预测砂岩孔隙度的地震多属性优化模式对比
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摘要
利用地震多属性分析技术预测地下储层参数时,常常面临着对多个地震属性进行选择优化的问题。为了比较众多优化方法的异同,本文从数学上的相容性与冗余性、独立性与非相关性的角度出发,建立了一套地震多属性优化分析的数学表达式。在此基础上,将突出独立性的主成分分析优化、突出相容性的粗糙集属性优化、突出相关性的有效性—离散度—相关性三参数属性优化,从流程上串联起来,形成了8种地震多属性的优化模式,将优化后的8组属性输入径向基函数神经网络,外推砂岩储层的孔隙度参数。应用实例表明,粗糙集属性优化—主成分分析—神经网络模式识别的综合预测效果最好,全属性直接神经网络模式识别的综合预测效果要差一些,8种流程计算出的砂岩孔隙度的相对误差都在可接受范围内。
When we deal with a large number of seismic attributes,we have to choose some of them for optimization to improve reservoir prediction.In this work,we introduce a set of mathematical expressions for multi-attribute optimization analysis based on compatibility and redundancy,independence and non-related of multi-attribute.We combine KL transform highlighting independence,RS optimization highlighting compatibility,and SDC optimization highlighting relevance into 8 series optimization model for comparison.Then we input these 8 groups of optimized attributes in RBFNN to extrapolate porosity of sandstones.Finally,we apply our workflow on the field data from Bohai Bay,China.This field example shows that RS-KL-RBFNN is the most effective workflow for reliable porosity measurements and the relative error of 8 porosity estimated by 8 processes are acceptable for reservoir characterization.
When we deal with a large number of seismic attributes,we have to choose some of them for optimization to improve reservoir prediction.In this work,we introduce a set of mathematical expressions for multi-attribute optimization analysis based on compatibility and redundancy,independence and non-related of multi-attribute.We combine KL transform highlighting independence,RS optimization highlighting compatibility,and SDC optimization highlighting relevance into 8 series optimization model for comparison.Then we input these 8 groups of optimized attributes in RBFNN to extrapolate porosity of sandstones.Finally,we apply our workflow on the field data from Bohai Bay,China.This field example shows that RS-KL-RBFNN is the most effective workflow for reliable porosity measurements and the relative error of 8 porosity estimated by 8 processes are acceptable for reservoir characterization.
引文
[1]Schultz P S,Ronen S,Hattori M et al.Seismic-guided esti mation of reservoir properties.SPE An-nual Technical Conference and Exhibition,1994,SPE28386:235～250
[2]Kalkomey C T.Potential risks when using seismic at-tributes as predictors of reservoir properties.TheLeading Edge,1997,16(3):217～251
[3]Hampson D,Schuelke J S and Quirein J A.Use ofmultiattribute transforms to predict log propertiesfromseismic data.Geophysics,2001,66(1):220～231
[4]Tonn R.Neural network seismic reservoir character-izationin a heavy oil reservoir.The Leading Edge,2002,21(3):309～312
[5]Russell B,Hampson D,Lines L R et al.Combininggeostatistics and multiattribute transforms-A channelsand case study.CREWES Research Report,2001,13:827～842
[6]Pramanik A G,Singh V,Vig R et al.Esti mation ofeffective porosity using geostatistics and multiat-tribute transforms-A case study.Geophysics,2004,69(2):352～372
[7]Ahmed O A,Abdel-Aal R Eand Al Mustafa H.Res-ervoir property prediction using abductive networks.Geophysics,2010,75(1):P1～P9
[8]Barnes A.Too many seismic attributesCSEG Re-corder,2006,31(3):40～45
[9]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Seismic attributes-a histori-cal perspective.Geophysics,2005,70(5):3SO～28SO
[10]陈遵德.储层地震属性优化方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[11]倪逸,杨慧珠,郭玲萱等.储层油气预测中地震属性优选问题探讨.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6):614～627Ni Yi,Yang Hui-zhu,Guo Ling-xuan et al.Opti mi-zation problem of seismic attributes in hydrocarbonreservoir prediction.OGP,1999,34(6):614～627
[12]秦月霜,陈显森,王彦辉.用优选后的地震属性参数进行储层预测.大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(6):44Qin Yue-shuang,Chen Xian-sen,Wang Yan-hui.Performing a reservoir prediction with opti mized seis-mic attribute parameters.Petroleum Geology&Oil-field Development in Daqing,2000,19(6):44
[13]王永刚,乐友喜.综合利用地球物理信息预测孔隙率的方法及其应用效果分析.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(6):707～715Wang Yong-gang,Yue You-xi.Methods of compre-hensive geophysical data for prediction of porosity andanalysis of its application.OGP,2001,36(6):707～715
[14]Chambers R L,Yarus J M.Quantitative use of seis-mic attributes for reservoir characterization.CSEGRecorder,2002,27(6):14～25
[15]侯伯刚,杨池银,武站国等.地震属性及其在储层预测中的影响因素.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):553～558,574Hou Bo-gang,Yang Chi-yin,Wu Zhan-guo et al.Seismic attributes and their affected factors in reser-voir prediction.OGP,2004,39(5):553～558,574
[16]印兴耀,周静毅.地震属性优化方法综述.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(4):482～489Yin Xing-yao,Zhou Jing-yi.Summary of opti mummethods of seismic attributes.OGP,2005,40(4):482～489
[17]季敏,王尚旭,陈双全.地震属性优选在油田开发中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):183～187Ji Min,Wang Shang-xu,Chen Shuang-quan.Appli-cation of opti mum seismic attributes in developmentof oilfield.OGP,2006,41(2):183～187
[18]Gao J,Wang J,Yun Met al.Seismic attributes opti-mization and application in reservoir prediction.Ap-plied Geophysics,2006,3(4):243～247
[19]尉晓玮,郑晓东,李艳东等.优选地震属性预测生物礁储集层.新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):221～224Yu Xiao-wei,Zheng Xiao-dong,Li Yan-dong et al.Using opti mized seismic attributes to predict reef res-ervoir.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(2):221～224
[20]印兴耀,孔国英,张广智.基于核主成分分析的地震属性优化方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):179～183Yin Xing-yao,Kong Guo-ying,Zhang Guang-zhi.Seismic attributes opti mization based on kernel princi-pal component analysis(KPCA)and application.OGP,2008,43(2):179～183
[21]吕文彪,尹成,张白林等.基于独立分量分析的地震属性优化.天然气工业,2008,28(9):221～224LüWen-biao,Yin Cheng,Zhang Bai-lin et al.Acombinational opti mum method of seismic attributesbased on independent component analysis.NaturalGas Industry,2009,30(2):221～224
[22]Sam T R,Lawrence K S.Nonlinear di mensionality a-nalysis by locally linear embedding.Science,2000,290(5500):2323～2326
[23]Russell B,Hampson D,Schuelke J et al.Multiat-tribute seismic analysis.The Leading Edge,1997,16(11):1439～1443
[24]牛彦良,敖志富,姜岩等.地震特征参数的统计分析方法及应用.大庆石油地质与开发,1993,12(3):1～4Niu Yan-liang,Ao Zhi-fu,Jiang Yan et al.Statisticalanalysis and application of seismic characteristic pa-rameter.Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Deuelop-ment in Daqing,1993,12(3):1～4
[25]刘文岭,牛彦良,李刚等.多信息储层预测地震属性提取与有效性分析方法.石油物探,2002,41(1):100～106Liu Wen-ling,Niu Yan-liang,Li Gang et al.Seismicattribute extraction and effectiveness analysis ofmulti-attribute reservoir prediction.GPP,2002,41(1):100～106
[26]王永刚,刘伟,黄国平.地震属性的GA-BP优化方法.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):606～611Wang Yong-gang,Liu Wei,Huang Guo-ping.GA-BP opti mization of seismic attribution.OGP,2002,37(6):606～611
[27]田继东,尹成,徐峰.GA-ANN综合优化地震属性的应用研究.西南石油学院学报,2006,28(4):1～4Tian Ji-dong,Yin Cheng,Xu Feng.The research onthe application of the seismic attributes opti mizingbased on the genetic algorithms and the neural net-work methods.Journal of Southwest Petroleum In-stitute,2006,28(4):1～4
[28]鲍祥生,尹成,赵伟等.储层预测的地震属性优选技术研究.石油物探,2006,45(1):28～33Bao Xiang-sheng,Yin Cheng,Zhao Wei et al.Opti-mizing selection of seismic attributes in reservoir pre-diction.GPP,2006,45(1):28～33
[29]Schultz P S,Ronen S,Hattori M et al.Seismic-guided esti mation of log properties Part 1:A data-driven interpretation methodology.The LeadingEdge,1994,13(6):305～311
[30]古发明,尹成,丁峰等.粗糙集理论在地震储层预测中的应用.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):231～237Gu Fa-ming,Yin Cheng,Ding Feng et al.Applica-tion of the rough set theory to seismic reservoir predi-cation.Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(1):231～237
[31]刘立峰,孙赞东,杨海军等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层地震属性优化方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):747～754Liu Li-feng,Sun Zan-dong,Yang Hai-jun et al.Seis-mic attribute opti mization method and its applicationfor fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir.OGP,2009,44(6):747～754
[32]王永刚,乐友喜,刘伟等.地震属性与储层特征的相关性研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1):26～30Wang Yong-gang,Yue You-xi,Liu Wei et al.Rela-tivity between seismic attributes and reservoir charac-ters.Journal ofthe University of Petroleum,2004,28(1):26～30
[33]Jackson J E.A User's Guide to Principal Compo-nents.New York:John Wiley and Sons,1991
[34]Buhmann M D.Radial Basis Functions:TheoryandImplementations.Cambridge:Cambridge UniversityPress,2003
[35]Leiphart DJ,Hart B S.Comparison of linear regres-sion and a probabilistic neural network to predict po-rosity from 3-D seismic attributes in Lower BrushyCanyon channeled sandstones,southeast NewMexico.Geophysics,2001,66(6):1349～1358
[36]鲍祥生.时移地震属性分析技术的研究及应用[博士学位论文].四川成都:西南石油大学,2006
[37]Schuelke J S,Quirein J A.Validation:a technique forselecting seismic attributes and verifying results.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:936～939
[38]Todorov T,Hampson D and Russell B.Sonic logpredictions using seismic attributes.CREWES Re-search Report,1997,9:39-1～39-12
[39]魏艳,尹成,丁峰等.地震多属性综合分析的应用研究.石油物探,2007,46(1):42～47Wei Yan,Yin Cheng,Ding Feng et al.Synthetic a-nalysis of seismic multi-attribute and its application.GPP,2007,46(1):42～47
[2]Kalkomey C T.Potential risks when using seismic at-tributes as predictors of reservoir properties.TheLeading Edge,1997,16(3):217～251
[3]Hampson D,Schuelke J S and Quirein J A.Use ofmultiattribute transforms to predict log propertiesfromseismic data.Geophysics,2001,66(1):220～231
[4]Tonn R.Neural network seismic reservoir character-izationin a heavy oil reservoir.The Leading Edge,2002,21(3):309～312
[5]Russell B,Hampson D,Lines L R et al.Combininggeostatistics and multiattribute transforms-A channelsand case study.CREWES Research Report,2001,13:827～842
[6]Pramanik A G,Singh V,Vig R et al.Esti mation ofeffective porosity using geostatistics and multiat-tribute transforms-A case study.Geophysics,2004,69(2):352～372
[7]Ahmed O A,Abdel-Aal R Eand Al Mustafa H.Res-ervoir property prediction using abductive networks.Geophysics,2010,75(1):P1～P9
[8]Barnes A.Too many seismic attributesCSEG Re-corder,2006,31(3):40～45
[9]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Seismic attributes-a histori-cal perspective.Geophysics,2005,70(5):3SO～28SO
[10]陈遵德.储层地震属性优化方法.北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[11]倪逸,杨慧珠,郭玲萱等.储层油气预测中地震属性优选问题探讨.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(6):614～627Ni Yi,Yang Hui-zhu,Guo Ling-xuan et al.Opti mi-zation problem of seismic attributes in hydrocarbonreservoir prediction.OGP,1999,34(6):614～627
[12]秦月霜,陈显森,王彦辉.用优选后的地震属性参数进行储层预测.大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(6):44Qin Yue-shuang,Chen Xian-sen,Wang Yan-hui.Performing a reservoir prediction with opti mized seis-mic attribute parameters.Petroleum Geology&Oil-field Development in Daqing,2000,19(6):44
[13]王永刚,乐友喜.综合利用地球物理信息预测孔隙率的方法及其应用效果分析.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(6):707～715Wang Yong-gang,Yue You-xi.Methods of compre-hensive geophysical data for prediction of porosity andanalysis of its application.OGP,2001,36(6):707～715
[14]Chambers R L,Yarus J M.Quantitative use of seis-mic attributes for reservoir characterization.CSEGRecorder,2002,27(6):14～25
[15]侯伯刚,杨池银,武站国等.地震属性及其在储层预测中的影响因素.石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5):553～558,574Hou Bo-gang,Yang Chi-yin,Wu Zhan-guo et al.Seismic attributes and their affected factors in reser-voir prediction.OGP,2004,39(5):553～558,574
[16]印兴耀,周静毅.地震属性优化方法综述.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(4):482～489Yin Xing-yao,Zhou Jing-yi.Summary of opti mummethods of seismic attributes.OGP,2005,40(4):482～489
[17]季敏,王尚旭,陈双全.地震属性优选在油田开发中的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):183～187Ji Min,Wang Shang-xu,Chen Shuang-quan.Appli-cation of opti mum seismic attributes in developmentof oilfield.OGP,2006,41(2):183～187
[18]Gao J,Wang J,Yun Met al.Seismic attributes opti-mization and application in reservoir prediction.Ap-plied Geophysics,2006,3(4):243～247
[19]尉晓玮,郑晓东,李艳东等.优选地震属性预测生物礁储集层.新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):221～224Yu Xiao-wei,Zheng Xiao-dong,Li Yan-dong et al.Using opti mized seismic attributes to predict reef res-ervoir.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(2):221～224
[20]印兴耀,孔国英,张广智.基于核主成分分析的地震属性优化方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(2):179～183Yin Xing-yao,Kong Guo-ying,Zhang Guang-zhi.Seismic attributes opti mization based on kernel princi-pal component analysis(KPCA)and application.OGP,2008,43(2):179～183
[21]吕文彪,尹成,张白林等.基于独立分量分析的地震属性优化.天然气工业,2008,28(9):221～224LüWen-biao,Yin Cheng,Zhang Bai-lin et al.Acombinational opti mum method of seismic attributesbased on independent component analysis.NaturalGas Industry,2009,30(2):221～224
[22]Sam T R,Lawrence K S.Nonlinear di mensionality a-nalysis by locally linear embedding.Science,2000,290(5500):2323～2326
[23]Russell B,Hampson D,Schuelke J et al.Multiat-tribute seismic analysis.The Leading Edge,1997,16(11):1439～1443
[24]牛彦良,敖志富,姜岩等.地震特征参数的统计分析方法及应用.大庆石油地质与开发,1993,12(3):1～4Niu Yan-liang,Ao Zhi-fu,Jiang Yan et al.Statisticalanalysis and application of seismic characteristic pa-rameter.Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Deuelop-ment in Daqing,1993,12(3):1～4
[25]刘文岭,牛彦良,李刚等.多信息储层预测地震属性提取与有效性分析方法.石油物探,2002,41(1):100～106Liu Wen-ling,Niu Yan-liang,Li Gang et al.Seismicattribute extraction and effectiveness analysis ofmulti-attribute reservoir prediction.GPP,2002,41(1):100～106
[26]王永刚,刘伟,黄国平.地震属性的GA-BP优化方法.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):606～611Wang Yong-gang,Liu Wei,Huang Guo-ping.GA-BP opti mization of seismic attribution.OGP,2002,37(6):606～611
[27]田继东,尹成,徐峰.GA-ANN综合优化地震属性的应用研究.西南石油学院学报,2006,28(4):1～4Tian Ji-dong,Yin Cheng,Xu Feng.The research onthe application of the seismic attributes opti mizingbased on the genetic algorithms and the neural net-work methods.Journal of Southwest Petroleum In-stitute,2006,28(4):1～4
[28]鲍祥生,尹成,赵伟等.储层预测的地震属性优选技术研究.石油物探,2006,45(1):28～33Bao Xiang-sheng,Yin Cheng,Zhao Wei et al.Opti-mizing selection of seismic attributes in reservoir pre-diction.GPP,2006,45(1):28～33
[29]Schultz P S,Ronen S,Hattori M et al.Seismic-guided esti mation of log properties Part 1:A data-driven interpretation methodology.The LeadingEdge,1994,13(6):305～311
[30]古发明,尹成,丁峰等.粗糙集理论在地震储层预测中的应用.地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):231～237Gu Fa-ming,Yin Cheng,Ding Feng et al.Applica-tion of the rough set theory to seismic reservoir predi-cation.Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(1):231～237
[31]刘立峰,孙赞东,杨海军等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层地震属性优化方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):747～754Liu Li-feng,Sun Zan-dong,Yang Hai-jun et al.Seis-mic attribute opti mization method and its applicationfor fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir.OGP,2009,44(6):747～754
[32]王永刚,乐友喜,刘伟等.地震属性与储层特征的相关性研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1):26～30Wang Yong-gang,Yue You-xi,Liu Wei et al.Rela-tivity between seismic attributes and reservoir charac-ters.Journal ofthe University of Petroleum,2004,28(1):26～30
[33]Jackson J E.A User's Guide to Principal Compo-nents.New York:John Wiley and Sons,1991
[34]Buhmann M D.Radial Basis Functions:TheoryandImplementations.Cambridge:Cambridge UniversityPress,2003
[35]Leiphart DJ,Hart B S.Comparison of linear regres-sion and a probabilistic neural network to predict po-rosity from 3-D seismic attributes in Lower BrushyCanyon channeled sandstones,southeast NewMexico.Geophysics,2001,66(6):1349～1358
[36]鲍祥生.时移地震属性分析技术的研究及应用[博士学位论文].四川成都:西南石油大学,2006
[37]Schuelke J S,Quirein J A.Validation:a technique forselecting seismic attributes and verifying results.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:936～939
[38]Todorov T,Hampson D and Russell B.Sonic logpredictions using seismic attributes.CREWES Re-search Report,1997,9:39-1～39-12
[39]魏艳,尹成,丁峰等.地震多属性综合分析的应用研究.石油物探,2007,46(1):42～47Wei Yan,Yin Cheng,Ding Feng et al.Synthetic a-nalysis of seismic multi-attribute and its application.GPP,2007,46(1):42～47
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