地震采集面元尺度与成像横向分辨能力分析
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摘要
在分析地震采集面元尺度一般性设计的基础上,通过地震模型不同采集道间距的正演模拟成像结果分析,验证了采用不同道距成像解释结果存在较大差异。道距越大解释难度越大,误差也越大,道距越小,成像解释结果与实际地质构造越接近。通过对实际不同面元尺度的地震成像结果分析,揭示了较大面元的断层成像存在同相串轴现象,准确判别解释难度大。小面元的断层成像面窄而清晰,易于判别与解释,不同程度地提高了地震横向分辨能力。结合以往勘探的应用情况,根据不同地震勘探阶段的地质任务需求,给出了在新区地震勘探、高精度地震勘探、滚动开发地震勘探阶段设计采集面元尺度时的建议,可供地震勘探采集面元设计时参考。
Based on the analyses of general bin size design of seismic survey,the imaging of forward modeling with different trace spacing verifies that interpretation results are quite different for different tracing spacing.The larger the trace spacing is,the more difficult the interpretation is,and the greater the error is.The smaller the trace spacing is,the closer the interpretation results are to the real geologic structures.Analyses of real seismic imaging with different bin sizes reveal that event-crossing may occur on imaging section of fault when bin size is large,making it very difficult to accurately identify fault.In contrast,imaging section of fault is narrow and clear when bin size is small,making it easy to interpret fault,thus increasing lateral resolution of seismic data.In conjunction with the previous exploration application and according to the geologic task in different seismic exploration stages,we present corresponding proposals of bin sizes for seismic exploration in frontier area,high resolution seismic exploration,seismic exploration during rolling exploration and development.
Based on the analyses of general bin size design of seismic survey,the imaging of forward modeling with different trace spacing verifies that interpretation results are quite different for different tracing spacing.The larger the trace spacing is,the more difficult the interpretation is,and the greater the error is.The smaller the trace spacing is,the closer the interpretation results are to the real geologic structures.Analyses of real seismic imaging with different bin sizes reveal that event-crossing may occur on imaging section of fault when bin size is large,making it very difficult to accurately identify fault.In contrast,imaging section of fault is narrow and clear when bin size is small,making it easy to interpret fault,thus increasing lateral resolution of seismic data.In conjunction with the previous exploration application and according to the geologic task in different seismic exploration stages,we present corresponding proposals of bin sizes for seismic exploration in frontier area,high resolution seismic exploration,seismic exploration during rolling exploration and development.
引文
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[13]李浩,游瑜春,郑亚斌,等.应用测井技术识别碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩地质事件及其差异[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(1):142-149.Li Hao,You Yuchun,Zheng Yabin,et al.Logging identifica-tion methods of clastic and carbonate rocksand their differences[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(1):142-149.
[14]郑和荣,尹伟,胡宗全,等.中西部碎屑岩领域油气富集主控因素与勘探方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):753-762.Zheng Herong,Yin Wei,Hu Zongquan,et al.Main control-ling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation and potential explora-tion targets in clastic sequences in western-central China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(6):753-762.
[2]吕公河.高精度地震勘探采集技术探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):261-266.LüGonghe.Discussion of high-precision seismic prospectingacquisition technology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(3):261-266.
[3]熊金良,岳英,杨勇,等.面元大小与纵向分辨率关系[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):489-491.Xiong Jinliang,Yue Ying,Yang Yong,et al.Relationship be-tween bin size and inline resolution[J].Oil Geophysical Pros-pecting,2006,41(4):489-491.
[4]夏洪瑞.道间距对偏移结果影响的讨论[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(1):33-38.Xia Hongrui.Effects of group interval on migration[J].Pro-gress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,30(1):33-38.
[5]吴安楚.宽方位三维地震采集设计技术及应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2009,16(3):65-67.Wu Anchu.Acquisition design technique with wide azimuth seismic and its application[J].Petroleum Geology and Recov-ery Efficiency,2009,16(3):65-67.
[6]刘书会.济阳坳陷三维地震二次采集资料的地质效果[J].油气地质与采收率,2007,14(3):64-66.Liu Shuhui.Geologic effect of3D seismic secondary acquisition data in Jiyang Depression[J].Petroleum Geology and Recov-ery Efficiency,2007,14(3):64-66.
[7]沈财余.东营凹陷三维地震采集评述[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(1):42-44.Shen Caiyu.Discussion on3-D seismic acquisition in Dongy-ing sag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2004,11(1):42-44.
[8]苏心华.复杂地区细分面元采集方法不利因素分析[J].小型油气藏,2005,10(3):13-17.Su Xinhua.Unfavorable factors of the subdivision bin acquisi-tion method in complex areas[J].Small Hydrocarbon Reser-voirs,2005,10(3):13-17.
[9]管树巍,杨海军,韩剑发,等.塔中低凹起的构造属性和解释方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(54):777-786.Guan Shuwei,Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa,et al.Structural properties and interpretation methods of the Tazhong Low Sali-ent[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(54):777-786.
[10]张玲,魏萍,肖席珍.SEC储量评估特点及影响因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(2):293-301.Zhang Ling,Wei Ping,Xiao Xizhen.Characteristics and their influential factors of SEC reserve evaluation[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(2):293-301.
[11]边立恩,于茜,韩自军,等.基于谱分解技术的储层定量地震解释[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(54):718-723.Bian Li’en,Yu Qian,Han Zijun,et al.Quantitative seismic interpretation of reservoirs based on the spectral decomposition technique[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(54):718-723.
[12]张军华,郑旭刚,王伟,等.面元细分处理资料的分辨率定量评价[J].油气地球物理,2009,7(3):14-17.Zhang Junhua,Zheng Xugang,Wang Wei,et al.The quanti-tative evaluation of resolution for bin-divisible seismic data[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2009,7(3):14-17.
[13]李浩,游瑜春,郑亚斌,等.应用测井技术识别碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩地质事件及其差异[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(1):142-149.Li Hao,You Yuchun,Zheng Yabin,et al.Logging identifica-tion methods of clastic and carbonate rocksand their differences[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(1):142-149.
[14]郑和荣,尹伟,胡宗全,等.中西部碎屑岩领域油气富集主控因素与勘探方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):753-762.Zheng Herong,Yin Wei,Hu Zongquan,et al.Main control-ling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation and potential explora-tion targets in clastic sequences in western-central China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(6):753-762.
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