1927年古浪8级地震的震灾特征与启示
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摘要
1927年5月23日在甘肃古浪附近发生了一次8级大地震,震中烈度达Ⅺ度,造成数万人伤亡和大量建筑物毁坏,给人民生命财产造成了极大损失.根据历史地震记载资料和新收集补充的震害调查资料,首先分析了1927年古浪8级地震的地表破裂带特征,进而根据各破坏点的烈度情况,修改完善并重新编绘了本次地震的等震线图.分别从人员伤亡、房屋破坏、土地破坏、文物破坏及交通通讯破坏等方面分析了1927年古浪8级地震的震灾特征.地震引发的大规模滑坡、崩塌和严重的次生水灾等进一步加剧了震害程度,并造成了无法估量的文物群破坏.科学总结和分析本次地震的震灾特征,对未来的大震科学研究、震灾防御和应急救援等均有重要科学意义和实用价值.
On 23, May, 1927, an Ms 8 earthquake happened around Gulang county, Gansu Province and the epicenter intensity was Ⅺ, resulting in tens of thousands of casualties and damage to a large number of buildings. Based on the historical earthquake information as well as original and supplementary field investigation documents, this study comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of the surface rupture zone of the Gulang Ms 8 earthquake and then, according to the intensity of every damage district, the isoseismal line was amended and re-compiled. The characteristics of seismic hazards from casualties, house damage, land damage, cultural relic damage as well as communications destruction were discussed. The summary and analysis of the seismic hazards of the Ms 8.0 Gulang earthquake here would provide some important scientific implication and practical values in major earthquakes study, seismic hazard prevention and emergency rescue.
On 23, May, 1927, an Ms 8 earthquake happened around Gulang county, Gansu Province and the epicenter intensity was Ⅺ, resulting in tens of thousands of casualties and damage to a large number of buildings. Based on the historical earthquake information as well as original and supplementary field investigation documents, this study comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of the surface rupture zone of the Gulang Ms 8 earthquake and then, according to the intensity of every damage district, the isoseismal line was amended and re-compiled. The characteristics of seismic hazards from casualties, house damage, land damage, cultural relic damage as well as communications destruction were discussed. The summary and analysis of the seismic hazards of the Ms 8.0 Gulang earthquake here would provide some important scientific implication and practical values in major earthquakes study, seismic hazard prevention and emergency rescue.
引文
[1]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.甘肃省地震资料汇编[M].北京:地震出版社,1989:125,486-493,445-448.
[2]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.一九二零年海原大地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1980.
[3]郭增建,马宗晋.中国特大地震研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1988:218-229.
[4]周光.甘肃省山丹地震的地质现象[J].地质学报,1954,34(3):291-300.
[5]贾云鸿.1927年古浪大地震地质构造背景及其成因的初步探讨[J].西北地震学报,1982,4(3):78-82.
[6]贾云鸿,陈志泰,戴华光,等.1927年古浪地震断层特征及其与活动断层的关系[C]//中国地震断层研究.乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1988:54-60.
[7]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.陕甘宁青四省(区)强地震目录[M].西安:陕西科技出版社,1985:92-93.
[8]郑文俊,袁道阳,张冬丽,等.1927年古浪8级地震的破裂习性及破裂机制的数值模拟[J].中国地震,2004,20(4):31-41.
[9]邹谨敞,邵顺妹,蒋荣发.古浪地震滑坡的分布规律和构造意义[J].中国地震,1994,10(2):168-174.
[10]陈永明,刘洪春,曾文浩,等.古浪大震的地质灾害及破坏特征[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(3):85-89.
[11]中国西北文献丛书编辑委员会编.西北稀见方志文献:古浪县志[M].兰州:兰州古籍书店,1990.
[12]张改妍.1927年甘肃古浪地震灾害考察[J].西昌学院学报:社会科学版,2012,14(2):126-128.
[13]甘肃地方史志编纂委员会.甘肃省志(第2卷)大事记[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1989:237.
[14]贺凤梧.一九二七年的凉州大地震[C]//甘肃文史资料选辑(第2辑),中国人民政治协商会议甘肃省委员会文史资料和学习委员会.兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1985:171-174.
[2]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.一九二零年海原大地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1980.
[3]郭增建,马宗晋.中国特大地震研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1988:218-229.
[4]周光.甘肃省山丹地震的地质现象[J].地质学报,1954,34(3):291-300.
[5]贾云鸿.1927年古浪大地震地质构造背景及其成因的初步探讨[J].西北地震学报,1982,4(3):78-82.
[6]贾云鸿,陈志泰,戴华光,等.1927年古浪地震断层特征及其与活动断层的关系[C]//中国地震断层研究.乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1988:54-60.
[7]国家地震局兰州地震研究所.陕甘宁青四省(区)强地震目录[M].西安:陕西科技出版社,1985:92-93.
[8]郑文俊,袁道阳,张冬丽,等.1927年古浪8级地震的破裂习性及破裂机制的数值模拟[J].中国地震,2004,20(4):31-41.
[9]邹谨敞,邵顺妹,蒋荣发.古浪地震滑坡的分布规律和构造意义[J].中国地震,1994,10(2):168-174.
[10]陈永明,刘洪春,曾文浩,等.古浪大震的地质灾害及破坏特征[J].西北地震学报,1999,21(3):85-89.
[11]中国西北文献丛书编辑委员会编.西北稀见方志文献:古浪县志[M].兰州:兰州古籍书店,1990.
[12]张改妍.1927年甘肃古浪地震灾害考察[J].西昌学院学报:社会科学版,2012,14(2):126-128.
[13]甘肃地方史志编纂委员会.甘肃省志(第2卷)大事记[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1989:237.
[14]贺凤梧.一九二七年的凉州大地震[C]//甘肃文史资料选辑(第2辑),中国人民政治协商会议甘肃省委员会文史资料和学习委员会.兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1985:171-174.
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