地震破坏管线漏损分析模型对比研究
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摘要
城市供水管网震后水力功能分析是评价管网震后服务能力的重要手段,针对震后漏损管网水力分析中的破坏管线出流量及其拓扑结构进行模型对比研究。通过管线破坏处的水流形态分析,得到了管网渗漏点和断开点的流出量表达式;利用局部水头损失与沿程水头损失间的等损失转化关系,建立了渗漏点与断开点出流模型的转化关系;比较分析了不同漏损出流模型的差异及其在震后管网水力计算中的适用性。分析和示例管网计算结果表明,渗漏点和断开点的水流量应分别由孔口出流处的局部水头损失和断开管段的沿程水头损失计算。
Hydraulic simulation of earthquake-damaged water distribution system(WDS) is essential to evaluate seismic service capacity of WDS.This paper first deduces the outflow models of pipeline damage(leaks and breaks) caused by earthquake with the help of flow pattern analysis,then presents the comparisons between outflow models of pipeline damage and topology models of damaged pipeline-networks.The transformations between leakage outflow and breakage outflow is obtained by conversions of minor head loss at the leak and the frictional head loss along the disconnected pipelines of the break.Model comparisons and application results show that the model deduced from flow pattern analysis is competent for WDS seismic performance simulation,i.e.the outflow of the pipe leakage and breakage can be deduced from the minor head loss at the leak and the frictional head loss along the disconnected pipe respectively.
Hydraulic simulation of earthquake-damaged water distribution system(WDS) is essential to evaluate seismic service capacity of WDS.This paper first deduces the outflow models of pipeline damage(leaks and breaks) caused by earthquake with the help of flow pattern analysis,then presents the comparisons between outflow models of pipeline damage and topology models of damaged pipeline-networks.The transformations between leakage outflow and breakage outflow is obtained by conversions of minor head loss at the leak and the frictional head loss along the disconnected pipelines of the break.Model comparisons and application results show that the model deduced from flow pattern analysis is competent for WDS seismic performance simulation,i.e.the outflow of the pipe leakage and breakage can be deduced from the minor head loss at the leak and the frictional head loss along the disconnected pipe respectively.
引文
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[2]O’Rourke M J,Liu X J.Response of buried pipeline subjected to earthquake effects[M].MCEER Monograph No.3,1999.
[3]American Lifelines Alliance.Seismic guidelines for water pipelines[S],2005.
[4]陈玲俐,李杰.供水管网渗漏分析研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(1):115-121.CHEN Lingli,LI Jie.Leakage analysis of water supplying networks[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(1):115-121.(in Chinese)
[5]刘鹤年.流体力学[M].2版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.LIU Henian.Fluid Mechanics[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[6]周建华,曲世琳,赵洪宾.配水管网压力与漏水量关系试验研究[J].给水排水,2005,31(8),94-97.ZHOU Jianhua,QU Shilin,ZHAO,Hongbin.A model for pressure-dependent leakage in water distribution network[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2005,31(8),94-97.(in Chinese)
[7]宋仁元.怎样防止给水系统的漏损[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988.SONG Renyuan.How to prevent the leakage of the water distribution system[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1988.(in Chinese)
[8]American Water Works Association.Water audit and leak detection[M].AWWA Manual M36,1999.
[9]Hwang H H M,Lin H,Shinozuka,M.Seismic performance assessment of water delivery systems[J].Journal of Infrastructure Systems,ASCE,1998,4(3),118-125.
[10]Shi P.Seismic Response modeling of water supply systems[D].Ithaca,NewYork:Cornell University,2006.
[11]Tabesh M,Asadiyani Yekta A H,Burrows R.An integrated model to evaluate losses in water distribution systems[J].Water Resources Management,2009,23(3):477-492.
[12]刘威,黄鹭娜,李杰.供水管线渗漏试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2011,31(4),167-173.LIU Wei,HUANG Luna,LI Jie.Experiment on leakage of water pipelines[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2011,31(4):167-173.(in Chinese)
[13]王丽娟,张宏伟.供水管网漏失模型研究[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(9),68-71.WANG Lijuan,ZHANG Hongwei.Study on leakage loss model for water distribution network[J].China Water&Waste Water,2010,26(9):68-71.(in Chinese)
[14]柳春光,何双华.城市供水管网地震时的水力分析研究[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(2),25-29.LIU Chunguang.HE Shuanghua.Hydraulic analysis of urban water supply network after strong earthquakes[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26(2),25-29.(in Chinese)
[15]Puchovsky M T.Automatic sprinkler systems handbooks[M].National Fire Protection Association(NFPA),U.S.,2009.
[16]GIRAFFE user’s manual(Version 4.2)[CP].School of Civil&Environmental Engineering,Cornell University,2008.
[17]Javanbarg M B.Integrated GIS-based seismic performance assessment of water supply systems[D].Kobe:Kobe University,2008.
[18]Rossman L A.EPANET 2.0 user manual[CP].National Risk Management Research Laboratory,Office of Research and Development,U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,2000.
[19]周毅,陈永祥,李曦.压力决定的给水管网需水量计算方法[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2011,44(1):79-82.ZHOU Yi,CHEN Yongxiang,LI Xi.Pressure driven water demand calculation in water supply network[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2011,44(1):79-82.(in Chinese)
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