地震动持时预测方程的最新研究进展
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摘要
地震动持续时间对震害的影响已不容忽视,超过一定强度的地震动持续时间可能是造成非弹性结构过度破坏和场地震害程度加重的主要原因.然而,由于长期没有公认的持时定义和广泛适用的持时预测方程,目前几乎所有的工程抗震设计中均还没有考虑持续时间的影响.总结了持时定义和预测方程的最新研究进展:介绍了用Heaviside阶梯函数分别表示括号持时、一致持时和重要持时的定义;还介绍了最近提出的全面考虑各类影响因素、更具代表性和适用性的3个持时预测方程;预示不远的将来地震动持续时间的影响必将在地震安全评价和工程抗震设计中予以考虑.
As an important factor affecting the seismic damage,the influence of the ground motion duration should not be ignored.It has been proved that duration may account for the over-destruction of the inelastic structure and aggravate the seismic damage degree.However,due to the lack of recognized definition of duration and widely applicable prediction equation in long-term,almost all engineering seismic design did not consider the impact of the duration.This paper summarizes the latest research progress of the definitions and prediction equations of ground motion duration.It is introduced that the definition of bracketed duration,uniform duration and significant duration are denoted with Heaviside function.Three recently proposed prediction equations,full consideration of multiple influencing factors,more representative and applicability,are described.It is envisaged that,in the near future,the effects of earthquake ground-motion duration will be taken into account in the seismic assessment and seismic design.
As an important factor affecting the seismic damage,the influence of the ground motion duration should not be ignored.It has been proved that duration may account for the over-destruction of the inelastic structure and aggravate the seismic damage degree.However,due to the lack of recognized definition of duration and widely applicable prediction equation in long-term,almost all engineering seismic design did not consider the impact of the duration.This paper summarizes the latest research progress of the definitions and prediction equations of ground motion duration.It is introduced that the definition of bracketed duration,uniform duration and significant duration are denoted with Heaviside function.Three recently proposed prediction equations,full consideration of multiple influencing factors,more representative and applicability,are described.It is envisaged that,in the near future,the effects of earthquake ground-motion duration will be taken into account in the seismic assessment and seismic design.
引文
[1]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,2006.
[2]Douglas J.Earthquake Ground Motion Estimation UsingStrong Motion Records:A Review of Equations for theEstimation of Peak Ground Accelerations and ResponseSpectral Ordinates[J].Earth-Science Rev.,2003,61:43-104.
[3]章在墉.地震危险性分析及其应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1996.
[4]Trifunac M D,Novikova E I.State of the Art Reviewon Strong Motion Duration[C].10th European Confer-ence on Earthquake Engineering,Duma(ed.),Balkema,Rotterdam,1995:131-140.
[5]Bommer J J,Martinez-Pereira A.Strong-motion Param-eters:Definition,Usefulness and Predictability[C].12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Auckland,2000.
[6]Lee V W.Empirical Scaling of Strong EarthquakeGround Motion-Part Ii:Duration Of Strong Motion[J].Journal of Earthquake Technology,2002,39(4):255-271.
[7]http://www.usgs.gov/faq/index.php?action=artikel&cat=118&id=1752&artlang=en.
[8]Snaebjornsson J.Th.,Sigbjornsson R.The DurationCharacteristics of Earthquake Ground Motions[C].The14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Oc-tober 12-17,2008,Beijing,China.
[9]Bommer J J,Martinez-Pereira A.The Effective Dura-tion of Earthquake Strong Motion[J].Journal of Earth-quake Engineering,1999(3):127-172.
[10]Anderson J G.Quantitative Measure of Goodness-of-fitof Synthetic Seismographs,Proceedings[C].13th WorldConference on Earthquake Engineering,Vancouver,B.C.,Canada,2004:243.
[11]John Douglas,Ground-motion Prediction Equations 1964-2010,PEER Report 2011/102[R].Pacific EarthquakeEngineering Research Center,College of Engineering,U-niversity of California,Berkeley,April 2011.
[12]Saman Yaghmaei-Sabegh,Zhila Shoghian,M.NeazSheikh.A New Model for the Prediction of EarthquakeGround-motion Duration in Iran[N].Natural Hazards,original paper,published online:06October 2011.
[13]Maurice Power,et al.An Overview of the NGA Project[J].Earthquake Spectra,2008,24(1):3-21.
[14]Priestley M J N,Calvi G M,Kowalsky M J.Displace-ment-Based Seismic Design of Structures[M].IUSSPress,2007,Pavia,Italy,721pp..
[15]Trifunac M D,Novikova E I.State of the Art Reviewon Strong Motion Duration[J].10th European Conf.Earthquake Eng.,Vienna,Austria,1994(1):131-140.
[16]Kempton J J,Stewart P J.Prediction Equations for Sig-nificant Duration of Earthquake Ground Motions Consid-eration Site and Near-Source Effects[J].EarthquakeSpectra,2006,22:958-1013.
[17]Bommer J J,Stafford PJ,Alarco?n J A.Empirical E-quations for the Prediction of the Significant,Bracketed,and Uniform Duration of Earthquake Ground Motion[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2009,99(6):3217-3233.
[2]Douglas J.Earthquake Ground Motion Estimation UsingStrong Motion Records:A Review of Equations for theEstimation of Peak Ground Accelerations and ResponseSpectral Ordinates[J].Earth-Science Rev.,2003,61:43-104.
[3]章在墉.地震危险性分析及其应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1996.
[4]Trifunac M D,Novikova E I.State of the Art Reviewon Strong Motion Duration[C].10th European Confer-ence on Earthquake Engineering,Duma(ed.),Balkema,Rotterdam,1995:131-140.
[5]Bommer J J,Martinez-Pereira A.Strong-motion Param-eters:Definition,Usefulness and Predictability[C].12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Auckland,2000.
[6]Lee V W.Empirical Scaling of Strong EarthquakeGround Motion-Part Ii:Duration Of Strong Motion[J].Journal of Earthquake Technology,2002,39(4):255-271.
[7]http://www.usgs.gov/faq/index.php?action=artikel&cat=118&id=1752&artlang=en.
[8]Snaebjornsson J.Th.,Sigbjornsson R.The DurationCharacteristics of Earthquake Ground Motions[C].The14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Oc-tober 12-17,2008,Beijing,China.
[9]Bommer J J,Martinez-Pereira A.The Effective Dura-tion of Earthquake Strong Motion[J].Journal of Earth-quake Engineering,1999(3):127-172.
[10]Anderson J G.Quantitative Measure of Goodness-of-fitof Synthetic Seismographs,Proceedings[C].13th WorldConference on Earthquake Engineering,Vancouver,B.C.,Canada,2004:243.
[11]John Douglas,Ground-motion Prediction Equations 1964-2010,PEER Report 2011/102[R].Pacific EarthquakeEngineering Research Center,College of Engineering,U-niversity of California,Berkeley,April 2011.
[12]Saman Yaghmaei-Sabegh,Zhila Shoghian,M.NeazSheikh.A New Model for the Prediction of EarthquakeGround-motion Duration in Iran[N].Natural Hazards,original paper,published online:06October 2011.
[13]Maurice Power,et al.An Overview of the NGA Project[J].Earthquake Spectra,2008,24(1):3-21.
[14]Priestley M J N,Calvi G M,Kowalsky M J.Displace-ment-Based Seismic Design of Structures[M].IUSSPress,2007,Pavia,Italy,721pp..
[15]Trifunac M D,Novikova E I.State of the Art Reviewon Strong Motion Duration[J].10th European Conf.Earthquake Eng.,Vienna,Austria,1994(1):131-140.
[16]Kempton J J,Stewart P J.Prediction Equations for Sig-nificant Duration of Earthquake Ground Motions Consid-eration Site and Near-Source Effects[J].EarthquakeSpectra,2006,22:958-1013.
[17]Bommer J J,Stafford PJ,Alarco?n J A.Empirical E-quations for the Prediction of the Significant,Bracketed,and Uniform Duration of Earthquake Ground Motion[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2009,99(6):3217-3233.
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