地震动土压力水平层分析法
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摘要
Mononobe-Okabe公式是挡土结构设计中关于侧向动土压力计算的常用方法。但Mononobe-Okabe公式的诸多假设使得其公式适用范围受限,而且无法给出地震动土压力合力作用点位置及地震动土压力强度沿墙背分布情况。为弥补以上不足,基于Mononobe-Okabe平面破裂面假设,采用水平层分析法推导地震条件下主动和被动土压力合力及其作用点位置、土压力强度分布公式,并采用图解法得到临界破裂角的显式解答。公式考虑水平和垂直地震加速度、墙背倾角、挡墙墙背与填料黏结力和外摩擦角、均布超载等诸多因素,可以适用于黏性土和无黏性土的主动和被动土压力计算。分析结果表明,地震条件下土压力强度沿墙高为非线性分布,在相应简化假设条件下公式与Mononobe-Okabe公式完全一致。
Mononobe-Okabe formula is widely used in lateral seismic earth pressure calculation in the design of retaining walls.However,application scope of Mononobe-Okabe formula is strictly limited because of too many assumptions.The distribution of seismic earth pressure strength along the back of retaining wall and the position of application point of resultant force of seismic earth pressure can't be obtained.In order to compensate above shortcomings,based on planar rupture surface assumption of Mononobe-Okabe theory,horizontal slices analysis method is suggested to deduce analytical formulas of resultant force of seismic earth pressure,application position of resultant force and distribution of seismic earth pressure;and the explicit solution of critical rupture angle is obtained by graphic method.The influencing factors including horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations,batter angle of wall back,cohesion and external friction angle between filler and back of retaining wall,equispaced overloading are considered.The formulas can be used for seismic active and passive earth pressure calculations of cohesive soil or non-cohesive soil.The analysis results show that the distribution of seismic earth pressure strength along the back of retaining wall is nonlinear.The formula is the same as Mononobe-Okabe formula under corresponding simplified assumptions.
Mononobe-Okabe formula is widely used in lateral seismic earth pressure calculation in the design of retaining walls.However,application scope of Mononobe-Okabe formula is strictly limited because of too many assumptions.The distribution of seismic earth pressure strength along the back of retaining wall and the position of application point of resultant force of seismic earth pressure can't be obtained.In order to compensate above shortcomings,based on planar rupture surface assumption of Mononobe-Okabe theory,horizontal slices analysis method is suggested to deduce analytical formulas of resultant force of seismic earth pressure,application position of resultant force and distribution of seismic earth pressure;and the explicit solution of critical rupture angle is obtained by graphic method.The influencing factors including horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations,batter angle of wall back,cohesion and external friction angle between filler and back of retaining wall,equispaced overloading are considered.The formulas can be used for seismic active and passive earth pressure calculations of cohesive soil or non-cohesive soil.The analysis results show that the distribution of seismic earth pressure strength along the back of retaining wall is nonlinear.The formula is the same as Mononobe-Okabe formula under corresponding simplified assumptions.
引文
[1]王立强,王元战,迟丽华.挡土墙地震土压力及其分布[J].中国港湾建设,2007,(5):1-5.(WANG Liqiang,WANG Yuanzhan,CHI Lihua.Seismic earth pressure on a retaining wall and its distribution[J].China Harbour Engineering,2007,(5):1-5.(in Chinese))
[2]李昀,杨果林,林宇亮.加筋格宾挡墙地震反应与动土压力分析[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(4):63-69.(LI Yun,YANG Guolin,LIN Yuliang.Analysis of seismic response and dynamic earth pressure of reinforced gabion retaining wall[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science),2009,41(4):63-69.(in Chinese))
[3]MYLONAKIS G,KLOUKINAS P,PAPANTONAPOULOS C.An alternative to the Mononobe-Okabe equations for seismic earth pressures[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2007,27(10):957-969.
[4]ICHIBARA M,MATSUZAWA H.Earth pressure during earthquake[J].Soils and Foundations,1973,13(4):75-86.
[5]SHERIF M A,FANG Y S.Dynamic earth pressure on walls rotating about the top[J].Soils and Foundations,1984,24(4):109-117.
[6]WANG Y Z.Distribution of earth pressure on a retaining wall[J].Geotechnique,2000,50(1):83-88.
[7]KOLATHAYAR S,GHOSH P.Seismic active earth pressure on walls with bilinear backface using pseudo-dynamic approach[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2009,36(7):1229-1236.
[8]AZAD A,YASROBI S.S,PAK A.Seismic active pressure distribution history behind rigid retaining walls[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2008,28(5):365-375.
[9]NOURI H,FAKHER A,JONES C J F P.Development of horizontal slice method for seismic stability analysis of reinforced slopes and walls[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2006,24(3):175-187.
[10]NOURI H,FAKHER A,JONES C J F P.Evaluating the effects of the magnitude and amplification of pseudo-static acceleration on reinforced soil slopes and walls using the limit equilibrium horizontal slices method[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2008,26(3):263-278.
[11]蒋建清,杨果林.加筋土挡墙地震稳定性分析的水平条分方法[J].中国铁道科学,2009,30(1):36-40.(JIANG Jianqing,YANG Guolin.Horizontal slice method for analyzing the stability of the reinforced retaining wall under seismic load[J].China Railway Science,2009,30(1):36-40.(in Chinese))
[12]王渭漳,吴亚中.墙背土压力分布计算的新理论及其工程应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996.(WANG Weizhang,WU Yazhong.New calculation theory of earth pressure distribution on retaining wall and its engineering application[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,1996.(in Chinese))
[13]杨剑,高玉峰,程永锋,等.地震作用下倾斜挡土墙被动土压力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(9):1391-1397.(YANG Jian,GAO Yufeng,CHENG Yongfeng,et al.Passive earth pressure of inclined retaining walls under seismic condition[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2009,31(9):1391-1397.(in Chinese))
[14]刘忠玉,闫富有.有地下水时刚性挡土墙的动主动土压力[J].岩土力学,2006,27(4):566-570.(LIU Zhongyu,YAN Fuyou.Dyanmic active earth pressure on rigid retaining walls with submerged soils[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(4):566-570.(in Chinese))
[15]林智勇,戴自航,苏美选.复杂条件下挡土墙主动土压力解析解[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(4),555-559.(LIN Zhiyong,DAI Zihang,SU Meixuan.Analytical solution of active earth pressure acting on retaining walls under complicated conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(4),555-559.(in Chinese))
[16]顾慰慈.挡土墙土压力计算手册[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005.(GU Weici.Calculation manual for earth pressure on retaining wall[M].Beijing:China Building Material Industry Publishing House,2005.(in Chinese))
[17]卢廷浩.考虑黏聚力及墙背黏着力的主动土压力公式[J].岩土力学,2002,23(4):470-473.(LU Tinghao.A formula of active earth pressure considering cohesion and adhesion force on interface of retaining wall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(4):470-473.(in Chinese))
[18]陈昌富,曾玉莹,肖淑君,等.基于CSA和薄层单元法主动土压力计算方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增2):5292-5296.(CHEN Changfu,ZENG Yuying,XIAO Shujun,et al.Calculation method of active earth pressure based on CSA and thin-layer element method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.2):5292-5296.(in Chinese))
[19]刘金龙,陈陆望,栾茂田.挡土墙土压力非线性分布的计算方法研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2008,30(4):87-90.(LIU Jinlong,CHEN Luwang,LUAN Maotian.Calculation method for nonlinear distribution of earth pressure on retaining walls[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2008,30(4):87-90.(in Chinese))
[2]李昀,杨果林,林宇亮.加筋格宾挡墙地震反应与动土压力分析[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(4):63-69.(LI Yun,YANG Guolin,LIN Yuliang.Analysis of seismic response and dynamic earth pressure of reinforced gabion retaining wall[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science),2009,41(4):63-69.(in Chinese))
[3]MYLONAKIS G,KLOUKINAS P,PAPANTONAPOULOS C.An alternative to the Mononobe-Okabe equations for seismic earth pressures[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2007,27(10):957-969.
[4]ICHIBARA M,MATSUZAWA H.Earth pressure during earthquake[J].Soils and Foundations,1973,13(4):75-86.
[5]SHERIF M A,FANG Y S.Dynamic earth pressure on walls rotating about the top[J].Soils and Foundations,1984,24(4):109-117.
[6]WANG Y Z.Distribution of earth pressure on a retaining wall[J].Geotechnique,2000,50(1):83-88.
[7]KOLATHAYAR S,GHOSH P.Seismic active earth pressure on walls with bilinear backface using pseudo-dynamic approach[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2009,36(7):1229-1236.
[8]AZAD A,YASROBI S.S,PAK A.Seismic active pressure distribution history behind rigid retaining walls[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2008,28(5):365-375.
[9]NOURI H,FAKHER A,JONES C J F P.Development of horizontal slice method for seismic stability analysis of reinforced slopes and walls[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2006,24(3):175-187.
[10]NOURI H,FAKHER A,JONES C J F P.Evaluating the effects of the magnitude and amplification of pseudo-static acceleration on reinforced soil slopes and walls using the limit equilibrium horizontal slices method[J].Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2008,26(3):263-278.
[11]蒋建清,杨果林.加筋土挡墙地震稳定性分析的水平条分方法[J].中国铁道科学,2009,30(1):36-40.(JIANG Jianqing,YANG Guolin.Horizontal slice method for analyzing the stability of the reinforced retaining wall under seismic load[J].China Railway Science,2009,30(1):36-40.(in Chinese))
[12]王渭漳,吴亚中.墙背土压力分布计算的新理论及其工程应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996.(WANG Weizhang,WU Yazhong.New calculation theory of earth pressure distribution on retaining wall and its engineering application[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,1996.(in Chinese))
[13]杨剑,高玉峰,程永锋,等.地震作用下倾斜挡土墙被动土压力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(9):1391-1397.(YANG Jian,GAO Yufeng,CHENG Yongfeng,et al.Passive earth pressure of inclined retaining walls under seismic condition[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2009,31(9):1391-1397.(in Chinese))
[14]刘忠玉,闫富有.有地下水时刚性挡土墙的动主动土压力[J].岩土力学,2006,27(4):566-570.(LIU Zhongyu,YAN Fuyou.Dyanmic active earth pressure on rigid retaining walls with submerged soils[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(4):566-570.(in Chinese))
[15]林智勇,戴自航,苏美选.复杂条件下挡土墙主动土压力解析解[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(4),555-559.(LIN Zhiyong,DAI Zihang,SU Meixuan.Analytical solution of active earth pressure acting on retaining walls under complicated conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(4),555-559.(in Chinese))
[16]顾慰慈.挡土墙土压力计算手册[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005.(GU Weici.Calculation manual for earth pressure on retaining wall[M].Beijing:China Building Material Industry Publishing House,2005.(in Chinese))
[17]卢廷浩.考虑黏聚力及墙背黏着力的主动土压力公式[J].岩土力学,2002,23(4):470-473.(LU Tinghao.A formula of active earth pressure considering cohesion and adhesion force on interface of retaining wall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(4):470-473.(in Chinese))
[18]陈昌富,曾玉莹,肖淑君,等.基于CSA和薄层单元法主动土压力计算方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增2):5292-5296.(CHEN Changfu,ZENG Yuying,XIAO Shujun,et al.Calculation method of active earth pressure based on CSA and thin-layer element method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.2):5292-5296.(in Chinese))
[19]刘金龙,陈陆望,栾茂田.挡土墙土压力非线性分布的计算方法研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2008,30(4):87-90.(LIU Jinlong,CHEN Luwang,LUAN Maotian.Calculation method for nonlinear distribution of earth pressure on retaining walls[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2008,30(4):87-90.(in Chinese))
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