四川省城乡居民应对突发公共卫生事件知识与技能现况调查
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摘要
目的了解四川省城乡居民应对突发公共卫生事件知识与技能现状,为确定突发公共卫生事件健康教育和干预提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取四川省城乡居民2000人进行问卷调查。结果调查对象中做过家庭应急准备的比例为20.3%。对地震、水灾、火灾逃生自救知识的知晓率分别为69.2%、58.4%和74.8%。传染病暴发事件中,对伤寒传播途径和肺结核预防的知晓率较低,分别为20.3%和51.7%。其他灾害事件中,对化学品中毒处理方法和放射性事故应对的知晓率较低,分别为32.7%和34.6%。城市居民应对突发公共卫生事件知识与技能知晓率明显好于农村居民。结论四川省城乡居民应对突发公共卫生事件知识与技能水平有待提高,知识知晓率城乡差别很大。应加强对肺结核、伤寒、化学品中毒处理、放射性事故应对等方面的宣传教育,并采取针对、有效的措施提高农村居民应对突发公共卫生事件的知识和技能。
Objective To understand the status of knowledge and skills about public health emergency among rural and urban residents in Sichuan Province,and to provide the basis for identifying health education and intervention priorities of public health emergency.Methods A survey was conducted among 2000 residents over 18 years old selected by multi-stage cluster sampling.Results 20.3% of the participants had made preparation for family emergency.The awareness rates of escaping and saving oneself from earthquake,flood and fire were 69.2%,58.4% and 74.8%,respectively.Among the knowledge of infectious diseases,the awareness rates of the transmission route of exogenous febrile disease and the preventive measure of tuberculosis were 20.3% and 51.7%,respectively.Among the knowledge of other disasters,the awareness rates of coping with chemicals poisoning and radioactive accidents were 32.7% and 34.6%,respectively.The awareness rate of public health emergency among Urban residents was higher than that among rural residents significantly.Conclusion The level of knowledge and skills about public health emergency among rural and urban residents in Sichuan Province should be improved.Health education in tuberculosis,exogenous febrile disease,method of chemicals poisoning and radioactive accidents should be strengthened.At the same time,specific and effective measures must be adopted to improve the level of knowledge and skills about public health emergency among rural residents.
Objective To understand the status of knowledge and skills about public health emergency among rural and urban residents in Sichuan Province,and to provide the basis for identifying health education and intervention priorities of public health emergency.Methods A survey was conducted among 2000 residents over 18 years old selected by multi-stage cluster sampling.Results 20.3% of the participants had made preparation for family emergency.The awareness rates of escaping and saving oneself from earthquake,flood and fire were 69.2%,58.4% and 74.8%,respectively.Among the knowledge of infectious diseases,the awareness rates of the transmission route of exogenous febrile disease and the preventive measure of tuberculosis were 20.3% and 51.7%,respectively.Among the knowledge of other disasters,the awareness rates of coping with chemicals poisoning and radioactive accidents were 32.7% and 34.6%,respectively.The awareness rate of public health emergency among Urban residents was higher than that among rural residents significantly.Conclusion The level of knowledge and skills about public health emergency among rural and urban residents in Sichuan Province should be improved.Health education in tuberculosis,exogenous febrile disease,method of chemicals poisoning and radioactive accidents should be strengthened.At the same time,specific and effective measures must be adopted to improve the level of knowledge and skills about public health emergency among rural residents.
引文
[1]国务院.突发公共卫生事件应急条例[EB].http://www.people.com.cn/GB/sh izheng/19/20030512/990224.htm l,2010-03-23.
[2]张刚,宁艳,程玉兰,等.吉林省城乡居民应对突发公共卫生事件知识与技能现况调查[J].中国健康教育,2009,25(10):760-761,771.
[3]苏林,来建.2005年四川省突发公共卫生事件分析及对策探讨[J].预防医学情报杂志,2006,22(6):708-711.
[2]张刚,宁艳,程玉兰,等.吉林省城乡居民应对突发公共卫生事件知识与技能现况调查[J].中国健康教育,2009,25(10):760-761,771.
[3]苏林,来建.2005年四川省突发公共卫生事件分析及对策探讨[J].预防医学情报杂志,2006,22(6):708-711.
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