地下水位上升对上海软土场地地震反应的影响
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摘要
根据工程地质勘探和室内外试验建立上海软土场地计算模型,采用Biot动力固结理论,结合弹塑性边界面模型,研究三向地震作用下地下水位上升对场地土层地震反应的影响。利用具有水平和垂直三向完整加速度记录的Taft波构造基岩输入地震动时程曲线,分析三向地震作用下地下水位上升对土层竖向和水平加速度放大效应、竖向与水平加速度峰值比、地表加速度和反应谱特征以及沿土层深度最大孔隙水压力和孔压比的影响。计算分析表明:地下水位上升对水平向和竖向峰值加速度的放大效应影响差异显著,同时对地表加速度及其反应谱特征具有重要影响。地下水位的上升,地表水平峰值加速度放大效应增大,竖向峰值加速度放大效应减小;竖向与水平向加速度峰值比减小;土层高频滤波作用增强,长周期成分放大效应增大;近地表液化土层范围增大,加剧砂土液化危害性。
A dynamic model is developed based on the results of geological investigations as well as laboratory and field tests in Shanghai.The Biot's dynamic consolidation theory and reduced order bounding surface model are coupled to study the effect of the rise of groundwater table on the seismic ground response of soft soil undergoing 3-D seismic base excitations(which are obtained from Taft).The effect of the rise of groundwater table on the horizontal and vertical amplification factors,the ratio of vertical to horizontal peak acceleration,the characteristics of acceleration and response spectrum at ground surface as well as the maximum pore water pressure and pore water pressure ratio along the depth of soil layer are studied.The results show that the rise of groundwater table has dramatically different influences on the horizontal and vertical amplification effect as well as the characteristics of acceleration and response spectrum at ground surface.As the result of the rise of groundwater table,the amplification effect increases in horizontal direction but decreases in vertical direction.The ratio of vertical to horizontal acceleration decreases.The filtering effect on the acceleration with high frequency and the amplification effect on the acceleration with long period increase.The range of liquefiable soil near ground surface extends and hazard risk increases.
A dynamic model is developed based on the results of geological investigations as well as laboratory and field tests in Shanghai.The Biot's dynamic consolidation theory and reduced order bounding surface model are coupled to study the effect of the rise of groundwater table on the seismic ground response of soft soil undergoing 3-D seismic base excitations(which are obtained from Taft).The effect of the rise of groundwater table on the horizontal and vertical amplification factors,the ratio of vertical to horizontal peak acceleration,the characteristics of acceleration and response spectrum at ground surface as well as the maximum pore water pressure and pore water pressure ratio along the depth of soil layer are studied.The results show that the rise of groundwater table has dramatically different influences on the horizontal and vertical amplification effect as well as the characteristics of acceleration and response spectrum at ground surface.As the result of the rise of groundwater table,the amplification effect increases in horizontal direction but decreases in vertical direction.The ratio of vertical to horizontal acceleration decreases.The filtering effect on the acceleration with high frequency and the amplification effect on the acceleration with long period increase.The range of liquefiable soil near ground surface extends and hazard risk increases.
引文
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[17]YOSHIDA N,KOBAYASHI S,SUETOMI I.Equivalent linear method considering frequency dependent characteristics of stiffness and damping[J].Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22(3):205–222.
[18]LI X S,WANG Z L,SHEN C K,et al.A nonlinear procedure for response analysis of horizontally layered sites subjected to multi-directional earthquake loading[R].Davis:Department of Civil Engineering,University of California,1992.
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[20]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].2001.(GB50011—2001 Code for seismic design of buildings[S].2001.(in Chinese))
[2]GORNITZ V.Global coastal hazards from future sea level rise[J].Global and Planetary Change,1991,3(4):379–398.
[3]杨红禹,田春德.未来上海地区海平面上升对土压缩模量的影响分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2001(2):25–26.(YANG Hong-yu,TIAN Chun-de.Discussion of modulus of compressibility due to sea level rise in Shanghai region[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2001(2):25–26.(in Chinese))
[4]刘昌森,吕美丽.上海地区地震放大效应的初步探讨[J].上海地质,1998,65(1):7–13.(LIU Chang-sen,LüMei-li.Preliminary study on seismic amplification effect for Shanghai region[J].Shanghai Geology,1998,65(1):7–13.(in Chinese))
[5]黄雨,叶为民,唐益群,等.上海深厚饱和覆盖土层的动力耦合地震反应分析[J].岩土力学,2002,23(4):411–416.(HUANG Yu,YE Wei-min,TANG Yi-qun,et al.Coupled seismic response analysis of deep saturated soil covering layers in Shanghai[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(4):411–416.(in Chinese))
[6]YANG J,SATO T.Influence of water saturation on horizontal and vertical motion at a porous soil interface induced by incident SV wave[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2000,19:339–346.
[7]YANG J,YAN X R.Factors affecting site response to multi-directional earthquake loading[J].Engineering Geology,2009,107:77–87.
[8]黄雨,叶为民,唐益群,等.上海软土场地的地震反应特征分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(5):773–778.(HUANG Yu,YE Wei-min,TANG Yi-qun,et al.Characteristic analysis for seismic ground response of soft soils in Shanghai[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2005,1(5):773–778.(in Chinese))
[9]蔡宏英,周健,李相菘.上海厚覆盖软土地层动力反应分析[C]//第五届全国土动力学学术会议论文集.大连:大连理工大学出版社,1998:284–288.(CAI Hong-ying,ZHOU Jian,LI Xiang-song.Dynamic response analysis of deep soft deposit in Shanghai[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on Soil Dynamics.Dalian:Dalian University of Technology Press,1998:284–288.(in Chinese))
[10]齐文浩,薄景山.土层地震反应等效线性化方法综述[J].世界地震工程,2007,23(4):221–226.(QI Wen-hao,BAO Jing-shan.Summarization on equivalent linear method of seismic responses for soil layers[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2007,23(4):221–226.(in Chinese))
[11]YANG J,YAN X R.Site response to multi-directional earthquake loading:a practical procedure[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2009,29:710–721.
[12]王志良,韩清宇.黏弹塑性土层地震反应的波动分析方法[J].地震工程与工程震动,1981,1(1):117–137.(WANG Zhi-liang,HAN Qing-yu.Wave method for seismic response analysis of viscoelastic-plastic soil layer[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1981,1(1):117–137.(in Chinese))
[13]栾茂田,邵字.土体地震反应非线性分析方法比较研究[C]//第五届全国土动力学学术会议论文集.1998:203–209.(LUAN Mao-tian,SHAO Zi.Comparison of different methods for non-linear seismic response analysis for soil layers[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on Soil Dynamics.Dalian:Dalian University of Technology Press,1998:203–209.(in Chinese))
[14]吴世明.土动力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.(WU Shi-ming.Soil dynamics[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[15]李小军.黏弹塑性模型及土层地震反应分析[D].哈尔滨:国家地震局工程力学研究所,1987.(LI Xiao-jun.Viscoelastic-plastic model and seismic response analysis for soil layers[D].Herbing:Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,1987.(in Chinese))
[16]戚承志,钱七虎.核电站抗震研究综述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(3):76–86.(QI Chen-zhi,QIAN Qi-hu.Overview of seismic research for nuclear power plant[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(3):76–86.(in Chinese))
[17]YOSHIDA N,KOBAYASHI S,SUETOMI I.Equivalent linear method considering frequency dependent characteristics of stiffness and damping[J].Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22(3):205–222.
[18]LI X S,WANG Z L,SHEN C K,et al.A nonlinear procedure for response analysis of horizontally layered sites subjected to multi-directional earthquake loading[R].Davis:Department of Civil Engineering,University of California,1992.
[19]WANG Z L.Bounding surface hypoplasticity model for granular soils and its application[D].California:University of California,1990.
[20]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].2001.(GB50011—2001 Code for seismic design of buildings[S].2001.(in Chinese))
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