地震灾害作用下长输管道安全性研究进展
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摘要
地震是威胁长输管道安全的一种最为严重的自然灾害。近年来,地震灾害频繁发生,而且随着大型天然气管道工程的建设和大口径、高压力管道钢的投入使用,研究地震作用下长输管道的安全性对保障管道安全可靠运行有着重要意义。本文对国内外在长输管道的地震反应与稳定性研究领域内的现状及存在的问题进行了综述,在此基础上,指出应当深入对气固耦合作用下管道的力学响应、高级别管道钢在地震灾害作用下的安全性、特殊土体和多种地质灾害共同作用下管道的破坏机理以及地震灾害级别与管道破坏关联性等方面进行研究,以为采取相应的抗震措施提供依据。
Earthquake is the most severe natural disaster threatening safety of pipelines,and the compression,distortion and cracks of pipelines will occur under seismic action.In recent years,earthquakes have occurred frequently and,with the construction of large long-distance natural gas pipelines and the use of large-diameter and high-pressure steel pipes,the research of the safety of pipelines under seismic action to guarantee the safe and reliable operation of pipelines is critical.At present,scholars have established many models on analyzing the damage patterns of pipelines under seismic action and lots of achievements on theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and experimental research have been made.Based on the description of progress both at home and abroad,this paper points out that the mechanical response of pipelines under gas-solid coupling,the safety of higher level steel pipelines under seismic action,the damage mechanism of pipelines under peculiar soil and various geological disasters,and the relevance between seismic hazard and pipeline damage should be further studied.
Earthquake is the most severe natural disaster threatening safety of pipelines,and the compression,distortion and cracks of pipelines will occur under seismic action.In recent years,earthquakes have occurred frequently and,with the construction of large long-distance natural gas pipelines and the use of large-diameter and high-pressure steel pipes,the research of the safety of pipelines under seismic action to guarantee the safe and reliable operation of pipelines is critical.At present,scholars have established many models on analyzing the damage patterns of pipelines under seismic action and lots of achievements on theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and experimental research have been made.Based on the description of progress both at home and abroad,this paper points out that the mechanical response of pipelines under gas-solid coupling,the safety of higher level steel pipelines under seismic action,the damage mechanism of pipelines under peculiar soil and various geological disasters,and the relevance between seismic hazard and pipeline damage should be further studied.
引文
[1]帅健,王晓霖,左尚志.地质灾害作用下管道的破坏行为与防护对策[J].焊管,2008,31(5):9-15.
[2]赵忠刚,姚安林.长输管道地质灾害的类型、防控措施和预测方法[J].石油工程建设,2006,32(1):7-12.
[3]董鲁生,郭书太,程仲元,等.长输管道工程勘察技术发展展望[J].石油规划设计,2002,13(6):4-7.
[4]Nazmy,A.S.,A.M.Abdel-Ghaffar.Three-dimensional nonlin-ear static analysis of cable-stayed bridge[J].Computes&Struc-tures,1990,31:257-271.
[5]郝建斌,刘建平.地震灾害对长输油气管道的危害[J].油气储运,2008,28(11):27-30.
[6]Jones,T.D.张春艳译.Three large intraplate earthquake near Tennant Creek,Northern Territory,Australia,on22January 1988[J].国际地震动态,1990(3):21-25.
[7]Chen,W.W.,B.Shih.Seismic response of natural gas and water pipelines in the Ji-Ji earthquake[J].Soil Dynamics and Earth-quake Engineering,2002,22:1209-1214.
[8]朱秀星.地质灾害环境下埋地油气管线安全性研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),硕士学位论文,2009.
[9]陈冠卿.高地震烈度区埋地管道抗震强度计算[J].油气储运,1985,4(1):32-43.
[10]张永国,陆朝荣,于佰俭.防止埋地管道上浮的措施[J].油气储运,1999,18(8):48-49.
[11]刘全林,杨敏.地埋管与土相互作用分析模型及其参数确定[J].岩土力学,2004,25(5):728-731.
[12]肖宏彬,欧阳建湘.变截面弹性地基梁分析的有限单元法[J].株洲工学院学报,2003,17(5):96-100.
[13]赵林,冯启民.埋地管线有限元建模方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(2):53-57.
[14]胡明祎.跨越断层埋地管线数值模拟分析[D].北京:中国地震局工程力学研究所,硕士学位论文,2005.
[15]Newmark,N.M.,W.J.Hall.Pipeline design to resist large fault displacement[A].Proceedings of the U.S.National Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].Oakland,California:Earthquake Engineering Research Institute,1975:416-425.
[16]Kennedy,R.P.,A.W.Chow,R.A.Williwamson.Fault move-ment effects on buried oil pipeline[J].Journal of the Transpor-tation Engineering Division,1997,ASCE:617-633.
[17]Wang,L.R.L.,L.J.Wang.Buried pipelines in large fault move-ments[A].Proceedings of the4th U.S.Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering[C].San Francisco:ASCE,1995,8:152-159.
[18]Lee,B.J.,T.Ariman.Buckling of buried pipeline crossing a seismi-cally active fault[A].Seismic Performance of Pipelines and Storage Tanks[C].New Orleans:ASME,1985:pvp-wol98-4.
[19]张素灵,许建东,曹华明,等.地震断层作用对地下输油(气)管道破坏的分析[J].地震地质,2001,23(3):432-438.
[20]Vougioukas,E.A.,C.Theodossis,P.G.Carvdis.Seismic analy-sis of buried pipelines subjected to vertical fault movement[A].Proceedings of the3rd US Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering[C].Los Angeles:ASCE,1991,8:432-441.
[21]Karadeniz,H.Earthquake analysis of buried structures and pipe-lines based on Rayleigh wave propagation[A].Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference[C].Seattle,Washington:ISOPE,2000,4:227-234.
[22]Hadid,M.,H.Afra.Sensitivity analysis of site effects on re-sponse spectra of pipelines[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2000,20:249-260.
[23]闫相祯,张立松,杨秀娟.管道穿越地震断层管土耦合大变形壳模型的应变响应规律研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(8):132-139.
[24]Liu,A.W.,S.R.Takada,Y.X.Hu.A shell model with an e-quivalent boundary for buried pipelines under the fault move-ment[A].13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].Vancouver,IAEE,2004.
[25]郭恩栋,冯启民.跨断层埋地钢管道抗震计算方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,21(4):43-47.
[26]Kouretzis,G.P.,G.D.Bouckovalas,J.Charis Gantes.3-D shell analysis of cylindrical underground structures under seismic shear(S)wave action[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engi-neering,2006,26:909-921.
[27]Trifonov,O.V.,V.P.Cherniy.A semi-analytical approach to a nonlinear stress-strain analysis of buried steel pipelines crossing active faults[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30:1298-1308.
[28]Vazouras,P.,S.A.Karamanos,P.Dakoulas.Finite element a-nalysis of buried steel pipelines under strike-slip fault displace-ments[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30:1361-1376.
[29]Liu,P.F.,J.Y.Zheng,B.J.Zhang,et al.Failure analysis of nat-ural gas buried X65steel pipeline under deflection load using fi-nite element method[J].Materials and Design,2010,31:1384-1391.
[30]高田至郎.地下管线抗震[M].北京:学术书刊出版社,1988:59-71.
[31]冯启民,郭恩栋.跨断层埋地管道抗震试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(1):56-61.
[32]Yasuda,S.,H.Kishino,K.Yoshizaki,et al.Conutermeasures of buried steel pipes against surface fault rapture[A].13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].Vancouver,IAEE,2004:916.
[33]Abdoun,T.H.,D.Ha,M.J.O’Rourke,et al.Factors influen-cing the behavior of buried pipelines subjected to earthquake faulting[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2009,29:415-427.
[34]Choo,Y.W.,T.H.Abdoun,M.J.O’Rourke,et al.Remediation for buried pipeline systems under permanent ground deformation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2007,27:1043-1055.
[2]赵忠刚,姚安林.长输管道地质灾害的类型、防控措施和预测方法[J].石油工程建设,2006,32(1):7-12.
[3]董鲁生,郭书太,程仲元,等.长输管道工程勘察技术发展展望[J].石油规划设计,2002,13(6):4-7.
[4]Nazmy,A.S.,A.M.Abdel-Ghaffar.Three-dimensional nonlin-ear static analysis of cable-stayed bridge[J].Computes&Struc-tures,1990,31:257-271.
[5]郝建斌,刘建平.地震灾害对长输油气管道的危害[J].油气储运,2008,28(11):27-30.
[6]Jones,T.D.张春艳译.Three large intraplate earthquake near Tennant Creek,Northern Territory,Australia,on22January 1988[J].国际地震动态,1990(3):21-25.
[7]Chen,W.W.,B.Shih.Seismic response of natural gas and water pipelines in the Ji-Ji earthquake[J].Soil Dynamics and Earth-quake Engineering,2002,22:1209-1214.
[8]朱秀星.地质灾害环境下埋地油气管线安全性研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),硕士学位论文,2009.
[9]陈冠卿.高地震烈度区埋地管道抗震强度计算[J].油气储运,1985,4(1):32-43.
[10]张永国,陆朝荣,于佰俭.防止埋地管道上浮的措施[J].油气储运,1999,18(8):48-49.
[11]刘全林,杨敏.地埋管与土相互作用分析模型及其参数确定[J].岩土力学,2004,25(5):728-731.
[12]肖宏彬,欧阳建湘.变截面弹性地基梁分析的有限单元法[J].株洲工学院学报,2003,17(5):96-100.
[13]赵林,冯启民.埋地管线有限元建模方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(2):53-57.
[14]胡明祎.跨越断层埋地管线数值模拟分析[D].北京:中国地震局工程力学研究所,硕士学位论文,2005.
[15]Newmark,N.M.,W.J.Hall.Pipeline design to resist large fault displacement[A].Proceedings of the U.S.National Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].Oakland,California:Earthquake Engineering Research Institute,1975:416-425.
[16]Kennedy,R.P.,A.W.Chow,R.A.Williwamson.Fault move-ment effects on buried oil pipeline[J].Journal of the Transpor-tation Engineering Division,1997,ASCE:617-633.
[17]Wang,L.R.L.,L.J.Wang.Buried pipelines in large fault move-ments[A].Proceedings of the4th U.S.Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering[C].San Francisco:ASCE,1995,8:152-159.
[18]Lee,B.J.,T.Ariman.Buckling of buried pipeline crossing a seismi-cally active fault[A].Seismic Performance of Pipelines and Storage Tanks[C].New Orleans:ASME,1985:pvp-wol98-4.
[19]张素灵,许建东,曹华明,等.地震断层作用对地下输油(气)管道破坏的分析[J].地震地质,2001,23(3):432-438.
[20]Vougioukas,E.A.,C.Theodossis,P.G.Carvdis.Seismic analy-sis of buried pipelines subjected to vertical fault movement[A].Proceedings of the3rd US Conference on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering[C].Los Angeles:ASCE,1991,8:432-441.
[21]Karadeniz,H.Earthquake analysis of buried structures and pipe-lines based on Rayleigh wave propagation[A].Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference[C].Seattle,Washington:ISOPE,2000,4:227-234.
[22]Hadid,M.,H.Afra.Sensitivity analysis of site effects on re-sponse spectra of pipelines[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2000,20:249-260.
[23]闫相祯,张立松,杨秀娟.管道穿越地震断层管土耦合大变形壳模型的应变响应规律研究[J].土木工程学报,2010,43(8):132-139.
[24]Liu,A.W.,S.R.Takada,Y.X.Hu.A shell model with an e-quivalent boundary for buried pipelines under the fault move-ment[A].13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].Vancouver,IAEE,2004.
[25]郭恩栋,冯启民.跨断层埋地钢管道抗震计算方法研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,21(4):43-47.
[26]Kouretzis,G.P.,G.D.Bouckovalas,J.Charis Gantes.3-D shell analysis of cylindrical underground structures under seismic shear(S)wave action[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engi-neering,2006,26:909-921.
[27]Trifonov,O.V.,V.P.Cherniy.A semi-analytical approach to a nonlinear stress-strain analysis of buried steel pipelines crossing active faults[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30:1298-1308.
[28]Vazouras,P.,S.A.Karamanos,P.Dakoulas.Finite element a-nalysis of buried steel pipelines under strike-slip fault displace-ments[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2010,30:1361-1376.
[29]Liu,P.F.,J.Y.Zheng,B.J.Zhang,et al.Failure analysis of nat-ural gas buried X65steel pipeline under deflection load using fi-nite element method[J].Materials and Design,2010,31:1384-1391.
[30]高田至郎.地下管线抗震[M].北京:学术书刊出版社,1988:59-71.
[31]冯启民,郭恩栋.跨断层埋地管道抗震试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(1):56-61.
[32]Yasuda,S.,H.Kishino,K.Yoshizaki,et al.Conutermeasures of buried steel pipes against surface fault rapture[A].13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].Vancouver,IAEE,2004:916.
[33]Abdoun,T.H.,D.Ha,M.J.O’Rourke,et al.Factors influen-cing the behavior of buried pipelines subjected to earthquake faulting[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2009,29:415-427.
[34]Choo,Y.W.,T.H.Abdoun,M.J.O’Rourke,et al.Remediation for buried pipeline systems under permanent ground deformation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2007,27:1043-1055.
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