考虑多种因素影响的重力坝地震响应分析
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摘要
综合考虑坝体混凝土和坝基岩体的材料非线性、无限地基辐射阻尼等因素,对Koyna重力坝进行了地震响应分析,解释了实际震害。用传统方法对Koyna坝进行了地震响应分析,可以看出,坝体混凝土采用线弹性模型不能如实反映可能出现的裂缝分布,其结果只能对起裂位置进行一定的预测;考虑材料初始抗拉强度和抗剪强度的预设缝方法预测的开裂范围较大,考虑到实际工程都需要一定的安全储备,因此预设缝方法是合理可行的。
Considering the material nonlinearity of dam concrete and foundation rock and radiation damping of infinite foundation,a realistic seismic response analysis for Koyna gravity dam is carried out,which gives a reasonable explanation for actual earthquake damage.The same response was analyzed by using conventional methods.It can be seen that the linear elastic model for dam concrete can't truthfully reflect the possible crack distributions.It can only predict the crack location to some extent.Compared with the simulated results by using the conventional methods,the cracking scope is a little larger based on the pre-set crack method,in which initial tensile and shear strength of the material are taken into account.Therefore,the pre-set crack method is reasonable and feasible because the actual project requires some security reserves.
Considering the material nonlinearity of dam concrete and foundation rock and radiation damping of infinite foundation,a realistic seismic response analysis for Koyna gravity dam is carried out,which gives a reasonable explanation for actual earthquake damage.The same response was analyzed by using conventional methods.It can be seen that the linear elastic model for dam concrete can't truthfully reflect the possible crack distributions.It can only predict the crack location to some extent.Compared with the simulated results by using the conventional methods,the cracking scope is a little larger based on the pre-set crack method,in which initial tensile and shear strength of the material are taken into account.Therefore,the pre-set crack method is reasonable and feasible because the actual project requires some security reserves.
引文
[1]陈宗梁,陈厚群.混凝土坝地震震害和加固的实例[M].上海:上海大坝科技咨询有限公司,2003.
[2]Batta V,Pekau O A.Application of boundary elementanalysis for multiple seimic cracking in concretegravity dams[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,1996,25:15—30.
[3]Pekau O A,Cui Y Z.Failure analysis of fractureddams during earthquakes by DEM[J].EngineeringStructures,2004,26:1 483—1 502.
[4]方修君,金峰,王进廷.基于扩展有限元法的Koyna重力坝地震开裂过程模拟[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,48(12):2 065—2 069.Fang Xiujun,Jin Feng,Wang Jinting.Seismic fracturesimulation of the Koyna gravity dam using anextended finite element method[J].Journal ofTsinghua University(Science and Technology),2008,48(12):2 065—2 069.
[5]Mirzabozorg H,Ghaemian M.Non-linear behavior ofmass concrete in three-dimensional problems using asmeared crack approach[J].Earthquake Engineeringand Structcture Dynamics,2005,34:247—269.
[6]Bhattacharjee S S.Smeared fracture analysis ofconcrete gravity dams for static and seismic loads[D].Canada:McGiII University,1993.
[7]Calayir Y,Karaton M.Seismic fracture analysis ofconcrete gravity dams including dam-reservoirinteraction[J].Computers and Structures,2005,83:1 595—1 606.
[8]Cervera M,Oliver J,Faria R.Seismic evaluation ofconcrete dams via continuum damage models[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1995,24:1 225—1 245.
[9]Lee J,Fenves G L.A plastic-damage concrete modelfor earthquake analysis of dams[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1998,27:937—956.
[10]Ghrib F,Tinawi R.An application of damagemechanics for seismic analysis of concrete gravitydams[J].Earthquake Engineering and StructuralDynamics,1995,24:157—173.
[11]Calayir Y,Karaton M.A continuum damage concretemodel for earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dam-reservoir systems[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2005,25:857—869.
[12]吴建营,李杰.反映阻尼影响的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型[J].工程力学,2006,23(11):116—121.Wu Jianying,Li Jie.Elastoplastic damage model forconcrete cosidering damping effects[J].EngineeringMechanics,2006,23(11):116—121.
[13]Cervera M,Oliver J,Manzoli O.A rate-dependentisotropic damage model for the seismic analysis ofconcrete dams[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructcture Dynamics,1996,25:987—1 010.
[14]邱流潮.基于联合有限-离散元法的混凝土重力坝地震破坏过程仿真[J].水力发电,2009,35(5):36—38.Qiu Liuchao.Seismic rupture process simulation ofconcrete gravity dam based on the combined finite-discrete element method[J].Water Power,2009,35(5):36—38.
[15]陈厚群.坝址地震动输入机制探讨[J].水利学报,2006,37(12):1 417—1 423.Chen Houqun.Discussion on seismic input mechanismat dam site[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(12):1 417—1 423.
[16]何建涛,马怀发,张伯艳,等.黏弹性人工边界地震动输入方法及实现[J].水利学报,2010,41(8):960—969.He Jiantao,Ma Huaifa,Zhang Boyan,et al.Methodand realization of the seismic motion input of viscous-spring boundary[J].Journal of HydraulicEngineering,2010,41(8):960—969.
[17]何建涛.地震作用下大坝-地基体系的损伤破坏研究[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2010.He Jiantao.Study on the damage and failure of dam-foundation system under earthquake action[D].Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources andHydropower Research,2010.
[18]Abaqus 6.9 Example Problems Manual[M].ABAQUS,INC,2009.
[2]Batta V,Pekau O A.Application of boundary elementanalysis for multiple seimic cracking in concretegravity dams[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,1996,25:15—30.
[3]Pekau O A,Cui Y Z.Failure analysis of fractureddams during earthquakes by DEM[J].EngineeringStructures,2004,26:1 483—1 502.
[4]方修君,金峰,王进廷.基于扩展有限元法的Koyna重力坝地震开裂过程模拟[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2008,48(12):2 065—2 069.Fang Xiujun,Jin Feng,Wang Jinting.Seismic fracturesimulation of the Koyna gravity dam using anextended finite element method[J].Journal ofTsinghua University(Science and Technology),2008,48(12):2 065—2 069.
[5]Mirzabozorg H,Ghaemian M.Non-linear behavior ofmass concrete in three-dimensional problems using asmeared crack approach[J].Earthquake Engineeringand Structcture Dynamics,2005,34:247—269.
[6]Bhattacharjee S S.Smeared fracture analysis ofconcrete gravity dams for static and seismic loads[D].Canada:McGiII University,1993.
[7]Calayir Y,Karaton M.Seismic fracture analysis ofconcrete gravity dams including dam-reservoirinteraction[J].Computers and Structures,2005,83:1 595—1 606.
[8]Cervera M,Oliver J,Faria R.Seismic evaluation ofconcrete dams via continuum damage models[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1995,24:1 225—1 245.
[9]Lee J,Fenves G L.A plastic-damage concrete modelfor earthquake analysis of dams[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1998,27:937—956.
[10]Ghrib F,Tinawi R.An application of damagemechanics for seismic analysis of concrete gravitydams[J].Earthquake Engineering and StructuralDynamics,1995,24:157—173.
[11]Calayir Y,Karaton M.A continuum damage concretemodel for earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dam-reservoir systems[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2005,25:857—869.
[12]吴建营,李杰.反映阻尼影响的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型[J].工程力学,2006,23(11):116—121.Wu Jianying,Li Jie.Elastoplastic damage model forconcrete cosidering damping effects[J].EngineeringMechanics,2006,23(11):116—121.
[13]Cervera M,Oliver J,Manzoli O.A rate-dependentisotropic damage model for the seismic analysis ofconcrete dams[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructcture Dynamics,1996,25:987—1 010.
[14]邱流潮.基于联合有限-离散元法的混凝土重力坝地震破坏过程仿真[J].水力发电,2009,35(5):36—38.Qiu Liuchao.Seismic rupture process simulation ofconcrete gravity dam based on the combined finite-discrete element method[J].Water Power,2009,35(5):36—38.
[15]陈厚群.坝址地震动输入机制探讨[J].水利学报,2006,37(12):1 417—1 423.Chen Houqun.Discussion on seismic input mechanismat dam site[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(12):1 417—1 423.
[16]何建涛,马怀发,张伯艳,等.黏弹性人工边界地震动输入方法及实现[J].水利学报,2010,41(8):960—969.He Jiantao,Ma Huaifa,Zhang Boyan,et al.Methodand realization of the seismic motion input of viscous-spring boundary[J].Journal of HydraulicEngineering,2010,41(8):960—969.
[17]何建涛.地震作用下大坝-地基体系的损伤破坏研究[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2010.He Jiantao.Study on the damage and failure of dam-foundation system under earthquake action[D].Beijing:China Institute of Water Resources andHydropower Research,2010.
[18]Abaqus 6.9 Example Problems Manual[M].ABAQUS,INC,2009.
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