2009年4月6日意大利拉奎拉(L′Aquila)M_W 6.3地震的破裂过程——视震源时间函数方法与直接波形反演方法比较
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摘要
通过对视震源时间函数方法和直接波形反演方法在意大利拉奎拉(L′Aquila)M_w 6.3地震破裂过程反演中的应用,分析比较了两种方法的特点.视震源时间函数结果表明,这次地震的破裂过程由两次子事件组成,其中第二次子事件的多普勒效应显著,表明破裂主要朝震中的东南方向传播.分别采用视震源时间函数方法和滑动角固定以及滑动角可变的直接波形反演方法对拉奎拉地震时空破裂过程进行反演所得到的结果一致表明:断层面上有两块滑动量集中的区域,分别位于震源处和沿走向(132°)方向距震源5～10 km处,最大滑动量分别约为1.2 m和1.0 m.破裂持续时间约为9.5 S.最大滑动速率达0.6～0.7 m/S,快速的破裂和上盘下盘效应导致了拉奎拉城的严重破坏.
The characteristics of apparent source time function (ASTF) method and direct wave inversion method were discussed and the spatio-temporal rupture process was investigated by application of the two methods to L Aquila earthquake.ASTF results show that there were two sub-events in this earthquake and the rupture mainly propagated southeastwards as indicated by the obvious seismic Doppler effect of the second sub-event.The spatio-temporal rupture processes obtained by the ASTF method,direct wave inversion method with fixed and without rake consistently show that there were two slip-concentrated patches which were located at the hypocenter and 5～10 km along strike direction and have the maximum slip of 1.2 m and 1.0 m, respectively.The source rupture duration time is about 9.5 s and the maximum slip-rate is about 0.6～0.7 m/s.The high slip-rate and the hanging wall /foot wall effect were responsible for the tremendous damage in L Aquilacity.
The characteristics of apparent source time function (ASTF) method and direct wave inversion method were discussed and the spatio-temporal rupture process was investigated by application of the two methods to L Aquila earthquake.ASTF results show that there were two sub-events in this earthquake and the rupture mainly propagated southeastwards as indicated by the obvious seismic Doppler effect of the second sub-event.The spatio-temporal rupture processes obtained by the ASTF method,direct wave inversion method with fixed and without rake consistently show that there were two slip-concentrated patches which were located at the hypocenter and 5～10 km along strike direction and have the maximum slip of 1.2 m and 1.0 m, respectively.The source rupture duration time is about 9.5 s and the maximum slip-rate is about 0.6～0.7 m/s.The high slip-rate and the hanging wall /foot wall effect were responsible for the tremendous damage in L Aquilacity.
引文
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[21] Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R.Travel times for global earthquake location and phase identification.Geophys.J.Int.,1991,105:429～465
[22] 刘超,许力生,陈运泰.2009年4月6日意大利拉奎拉(L' Aquila)地震快速矩张量解.地震学报,2009,31(4) :464～466 Liu C,Xu L S,Chen Y T.Quick moment tensor solution for 6 April 2009,L' Aquila,Italy,earthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2009,22(5) :449～450
[23] 张勇,许力生,陈运泰.提取视震源时间函数的PLD方法及其对2005年克什米尔M_W7． 6地震的应用.地球物理学报,2009,52(3) :672～680 Zhang Y,Xu L S,Chen Y T.PLD method for retrieving apparent source time function and its application to the 2005 Kashmir M_W7． 6 earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3) :672～680
[24] 张勇,2008． 震源破裂过程反演方法研究[博士论文].北京:北京大学地球与空间科学学院,2008 Zhang Y.Study on the inversion methods of source rupture process[Ph.D.dissertation](in Chinese).Beijing:School of Earth and Space Science,Peking University,2008
[25] Roberts G P,Michetti A M.Spatial and temporal variations in growth rates along active normal fault systems:an example from The Lazio-Abruzzo Apennines,central Italy.Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26:339～376
[2] Dreger D S.Empirical Green's function study of the January 17,1994 Northridge,California earthquake.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1994,21:2633～2636
[3] Chen Y T,Xu L S.A time-domain inversion technique for the tempo-spatial distribution of slip on a finite fault plane with applications to recent large earthquakes in the Tibetan Plateau.Geophys.J.Int.,2000,143:407～416
[4] Xu L S,Chen Y T,Teng T L,Patau G.Temporal and spatial rupture process of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake from IRIS and GEOSCOPE long period waveform data using aftershocks as empirical Green's functions.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2002,92:3210～3228
[5] Olson A H,Apsel R J.Finite faults and inverse theory with applications to the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1982,72:1969～2001
[6] Hartzell S H,Heaton T H.Inversion of strong ground motion and teleseismic waveform data for the fault rupture history of the 1979 Imperial Valley,California,earthquake.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1983,73:1553～1583
[7] 许力生.地震破裂的时空过程研究[博士论文].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,1995 Xu L S.Study on the tempo-spatial rupture process of earthquakes[Ph.D.dissertation](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,1995
[8] 许力生,陈运泰,高孟潭.1997年中国西藏玛尼M_S7． 9地震的时空破裂过程.地震学报,1999,21:449～459 Xu L S,Chen Y T,Gao M T.Earthquake rupture process of the 1997 M_S7． 9 Mani,in Tibet,China.Acta Sesimolgica Sinica (in Chinese),1999,21(5) :449～459
[9] 许力生,陈运泰.从全球长周期波形资料反演2001年11月14日昆仑山口地震时空破裂过程.中国科学D辑,地球科学,2004,34:256～264 Xu L S,Chen Y T.Temporal and spatial rupture process of the great Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake of November 14,2001 from the GDSN long period waveform data.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2005,48 (1) :112～122
[10] 姚振兴,纪晨.时间域内有限地震断层的反演问题.地球物理学报,1997,40(5) :691～701 Yao Z X,Ji C.The inverse problem of finite fault study in time domain.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,40 (5) :691～701
[11] 周云好.用远场体波反演震源破裂过程研究[博士论文].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2002 Zhou Y H.Source rupture process study with teleseismic body waves[Ph.D.dissertation](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,2002
[12] Zhou Y H,Xu L S,Chen Y T.Source process of the 4 June 2000 southern Sumatra,Indonesia,earthquake.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,2002,92(5) :2027～2035
[13] 周仕勇,陈晓非.近震源破裂过程反演研究-Ⅰ.方法和数值试验.中国科学D辑地球科学,2003,33:482～495 Zhou S Y,Chen X F.Inversion of near-field waveform data for earthquake source rupture process (I):Method and numerical test.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2003,46(11) :1089～1102
[14] 张勇,许力生,陈运泰等,2007年云南宁洱M_s6． 4地震震源过程.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(6) :683～692 Zhang Y,Feng W P,Xu L S et al.Source process of M_s6． 4 earthquake in Ning'er,Yunnan in 2007． Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2009,52(2) :180～188
[15] 张勇,冯万鹏,许力生等.2008年汶川大地震的时空破裂过程.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(10) :1186～1194 Zhang Y,Feng W P,Xu L S et al.Spatio-temporal rupture process of the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2009,52(2) :145～154
[16] Anzidei M,Boschi E,Chini M,et al.Coseismic deformation of the destructive April 6,2009 L'Aquila earthquake (central Italy) from GPS data.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2009,36,L17307,doi:10． 1029/2009GL039145
[17] Atzori S,Hunstad I,Chini M,et al.Finite fault inversion of DInSAR coseismicdisplacement of the 2009 L' Aquila earthquake (central Italy).Geophys.Res.Lett.,2009,36,L15305,doi:10． 1029/2009GL039293
[18] Cirella A,Piatanesi A,Cocco M,et al.Rupture history of the 2009 L' Aquila (Italy) earthquake from non-linear joint inversion of strong motion and GPS data.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2009,36,L19304,doi:10． 1029/2009GL039795
[19] Pino N A,1uccio F D.Source complexity of the 6 April 2009 L' Aquila (central Italy) earthquake and its strongesy aftershock revealed by elementary seismological analysis.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2009,36,L23305,doi:10． 1029/2009GL0041331
[20] Kennett B L N.Seismic Wave Propagation in Stratified Media.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1983． 1～339
[21] Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R.Travel times for global earthquake location and phase identification.Geophys.J.Int.,1991,105:429～465
[22] 刘超,许力生,陈运泰.2009年4月6日意大利拉奎拉(L' Aquila)地震快速矩张量解.地震学报,2009,31(4) :464～466 Liu C,Xu L S,Chen Y T.Quick moment tensor solution for 6 April 2009,L' Aquila,Italy,earthquake.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2009,22(5) :449～450
[23] 张勇,许力生,陈运泰.提取视震源时间函数的PLD方法及其对2005年克什米尔M_W7． 6地震的应用.地球物理学报,2009,52(3) :672～680 Zhang Y,Xu L S,Chen Y T.PLD method for retrieving apparent source time function and its application to the 2005 Kashmir M_W7． 6 earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(3) :672～680
[24] 张勇,2008． 震源破裂过程反演方法研究[博士论文].北京:北京大学地球与空间科学学院,2008 Zhang Y.Study on the inversion methods of source rupture process[Ph.D.dissertation](in Chinese).Beijing:School of Earth and Space Science,Peking University,2008
[25] Roberts G P,Michetti A M.Spatial and temporal variations in growth rates along active normal fault systems:an example from The Lazio-Abruzzo Apennines,central Italy.Journal of Structural Geology,2004,26:339～376
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