地震地面运动特性对结构地震需求的影响研究现状
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摘要
在结构抗震设计和分析中,地震地面运动特性(用幅值、频谱特性和持时表示)的变异性对于结构地震需求的影响最大。震害经验表明,各类结构的震害均表现为这三个基本要素综合影响的结果。因此,从地震工程学和结构抗震两个方面,对国内外结构地震需求分析研究现状进行了较为全面的论述,包括分析方法、研究内容、影响因素等,重点论述了地面运动三要素对结构地震需求的影响,提出了存在的问题和今后尚需开展的研究工作。
The uncertainties of three essential factors of earthquake ground motions,namely amplitude,frequency content and duration,have most important effects on structural seismic demands for the structural seismic design and analysis.Previous seismic disasters have shown that the comprehensive effects of three essential characteristics dramatically influenced the collapse and failure of all kinds of structures.The review of the research on structural seismic demand analysis is presented in two aspects—earthquake engineering and earthquake resistance of structures,including analysis methods,research contents and effect factors,especially three essential factors of earthquake ground motions.
The uncertainties of three essential factors of earthquake ground motions,namely amplitude,frequency content and duration,have most important effects on structural seismic demands for the structural seismic design and analysis.Previous seismic disasters have shown that the comprehensive effects of three essential characteristics dramatically influenced the collapse and failure of all kinds of structures.The review of the research on structural seismic demand analysis is presented in two aspects—earthquake engineering and earthquake resistance of structures,including analysis methods,research contents and effect factors,especially three essential factors of earthquake ground motions.
引文
陈亮,李建中,盛光祖.2008.强地面运动持时对钢筋混凝土桥墩地震需求的影响[J].振动与冲击,27(11):154-159.
陈亮,李建中,盛光祖.2009a.如何考虑强地面运动持时的影响建立概率地震需求模型[J].地震研究,32(1):56-61.
陈亮,李建中,盛光祖.2009b.考虑强地面运动持时的概率分布对桥墩结构概率地震需求的影响[J].公路交通科技,26(2):47-52.
解丽,卢永坤,非明伦.2008.汶川8.0级地震桥梁震害[J].地震研究,32(增刊):530-534.
Applied Techno logy Council.1985.Earthquake damage evaluation datafor California[OL].ATC-13.(1985)[2010-03-01]http://www.atcouncil.org/pdfs/atc13.pdf.
American Society of Civil Engineers.2005.Seismic design criteria forstructures,systems,and components in nuclear facilities[S].Struc-tural Engineering Institute,Working Group for Seismic Design Crite-ria for Nuclear Facilities,ASCE/SEI43-05,Reston,VA,81pp.
Baker J W.2005.Vector-Valued Ground Motion Intensity Measures forprobabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis[D].Ph.D.Dissertation,Dept.of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University,California.
Barenberg ME.1989.Inelastic response of a spectrum-compatible artifi-cial accelerogram[J].Earthquake Spectra.5(3):477-193.
Bozorgnia Y,Luco N,NaeimF,et al.2007.Ground motion selection,mod-ification and simulation for seismic analysis of tall buildings[C]//Proceedings of ASCE Structural Congress.Long Beach,California,USA.
Bazzurro P,Conell C A,Shome N,et al.1998.Three proposals for charac-terizing MDOF nonlinear seismic response[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering.124(11):1281-1289.
Bolt B A.2004.Seismic input motions for nonlinear strucutral analysis[J].ISETjournal of earthquake technology.41(2-4):223-232.
Bommer J J,Guido M,Jonathan H,et al.2004.The influence of strong-motion duration on the seismic response of masonry structures[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering,2:1-26.
Chai T H,Romstad K M,Bird S M.1995.Energy-based linear damagemodel for high-intensity seismic loading[J].Structural Engineer-ing.121(5):857-864.
Cordova P P,Deierlein G G,Mehanny S S F,et al.2001.Development ofa two-parameter seismic intensity measure and probabilistic assess-ment procedure[C]//The Second U.S.-Japan Workshop on Per-formance-Based Earthquake Engineering Methodology for Rein-forced Concrete Building Structures,Sapporo,Hokkaido,11-13September,2000,187-206.
Cornell C A,Jalayer F,Hamburger R O,et al.2002.Probabilistic basis for2000SAC/FEMA steel moment frame guidelines[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering.128(4):526-533.
Vamvatsikosa D C,Cornell C A.2002.The Incremental Dynamic AnalysisAnd Its Application To Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering[C]//12th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering,479.
Vamvatsikosa D,Cornell C A.2004.Applied Incremental Dynamic Analy-sis[J].Earthquake Spectra.20(2):523-553.
El-Bahy A,Kunnath S K,Stone W C,et al.1999.Cumulative seismicdamage of circular bridge columns:benchmark and low-cycle fa-tigue tests[J].ACI Sturct J.96(4):633-641.
FEMA.1997.HAZUS97:Technical Manual.Federal Emergency Manage-ment Agency[OL],(1997-03-21)[2010-03-16],Washing-ton,DC,http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/hazus/hz-library2.shtm.
FEMA.2003.Earthquake model.HAZUS-MH MR1:Technical Manu-al.Federal Emergency Management Agency,(2003-09-10)[2010-03-01].Washington,DC,http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/hazus/hz-library2.shtm.
Han S W,Wen Y K.1997.Method of reliability-based seismic design I:Equivalent nonlinear systems[J].Journal of Structural Engineer-ing.123(3):256-270.
Hesameddin A,Eduardo M.2005.Probability-based seismic response a-nalysis[C]//Engineering Structures.27:1151-1163.
Hancock J,Bommer J J.2007.Using spectral matched records to explorethe influence of strong-motion duration on inelastic structural re-sponse[J].Soil Dynamics And Earthquake Engineering.27:291-299.
Jorge Eduardo Carballo Arevalo.2000.Probabilistic seismic demand anal-ysis:spectrum matching and design[D].Ph.D.Dissertation,Dept.of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University,California.
Jalayer F.2003.Direct Probabilistic Seismic Anaysis:Implementing Non-Linear Dynamic Assessments[D].Ph.D.Dissertation,Dept.ofCivil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University,Califor-nia.
Jalayer F,Beck J L,Porter KA.2004.Effects of ground motion uncertain-ty on predicting the response of an exiting RC frame structure[C]//13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Vancouver,Can-ada.
Jamie E,Padgett,Bryant G,et al.2008.Selection of optimal intensitymeasures in probabilistic seismic demand models of highway bridgeportfolios[J].Earthquake Engineering And Structural Dynamics,37:711-725.
Krawinkler H,Zohrei M.1983.Cumulative damage in steel structures sub-jected to earthquake ground motions[J].ComputStruct.16(1-4):531-541.
Krawinkler H,Medina R,Alavi B.2003.Seismic drift and ductility de-mands and dependence on ground motions[J].Engineering struc-tures.25:637-653.
Kwon O-S,Elnashai A.2006.The effects of material and ground motionuncertainty on the seismic vulnerability curves of RC structure[J].Engineering Structure.28:289-303.
LeRvolino I,Cornell C A.2005.Record selection for Nonlinear Seismic A-nalysis of Structures[J].Earthquake Spectra.21(3):685-713.
Lervolino I,Manfred G,Cosenza E.2006.Ground motion duration effectson nonlinear seismic response[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics.35:21-38.
LeeT H,Mosalam K M.2006.Probabilistic seismic evaluation of rein-forced concrete structural components and systems[R]//PacificEarthquake Engineering Research Center College of Engineering U-niversity of California,Berkeley.PEER Report.
Luco N,Cornell C A.2007.Structure-specific scalar intensity measuresfor near-source and ordinary earthquake groundmotions[J].Earth-quake Spectra;23:357-392.
Mackie K,Stojadinovic B.2002a.Optimal Probabilistic Seismic DemandModels for Typical Highway Overpass Bridges[C]//12th EuropeanConference on Earthquake Engineering.Paper Reference467.
Mackie K,Stojadinovic B.2002b.Relation between probabilistic seismicdemand analysis and incremental dynamic analysis[C]//NationalConference on Earthquake Engineering.
Mackie K,Stojadinovic B.2003.Seismic Demands for Performance-Based Design of Bridges[R]//Pacific Earthquake Engineering Re-search Center College of Engineering University of California,Berke-ley.
Mackie K,Stojadinovic B.2004.Fragility curves for reinforced concretehighway overpass bridges[C]//Thirteenth World Conference onEarthquake Engineering,Vancouver,BC,Canada.
Moehle J P.1992.Displacement-based design of RC structures subjectedto earthquakes[J].Earthquake Spectra,8(3):403-428.
Muto K.1960.Nonlinear response analyzers and application to earthquakeresistant design[C]//Proceedings,Second World Conference onEarthquake Engineering,Japan.2:649-668.
Nagahashi S.1980.Effects of ground motion duration upon earthquake re-sponse of structure[C]//Proc,7th WCEE.Nagasaki institute of Ap-plied Science,Nagasaki City,Nagasaki,Japan.
Naeim F,M Lew.1995.On the use of design spectrum compatible timehistories[J].Earthquake Spectra.11(1):111-127.
Praveen K,Malhotra.2003.Strong-motion records for site-specific a-nalysis[J].Earthquake Spectra.19(3):557-578.
Shome N,Cornell C A,Bazzurro P,et al.1997.Earthquake,records andnonlinear MDOF responses[R].Report No.RMS-29,Reliability ofMarine Structures,Dept.of Civil Engineering,Stanford University,Stanford,CA.
Shome N,Cornell C A,Bazzurro P,et al.1998.Earthquakes,records andnonlinear responses[J].Earthquake Spectral.14(3):469-500.
Shome N.1999.Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of non-linearstructures[D].Ph.D.Thesis,Stanford University.
Sozen MA.1980.Review of earthquake response of RC buildings with aview to drift control[C]//In State-of-the-Art in EarthquakeEngineering:7th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Erg-unay O,Erdik M.Turkey:383-418.
Stewart J P,Chiou B S J,Bray J D,et al.2001.Ground Motion EvaluationProcedures for Performance-Based Design[R].Pacific EarthquakeEngineering Research Center College of Engineering University ofCalifornia,Berkeley.PEER Report.
Takizawa H,Jennings P C.1980.Collapse of a Modal for Ductile Rein-forced Concrete Frames under Extreme Earthquake Motion[J].EE-SD,8(2):117-144.
Tothong P,Cornell C A.2006.Improved probabilistic seismic demand a-nalysis using advanced ground motion intensity measures,attenuationrelationships,and near-fault effects[D].John A.Blume Earth-quake Engineering Center,Ph.D.Thesis,Stanford University.
陈亮,李建中,盛光祖.2009a.如何考虑强地面运动持时的影响建立概率地震需求模型[J].地震研究,32(1):56-61.
陈亮,李建中,盛光祖.2009b.考虑强地面运动持时的概率分布对桥墩结构概率地震需求的影响[J].公路交通科技,26(2):47-52.
解丽,卢永坤,非明伦.2008.汶川8.0级地震桥梁震害[J].地震研究,32(增刊):530-534.
Applied Techno logy Council.1985.Earthquake damage evaluation datafor California[OL].ATC-13.(1985)[2010-03-01]http://www.atcouncil.org/pdfs/atc13.pdf.
American Society of Civil Engineers.2005.Seismic design criteria forstructures,systems,and components in nuclear facilities[S].Struc-tural Engineering Institute,Working Group for Seismic Design Crite-ria for Nuclear Facilities,ASCE/SEI43-05,Reston,VA,81pp.
Baker J W.2005.Vector-Valued Ground Motion Intensity Measures forprobabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis[D].Ph.D.Dissertation,Dept.of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University,California.
Barenberg ME.1989.Inelastic response of a spectrum-compatible artifi-cial accelerogram[J].Earthquake Spectra.5(3):477-193.
Bozorgnia Y,Luco N,NaeimF,et al.2007.Ground motion selection,mod-ification and simulation for seismic analysis of tall buildings[C]//Proceedings of ASCE Structural Congress.Long Beach,California,USA.
Bazzurro P,Conell C A,Shome N,et al.1998.Three proposals for charac-terizing MDOF nonlinear seismic response[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering.124(11):1281-1289.
Bolt B A.2004.Seismic input motions for nonlinear strucutral analysis[J].ISETjournal of earthquake technology.41(2-4):223-232.
Bommer J J,Guido M,Jonathan H,et al.2004.The influence of strong-motion duration on the seismic response of masonry structures[J].Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering,2:1-26.
Chai T H,Romstad K M,Bird S M.1995.Energy-based linear damagemodel for high-intensity seismic loading[J].Structural Engineer-ing.121(5):857-864.
Cordova P P,Deierlein G G,Mehanny S S F,et al.2001.Development ofa two-parameter seismic intensity measure and probabilistic assess-ment procedure[C]//The Second U.S.-Japan Workshop on Per-formance-Based Earthquake Engineering Methodology for Rein-forced Concrete Building Structures,Sapporo,Hokkaido,11-13September,2000,187-206.
Cornell C A,Jalayer F,Hamburger R O,et al.2002.Probabilistic basis for2000SAC/FEMA steel moment frame guidelines[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering.128(4):526-533.
Vamvatsikosa D C,Cornell C A.2002.The Incremental Dynamic AnalysisAnd Its Application To Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering[C]//12th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering,479.
Vamvatsikosa D,Cornell C A.2004.Applied Incremental Dynamic Analy-sis[J].Earthquake Spectra.20(2):523-553.
El-Bahy A,Kunnath S K,Stone W C,et al.1999.Cumulative seismicdamage of circular bridge columns:benchmark and low-cycle fa-tigue tests[J].ACI Sturct J.96(4):633-641.
FEMA.1997.HAZUS97:Technical Manual.Federal Emergency Manage-ment Agency[OL],(1997-03-21)[2010-03-16],Washing-ton,DC,http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/hazus/hz-library2.shtm.
FEMA.2003.Earthquake model.HAZUS-MH MR1:Technical Manu-al.Federal Emergency Management Agency,(2003-09-10)[2010-03-01].Washington,DC,http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/hazus/hz-library2.shtm.
Han S W,Wen Y K.1997.Method of reliability-based seismic design I:Equivalent nonlinear systems[J].Journal of Structural Engineer-ing.123(3):256-270.
Hesameddin A,Eduardo M.2005.Probability-based seismic response a-nalysis[C]//Engineering Structures.27:1151-1163.
Hancock J,Bommer J J.2007.Using spectral matched records to explorethe influence of strong-motion duration on inelastic structural re-sponse[J].Soil Dynamics And Earthquake Engineering.27:291-299.
Jorge Eduardo Carballo Arevalo.2000.Probabilistic seismic demand anal-ysis:spectrum matching and design[D].Ph.D.Dissertation,Dept.of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University,California.
Jalayer F.2003.Direct Probabilistic Seismic Anaysis:Implementing Non-Linear Dynamic Assessments[D].Ph.D.Dissertation,Dept.ofCivil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University,Califor-nia.
Jalayer F,Beck J L,Porter KA.2004.Effects of ground motion uncertain-ty on predicting the response of an exiting RC frame structure[C]//13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Vancouver,Can-ada.
Jamie E,Padgett,Bryant G,et al.2008.Selection of optimal intensitymeasures in probabilistic seismic demand models of highway bridgeportfolios[J].Earthquake Engineering And Structural Dynamics,37:711-725.
Krawinkler H,Zohrei M.1983.Cumulative damage in steel structures sub-jected to earthquake ground motions[J].ComputStruct.16(1-4):531-541.
Krawinkler H,Medina R,Alavi B.2003.Seismic drift and ductility de-mands and dependence on ground motions[J].Engineering struc-tures.25:637-653.
Kwon O-S,Elnashai A.2006.The effects of material and ground motionuncertainty on the seismic vulnerability curves of RC structure[J].Engineering Structure.28:289-303.
LeRvolino I,Cornell C A.2005.Record selection for Nonlinear Seismic A-nalysis of Structures[J].Earthquake Spectra.21(3):685-713.
Lervolino I,Manfred G,Cosenza E.2006.Ground motion duration effectson nonlinear seismic response[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics.35:21-38.
LeeT H,Mosalam K M.2006.Probabilistic seismic evaluation of rein-forced concrete structural components and systems[R]//PacificEarthquake Engineering Research Center College of Engineering U-niversity of California,Berkeley.PEER Report.
Luco N,Cornell C A.2007.Structure-specific scalar intensity measuresfor near-source and ordinary earthquake groundmotions[J].Earth-quake Spectra;23:357-392.
Mackie K,Stojadinovic B.2002a.Optimal Probabilistic Seismic DemandModels for Typical Highway Overpass Bridges[C]//12th EuropeanConference on Earthquake Engineering.Paper Reference467.
Mackie K,Stojadinovic B.2002b.Relation between probabilistic seismicdemand analysis and incremental dynamic analysis[C]//NationalConference on Earthquake Engineering.
Mackie K,Stojadinovic B.2003.Seismic Demands for Performance-Based Design of Bridges[R]//Pacific Earthquake Engineering Re-search Center College of Engineering University of California,Berke-ley.
Mackie K,Stojadinovic B.2004.Fragility curves for reinforced concretehighway overpass bridges[C]//Thirteenth World Conference onEarthquake Engineering,Vancouver,BC,Canada.
Moehle J P.1992.Displacement-based design of RC structures subjectedto earthquakes[J].Earthquake Spectra,8(3):403-428.
Muto K.1960.Nonlinear response analyzers and application to earthquakeresistant design[C]//Proceedings,Second World Conference onEarthquake Engineering,Japan.2:649-668.
Nagahashi S.1980.Effects of ground motion duration upon earthquake re-sponse of structure[C]//Proc,7th WCEE.Nagasaki institute of Ap-plied Science,Nagasaki City,Nagasaki,Japan.
Naeim F,M Lew.1995.On the use of design spectrum compatible timehistories[J].Earthquake Spectra.11(1):111-127.
Praveen K,Malhotra.2003.Strong-motion records for site-specific a-nalysis[J].Earthquake Spectra.19(3):557-578.
Shome N,Cornell C A,Bazzurro P,et al.1997.Earthquake,records andnonlinear MDOF responses[R].Report No.RMS-29,Reliability ofMarine Structures,Dept.of Civil Engineering,Stanford University,Stanford,CA.
Shome N,Cornell C A,Bazzurro P,et al.1998.Earthquakes,records andnonlinear responses[J].Earthquake Spectral.14(3):469-500.
Shome N.1999.Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of non-linearstructures[D].Ph.D.Thesis,Stanford University.
Sozen MA.1980.Review of earthquake response of RC buildings with aview to drift control[C]//In State-of-the-Art in EarthquakeEngineering:7th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Erg-unay O,Erdik M.Turkey:383-418.
Stewart J P,Chiou B S J,Bray J D,et al.2001.Ground Motion EvaluationProcedures for Performance-Based Design[R].Pacific EarthquakeEngineering Research Center College of Engineering University ofCalifornia,Berkeley.PEER Report.
Takizawa H,Jennings P C.1980.Collapse of a Modal for Ductile Rein-forced Concrete Frames under Extreme Earthquake Motion[J].EE-SD,8(2):117-144.
Tothong P,Cornell C A.2006.Improved probabilistic seismic demand a-nalysis using advanced ground motion intensity measures,attenuationrelationships,and near-fault effects[D].John A.Blume Earth-quake Engineering Center,Ph.D.Thesis,Stanford University.
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