汶川地震绵阳极重灾区如何开展卫生防疫工作
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摘要
5·12汶川8级地震在造成人员严重伤亡的同时,导致极重灾区存在严重公共卫生隐患,绵阳卫生防疫系统伤亡16人,重灾县灾后县、乡两级传染病网络瘫痪。震后2小时内,市疾病预防控控制中心启动重大自然灾害应急预案,制订和完善震后防病技术方案,迅速派出防疫应急队伍,并在援绵卫生防疫人员帮助下,处理人畜尸体6767568具,处理粪坑5254228个次,清除蚊蝇孳生地3514166处,消杀面积累计93259.5万m2。截至6月30日,检查供水单位11092个,组织实施饮用水消毒31979.97万m3,并在四个重灾区和绵阳城区监测水质动态。组织卫生执法监督员开展灾后食品安全检查,规范集中安置点的供餐行为,销毁过期变质食品和蔬菜,阻止群众食用死禽、畜肉,确保灾后无食物中毒事件发生。对170个受灾群众安置点和132个疏散群众安置点按6有4强化要求规范管理,确保安置点无公共卫生事件发生。震后第3天开始建立灾后疫情实时监测报告网络,监测安置点群众疾病症状,确保无重大疫情发生。监测结果显示,传染病发病人数与往年持平,但性传播疾病新发人数较往年略增。还进行89595人次儿童甲肝疫苗和41196人份乙脑疫苗强化接种,储备了10万人份口服型霍乱疫苗,组织印制和发放宣传资料1012.65万份,利用媒体开展大规模健康教育和群众性爱国卫生运动,组织群众进行临时避震场所的清洁卫生和消毒、灭鼠、灭蚊、灭蝇工作。正是在绵阳医疗救治和卫生防疫应急指挥部的统筹指挥下,各级疾病控制中心和援绵卫生防疫人员在救灾同时处理尸体、监测水质和疫情,提前进行安置点防疫和次生灾害防范,开展大规模健康教育等工作,确保了卫生防疫工作取得阶段性胜利。
The Wenchuan Earthquake caused severe injuries and deaths as well as subsequent serious potential risks to public health and hygiene in the worst-hit areas.There were 16 casualties in the Mianyang CDC system and the township & county CDC networks were destroyed in the worst-hit counties after the earthquake.The Mianyang CDC quickly launched its emergency response plan for major natural disasters within two hours after the earthquake,prepared and improved the technical guide for disease prevention after the earthquake and rapidly sent out quick response team.With the help of CDC aid teams across the country,Mianyang CDC successfully disinfected and buried 6,767,568 corpses,and disposed of millions of animal carcasses.They also disinfected and sterilised an area of 932.595 million square metres,eradicating 3,514,166 fly and mosquito breeding places and treating 5,254,228 cesspit times.By June 30,they had examined 11,092 water supply units and carried out disinfection of 319.7997 million cubic metres of drinking water.Besides,dynamic monitoring for water quality in the four worst-hit areas in Mianyang urban areas.They organised hygienic enforcement supervisors to develop food safety inspection,regulated catering services of the centralised settlements,destroyed spoiled and expired food and vegetables.The authorities prevented the masses from eating dead poultry or meat from carcasses to ensure no occurrence of food poisoning after the earthquake.Standard administration of the 170 settlements of the earthquake-afflicted people and 132 settlements of evacuated people was carried out in accordance with the rules of "Six Provisions and Four Reinforcements" and this would ensure no recurrence of public health events in the settlements.On Day 3(May 15) after the earthquake,they established a real-time monitoring and report network of the epidemic situation after the earthquake and monitored diseases and symptoms of the people in the resettled region to ensure no occurrence of major epidemic cases.The monitoring results showed that the number of infectious disease cases was comparable to that in the previous years.Moreover,they carried out intensive vaccination with hepatitis A vaccine in children 41196 person times,stored 100,000 person oral cholera vaccine and monitoring for new sexually transmitted diseases.A total of 10.1265 million copies of publicity materials were organised printed and distributed.They developed large-scale health education and a massive patriotic health campaign by means of the media and organised the masses to engage in sanitation and hygiene as well as controlling flies,mosquitoes and rats in the temporary earthquake-proof places.Under the unifi ed command of the Mianyang emergency response headquarters,the centers for health and epidemic control and prevention at various levels of disaster relief continued to dispose of carcasses and disinfect and bury corpses as well as monitor water quality,so as to ensure the secondary disasters could be prevented in advance.
The Wenchuan Earthquake caused severe injuries and deaths as well as subsequent serious potential risks to public health and hygiene in the worst-hit areas.There were 16 casualties in the Mianyang CDC system and the township & county CDC networks were destroyed in the worst-hit counties after the earthquake.The Mianyang CDC quickly launched its emergency response plan for major natural disasters within two hours after the earthquake,prepared and improved the technical guide for disease prevention after the earthquake and rapidly sent out quick response team.With the help of CDC aid teams across the country,Mianyang CDC successfully disinfected and buried 6,767,568 corpses,and disposed of millions of animal carcasses.They also disinfected and sterilised an area of 932.595 million square metres,eradicating 3,514,166 fly and mosquito breeding places and treating 5,254,228 cesspit times.By June 30,they had examined 11,092 water supply units and carried out disinfection of 319.7997 million cubic metres of drinking water.Besides,dynamic monitoring for water quality in the four worst-hit areas in Mianyang urban areas.They organised hygienic enforcement supervisors to develop food safety inspection,regulated catering services of the centralised settlements,destroyed spoiled and expired food and vegetables.The authorities prevented the masses from eating dead poultry or meat from carcasses to ensure no occurrence of food poisoning after the earthquake.Standard administration of the 170 settlements of the earthquake-afflicted people and 132 settlements of evacuated people was carried out in accordance with the rules of "Six Provisions and Four Reinforcements" and this would ensure no recurrence of public health events in the settlements.On Day 3(May 15) after the earthquake,they established a real-time monitoring and report network of the epidemic situation after the earthquake and monitored diseases and symptoms of the people in the resettled region to ensure no occurrence of major epidemic cases.The monitoring results showed that the number of infectious disease cases was comparable to that in the previous years.Moreover,they carried out intensive vaccination with hepatitis A vaccine in children 41196 person times,stored 100,000 person oral cholera vaccine and monitoring for new sexually transmitted diseases.A total of 10.1265 million copies of publicity materials were organised printed and distributed.They developed large-scale health education and a massive patriotic health campaign by means of the media and organised the masses to engage in sanitation and hygiene as well as controlling flies,mosquitoes and rats in the temporary earthquake-proof places.Under the unifi ed command of the Mianyang emergency response headquarters,the centers for health and epidemic control and prevention at various levels of disaster relief continued to dispose of carcasses and disinfect and bury corpses as well as monitor water quality,so as to ensure the secondary disasters could be prevented in advance.
引文
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7陈竺,高强.走中国特色卫生改革发展道路,使人人享有基本医疗卫生服务.中国医学理论与实践,2008,18(1):1-5.
2向定全.绵阳市疾病预防控制机构人员况状分析.中国公共卫生管理,2006,22(4):150.
3黄静.全国政协教科文卫体委员会专题调研综述:公共卫生体系建设路不能走一半[EB/OL].http://cppcc.people.com.cn/,2005,08,08.
4疫源地消毒总则.中华人民共和国国家标准GB19193-2003.北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
5连志浩.流行病学,第三版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1999.167.
6温家宝.政府工作报告指出推进医改要重点抓好四件事.中国医学理论与实践,2008,18(2-3):129-130.
7陈竺,高强.走中国特色卫生改革发展道路,使人人享有基本医疗卫生服务.中国医学理论与实践,2008,18(1):1-5.
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