005,27(1):56-62].
[15]Ian G Buckle,Ronald L Mayer.Seismic Isolation:History,Application and performance—a world view[J].EarthquakeSpectra,1990,6(2):135-148.
[16]Wu Tao.The constitution design of isolation building[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2005.[吴韬.隔震建筑构造设计[D].长沙:湖南大学,2005.]
[2]Civil and Structural Groups of Tsinghua University,Xian U-niversity and Beijing University.Analysis on seismic dam-age buildings in the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal ofBuilding Structures,2008,9(4):1-9.[清华大学、西南交通大学、北京交通大学土木工程结构专家组.汶川地震建筑震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,2008,9(4):1-9.]
[3]Wang Yayong.Lessons learnt from building damages in thrWenchuan earthquake-three earthquake performance objec-tives and basic requirements for seismic design of buildings[J].Journal of Building Structure,2008,29(4):26-33.[王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示———三水准设防和抗震设计基本要求[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):26-33.]
[4]中华人民共和国建设部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB50011-2001建筑抗震设计规范(2008年版)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[5]Luo Qifeng,Shi Chunxiang,Cao Bingzheng,et al.Introduc-tion of structural aseismic research in China in recent fouryears[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2003,16(6):656-675.
[6]Shen Zhimin.Aseismic design of the brick masonry struc-ture[J].Sci-tech Information Development and Economy,2006,16(5):289-290.[沈志敏.砖砌体结构的抗震设计[J].科技情报开发与科技,2006,16(5):289-290.]
[7]Zhou Chao.Structure system&structure design of high-risebuilding[J].Science and Technology and Development ofenterprises,2008(10):149-151.[周超.高层建筑结构体系与结构设计[J].企业科技与发展,2008(10):149-151.]
[8]Hao Jinfeng,Wang Zhen,Tao Guishan,et al.Conceptualdesign of town frame structure in earthquake areas[J].World Earthquake Aengineering,2007,23(1):119-124.[郝进锋,王振,陶贵闪,等.地震区城镇建筑框架结构概念设计[J].世界地震工程,2007,23(1):119-124.]
[9]Bracci J M,Kunnath S K,Reinhorm A M.Seismic perform-ance and retrofit evaluation of reinforced concrete structures[J].Journal of Structure Engineering,1997,123(1):3-10.
[10]Vecchio F J,Collins MP.Compression response of crackedreinforced concrete[J].ASCE Journal of Structural Engi-neering,Journal of Structural Engineering,1993,119(12):3590-3610.
[11]Xiao Guiqing.Several countermeasure and improvable ad-vice of building structure seismic design[D].Wuhan:Wu-han University.2004.[肖桂清.建筑抗震设计的若干对策及改进建议[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004.]
[12]Yang Junwei,Research on strategies and countermeasuresin seismic strengthening[D].Beijing:Beijing Industry Uni-versity,2006.[杨俊伟.城市建筑物抗震加固策略与对策的研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2006].
[13]Tian Jie,Liu Zhigang.Reviewand suggestions of aseismaticreinforcement in China[J].Earthquake Resistant Engi-neering and Retrofitting,2006,28(6):16-24.[田杰,刘志刚.我国抗震加固的回顾与建议[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2006,28(6):16-24.]
[14]Zhang Jingshu,Pan Baoyu.Methods and development ofpresent aseismic retrofitting[J].Earthquake Resistant Engi-neering and Retrofitting.2005,27(1):56-62.[张敬书,潘宝玉.现行抗震加固方法及发展趋势[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2005,27(1):56-62].
[15]Ian G Buckle,Ronald L Mayer.Seismic Isolation:History,Application and performance—a world view[J].EarthquakeSpectra,1990,6(2):135-148.
[16]Wu Tao.The constitution design of isolation building[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2005.[吴韬.隔震建筑构造设计[D].长沙:湖南大学,2005.]
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心