地铁车站地震破坏离心机振动台模型试验研究
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摘要
为揭示地下结构地震破坏机理,采用离心机振动台试验模拟地铁车站地震破坏过程.试验利用低强度微粒混凝土和钢丝制作了1∶50的单层双跨地铁车站模型;采用砂雨法制备了相对密实度为45%的地基模型并用硅油对其饱和;研制了适用于不同尺寸地基模型的真空饱和装置;监测了在离心加速过程中和峰值加速度分别为0.08g和0.20g的宁河波作用下地下结构及其周围土体的响应.试验结果表明:在车站结构和上覆土体自重作用下,车站立柱承受较大的轴向压力;在弱震(0.08g)作用下,结构附近土体超静孔隙水压力消散明显快于同深度其他位置土体;在强震(0.2g)作用下,3根立柱柱底发生破坏,是整个车站结构的薄弱点,车站侧墙与底板交界处出现明显裂缝.
In order to reveal the mechanism of metro station damage induced by seismic load,centrifuge shaking table test was carried out to simulate the seismic damage process of subway station.Using microconcrete with low strength and steel wire,a one-story two-span metro station model(1∶50 scale) was built.This model was placed in silica sand(saturated by silicone oil) by pluviation and the relative density was 45%.A vacuum saturation equipment was designed which is suitable to varisized foundation model.The dynamic responses of underground structure and sand were monitored during the accelerated process of the centrifuge and the excited process with Ninghe waves whose maximum acceleration peak values were 0.08g and 0.20g respectively.Test results showed that during the accelerated process of the centrifuge,large axial pressure was beard by the columns of station under the weight of metro station and overlying soil.Under the excitation of 0.08g Ninghe wave,the dissipation of the excess pore water pressure near the structure was much faster than that of other places in the same depth.When the model was subjected to 0.2g Ninghe wave,the bottom parts of all the three columns,which were the weak points of metro station,were damaged and there were appreciable cracks in the junction of sidewalls and base plate.
In order to reveal the mechanism of metro station damage induced by seismic load,centrifuge shaking table test was carried out to simulate the seismic damage process of subway station.Using microconcrete with low strength and steel wire,a one-story two-span metro station model(1∶50 scale) was built.This model was placed in silica sand(saturated by silicone oil) by pluviation and the relative density was 45%.A vacuum saturation equipment was designed which is suitable to varisized foundation model.The dynamic responses of underground structure and sand were monitored during the accelerated process of the centrifuge and the excited process with Ninghe waves whose maximum acceleration peak values were 0.08g and 0.20g respectively.Test results showed that during the accelerated process of the centrifuge,large axial pressure was beard by the columns of station under the weight of metro station and overlying soil.Under the excitation of 0.08g Ninghe wave,the dissipation of the excess pore water pressure near the structure was much faster than that of other places in the same depth.When the model was subjected to 0.2g Ninghe wave,the bottom parts of all the three columns,which were the weak points of metro station,were damaged and there were appreciable cracks in the junction of sidewalls and base plate.
引文
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[16]刘光磊.饱和地基中地铁地下结构地震反应机理研究[D].北京:清华大学,2007.LIU Guang-lei.Research on the seismic response mecha-nism of underground subway structures in saturated soil[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2007.
[17]SUN L X.Centrifuge modeling and finite element anal-ysis of pipeline buried in liquefiable soil[D].NewYork:Columbia University,2001.
[18]刘晶波,刘祥庆,王宗刚,等.土-结构动力相互作用系统离心机振动台模型试验[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(11):114-121.LIU Jing-bo,LIU Xiang-qing,WANG Zong-gang,etal.Dynamic centrifuge model test of a soil-structure in-teraction system[J].Chinese Journal of Civil Engineer-ing,2010,43(11):114-121.
[19]陈云敏,韩超,凌道盛,等.ZJU400离心机研制及其振动台性能评价[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(12):1884-1894.CHEN Yun-min,HAN Chao,LING Dao-sheng,et al.Development of geotechnical centrifuge ZJU400 andperformance assessment of the shaking table system[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(12):1887-1894.
[2]孙玲玲.浅埋地铁隧道的震动响应研究[D].北京:清华大学水利水电工程系,2008.SUN Ling-ling.Research on the seismic response ofshallow-buried subway tunnel[D].Bejing:Departmentof Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,2008.
[3]徐志英,施善云.土与地下结构动力相互作用的大型振动台试验与计算[J].岩土工程学报,1993,15(4):1-7.XU Zhi-ying,SHI Shan-yun.Large-sized shaking tabletest and calculation for soil-substructure dynamic inter-action[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,15(4):1-7.
[4]IWATATE T,KOBAYASHI Y,KUSU H,et al.In-vestigation and shaking table tests of subway structuresof the Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake[C]∥Proceedings ofthe 12th Word Conference on Earthquake Engineering.New Zealand:New Zealand Society for Earthquake En-gineering,2000:1043-1051.
[5]宫必宁,赵大鹏.地下结构与土动力相互作用试验研究[J].地下空间,2002,22(4):320-324.GONG Bi-ning,ZHAO Da-peng.Experimental researchon dynamic interaction of underground structure and soil[J].Underground Space,2002,22(4):320-324.
[6]杨林德,季倩倩,郑永来,等.软土地铁车站结构的振动台模型试验[J].现代隧道技术,2003,40(1):7-11.YANG Lin-de,JI Qian-qian,ZHENG Yong-lai,et al.Shaking table test on metro station structures in soft soil[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2003,40(1):7-11.
[7]杨林德,王国波,郑永来,等.地铁车站结构振动台试验及地震响应的三维数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(8):1538-1545.YANG Lin-de,WANG Guo-bo,ZHENG Yong-lai,etal.Shaking table test on metro station structure and 3Dnumerical simulation of seismic response[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(8):1538-1545.
[8]杨林德,王国波,郑永来,等.地铁车站接头结构振动台模型试验及地震响应的三维数值模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(12):1892-1898.YANG Lin-de,WANG Guo-bo,ZHENG Yong-lai,etal.Shaking table tests on subway station joint structureand 3Dnumerical simulation of seismic response[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(12):1892-1898.
[9]杨林德,季倩倩,郑永来,等.地铁车站结构振动台试验中模型箱设计的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,20(1):75-78.YANG Lin-de,JI Qian-qian,ZHENG Yong-lai,et al.Study on design of test box in shaking table test for sub-way station structure in soft soil[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2004,26(1):75-78.
[10]杨林德,季倩倩,杨超,等.地铁车站结构振动台试验中传感器位置的优选[J].岩土力学,2004,25(4):619-623.YANG Lin-de,JI Qian-qian,YANG Chao,et al.Op-timization of positions of sensors in shaking table testfor subway station structure in soft soil[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics,2004,25(4):619-623.
[11]陶连金,王沛霖,边金.典型地铁车站结构振动台模型试验[J].北京工业大学学报,2006,32(9):798-801.TAO Lian-jin,WANG Pei-lin,BIAN Jin.A shakingtable test method on the representative subway stationstructure[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technolo-gy,2006,32(9):798-801.
[12]陈国兴,左熹,庄海洋,等.地铁车站结构大型振动台试验与数值模拟的比较研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(1):157-164.CHEN Guo-xing,ZUO Xi,ZHUANG Hai-yang,etal.A comparison between large-size shaking table testresults and numerical simulation of a subway stationstructure[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2008,28(1):157-164.
[13]陈国兴,庄海洋,杜修力,等.土-地铁车站动力相互作用的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(2):171-176.CHEN Guo-xing,ZHUANG Hai-yang,DU Xiu-li,etal.Analysis of large-scale shaking table test of dynamicsoil-subway station interaction[J].Earthquake Engineer-ing and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(2):171-176.
[14]孙海峰.地下结构地震破坏机理研究[D],哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2011.SUN Hai-feng.Study on earthquake damage mecha-nism of underground structures[D].Harbin:Instituteof Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Adminis-tration,2011.
[15]孙超,薄景山,齐文浩,等.地下结构抗震研究现状及展望[J].世界地震工程,2009,25(2):94-99.SUN Chao,BO Jing-shan,QI Wen-hao,et al.Statusand prospect of seismic research on underground struc-tures[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2009,25(2):94-99.
[16]刘光磊.饱和地基中地铁地下结构地震反应机理研究[D].北京:清华大学,2007.LIU Guang-lei.Research on the seismic response mecha-nism of underground subway structures in saturated soil[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2007.
[17]SUN L X.Centrifuge modeling and finite element anal-ysis of pipeline buried in liquefiable soil[D].NewYork:Columbia University,2001.
[18]刘晶波,刘祥庆,王宗刚,等.土-结构动力相互作用系统离心机振动台模型试验[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(11):114-121.LIU Jing-bo,LIU Xiang-qing,WANG Zong-gang,etal.Dynamic centrifuge model test of a soil-structure in-teraction system[J].Chinese Journal of Civil Engineer-ing,2010,43(11):114-121.
[19]陈云敏,韩超,凌道盛,等.ZJU400离心机研制及其振动台性能评价[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(12):1884-1894.CHEN Yun-min,HAN Chao,LING Dao-sheng,et al.Development of geotechnical centrifuge ZJU400 andperformance assessment of the shaking table system[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(12):1887-1894.
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