汶川地震对村镇建筑地基破坏模式分析
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摘要
"5.12"汶川8级大地震,摧毁了村镇大批建筑物,造成了大批的人员伤亡,引发了大量的次生地质灾害,如崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖等.在汶川地区地质构造背景条件下,结合野外次生地质灾害和现场房屋震害的详细调研,从地震响应和破坏机理入手,分析了地震对村镇建筑地基破坏程度的影响因素,总结了汶川地震中村镇房屋建筑和地基的主要破坏模式;基于土结构动力相互作用的理念提出了基于刚性地基和柔性地基基础分类的地震震害预防和缓解措施;同时从经济可行性的角度提出乡镇和城区分型而治、分区预防的系统构想.
Wenchuan Earthquake destroyed a large number of buildings and induced a lot of causalities and many secondary geological disasters such as rock fall,landslide,debris flow and damming lake.Based on the geological structure of Wenchuan and a detailed field investigation of housing damage and secondary geological disasters,the earthquake damage to the building foundation is analyzed from the seismic response and failure mechanism.The main failure modes of house construction and foundation are summed up in earthquake.From the point of interaction of soil and structure,the corresponding earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation measures are proposed based on the classification of rigid and flexible foundations.Meanwhile,the classification treatment and division prevention are pointed out from the economical prespect.
Wenchuan Earthquake destroyed a large number of buildings and induced a lot of causalities and many secondary geological disasters such as rock fall,landslide,debris flow and damming lake.Based on the geological structure of Wenchuan and a detailed field investigation of housing damage and secondary geological disasters,the earthquake damage to the building foundation is analyzed from the seismic response and failure mechanism.The main failure modes of house construction and foundation are summed up in earthquake.From the point of interaction of soil and structure,the corresponding earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation measures are proposed based on the classification of rigid and flexible foundations.Meanwhile,the classification treatment and division prevention are pointed out from the economical prespect.
引文
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[22]李红培,孙鸿玲,张鹏.汶川地震房屋建筑破坏分析与建筑抗震问题探讨[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(suppl.):130.LI Hongpei,SUN Hongling,ZHANG Peng.Analysis on buildingdamages in the Wenchuan earthquake and discussion on theproblem of seismic resistant of buildings[J].Journal of SichuanUniversity:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(suppl.):130.
[23]任卫教,孟履祥,刘立渠.关于汶川地震中村镇房屋震害的几点思考[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2008,30(4):99.REN Weijiao,MENG Lüxiang,LIU Liqu.Investigation of ruralhouse damage in Wenchuan earthquake[J].EarthquakeResistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2008,30(4):99.
[24]孙柏涛,阎培雷,胡春峰,等.汶川8.0级大地震极重灾区映秀镇不同建筑结构震害概述及原因简析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(5):1.SUN Botao,YAN Peilei,HU Chunfeng,et al.Overview onseismic damage to different structures in Yingxiu Town duringWenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,2008,28(5):1.
[25]徐有邻,邸小坛.房屋倒塌过滤调查分析与结构抗灾性[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(5):1.XU Youlin,DI Xiaotan.Investigation and analysis of collapsemechanism and calamity resistance performance of structure:third anniversary memorical of 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(5):1.
[26]李钢,刘晓宇,李宏男.汶川地震村镇建筑结构震害调查与分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2009,49(5):724.LI Gang,LIU Xiaoyu,LI Hongnan.Seismic damageinvestigation and analysis on rural building in Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2009,49(5):724.
[2]杨日红,杨金中,王治华,等.千将坪滑坡特征信息遥感提取及滑坡成因机理分析[J].地球与环境,2007,35(1):85.YANG Rihong,YANG Jinzhong,WANG Zhihua,et al.Theremote sensing image information interpretation andmechanism of Qianjiangping Landslide in Three Gorges[J].Earth and Environment,2007,35(1):85.
[3]王治华.数字滑坡技术及其在天台乡滑坡调查中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(4):516.WANG Zhihua.Digital landslide technology and its applicationin investigation of Tiantai Town landslide[J].Chinese Journalof Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(4):516.
[4]李德仁,廖明生,王艳.永久散射体雷达干涉测量技术[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2004,29(8):664.LI Deren,LIAO Mingsheng,WANG Yan.Progress ofpermanent scatterer interferometry[J].Geomatics andInformation Science of Wuhan University,2004,29(8):664.
[5]马东涛,祁龙.关家沟泥石流灾害及其防治对策研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1997,8(4):94.MA Dongtao,QI Long.An approach to debris flow disaster and itsprevention countermeasures in Guanjiagou Gully[J].ChineseJournal of Geological Hazard and Control,1997,8(4):94.
[6]于晓光.本溪市下马塘镇泥石流灾害成因分析及防治建议[J].中国水土保持,2003(2):39.YU Xiaoguang.Cause analysis and prevention recommendationon the debris flow in Xiamatang Town,Benxi City[J].ChineseSoil-water Conservation,2003(2):39.
[7]王彦海,江巍.泥石流的危害与综合防治[J].灾害与防治工程,2006(1):60.WANG Yanhai,JIANG Wei.Disasters and comprehensiveprevention measures of debris flow[J].Hazards and PreventionEngineering,2006(1):60.
[8]聂高众,高建国,邓砚.地震诱发的堰塞湖初步研究[J].第四季研究,2004,24(3):293.NIE Gaozhong,GAO Jianguo,DENG Yan.Preliminary study onearthquake-induced dammed lake[J].Quaternary Science,2004,24(3):293.
[9]XIE Fuqi,HUANG Yong,WANG Junjie.The seismic damagemode of bridge in Wenchuan earthquake[C]//2011International Conference on Multimedia Technology(ICMT),Hangzhou.2011:4213-4216.
[10]Han Q,Du X,Liu J,et al.Seismic damage of highway bridgesduring the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,8:263.
[11]Hanshimoto S,Fujino Y,Abe M.Damage analysis of Hanshinexpressway viaducts during 1995 Kobe Earthquake II:damagemode of single reinforced concrete piers[J].Journal of BridgeEngineering,2005,10(1):54.
[12]Tokida K,Oda K,Nabeshima Y,et al.Damage level of roadinfrastructure and road traffic performance in the mid Niigataprefecture earthquake of 2004[J].Structural EngineeringEarthquake Engineering,2007,24(1):51.
[13]Kanamori H.Real-time earthquake damage mitigationmeasures[C]//Earthquake Early Warning System.Berlin andHeidelberg:Springer,2007:1-8.
[14]娄宇,叶正强,胡孔国,等.四川汶川5.12地震房屋震害分析及抗震对策建议[J].建筑结构,2008,38(8):1.LOU Yu,YE Zhengqiang,HU Kongguo,et al.Damage analysisof Wenchuan earthquake and suggested seismic fortificationmeasures[J].Building Structure,2008,38(8):1.
[15]于文,葛学礼,朱立新.四川汶川8.0级地震都江堰周边村镇房屋震害分析[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2008,30(4):45.YU Wen,GE Xueli,ZHU Lixin.Damage analysis on building intowns and village around Dujiangyan of Wenchuan Ms 8.0Earthquake engineering[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineeringand Retrofitting,2008,30(4):45.
[16]黄静宜,关会妹,宋洋.汶川地震北川县城地表断层破裂特征[J].防灾科技学院学报,2010,11(1):62.HUANG Jingyi,GUAN Huimei,SONG Yang.The surfacefracture rupture characteristics of Beichuan Town in Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Institute of Disaster-preventionScience and Technology,2010,11(1):62.
[17]周荣军,黄润秋,雷建成,等.四川汶川8.0级地震地表破裂与震害特点[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11):2173.ZHOU Rongjun,HUANG Runqiu,LEI Jiancheng,et al.Surfacerupture and hazard characteristics of Wenchuan earthquakewith magnitude 8.0in Sichuan Province[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,21(11):2173.
[18]曹振中,侯龙清,袁晓铭,等.汶川8.0级地震液化震害及特征[J].岩土力学,2011,31(11):3549.CAO Zhenzhong,HOU Longqing,YUAN Xiaoming,et al.Characteristics of liquefaction-induced damages duringWenchuan Ms 8.0earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,31(11):3549.
[19]侯龙清,徐红梅,曹振中,等.汶川地震液化地层类型验证及土性分析[J].岩土力学,2011,34(4):1119.HOU Longqing,XU Hongmei,CAO Zhenzhong,et al.Characteristics analysis of liquefied soil in Wenchuanearthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,34(4):1119.
[20]曹振中,袁晓铭,王维铭,等.汶川地震砂砾土液化分布及土性特征初步研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(suppl.):312.CAO Zhenzhong,YUAN Xiaoming,WANG Weiming,et al.Distribution and characteristics of gravelly soils liquefaction inthe Wenchuan Ms 8.0earthquake[J].China Civil EngineeringJournal,2010,43(suppl.):312.
[21]李培振,程磊,吕西林,等.可液化土高层结构地震相互作用振动台试验[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(4):468.LI Peizhen,CHENG Lei,LXilin,et al.Shaking table testingon high-rise buildings considering liquefiable soil-structureinteraction[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2010,38(4):468.
[22]李红培,孙鸿玲,张鹏.汶川地震房屋建筑破坏分析与建筑抗震问题探讨[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(suppl.):130.LI Hongpei,SUN Hongling,ZHANG Peng.Analysis on buildingdamages in the Wenchuan earthquake and discussion on theproblem of seismic resistant of buildings[J].Journal of SichuanUniversity:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(suppl.):130.
[23]任卫教,孟履祥,刘立渠.关于汶川地震中村镇房屋震害的几点思考[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2008,30(4):99.REN Weijiao,MENG Lüxiang,LIU Liqu.Investigation of ruralhouse damage in Wenchuan earthquake[J].EarthquakeResistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2008,30(4):99.
[24]孙柏涛,阎培雷,胡春峰,等.汶川8.0级大地震极重灾区映秀镇不同建筑结构震害概述及原因简析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(5):1.SUN Botao,YAN Peilei,HU Chunfeng,et al.Overview onseismic damage to different structures in Yingxiu Town duringWenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,2008,28(5):1.
[25]徐有邻,邸小坛.房屋倒塌过滤调查分析与结构抗灾性[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(5):1.XU Youlin,DI Xiaotan.Investigation and analysis of collapsemechanism and calamity resistance performance of structure:third anniversary memorical of 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(5):1.
[26]李钢,刘晓宇,李宏男.汶川地震村镇建筑结构震害调查与分析[J].大连理工大学学报,2009,49(5):724.LI Gang,LIU Xiaoyu,LI Hongnan.Seismic damageinvestigation and analysis on rural building in Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2009,49(5):724.
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