库水载荷对水库触发地震的机制研究
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摘要
利用有限元方法,研究库水载荷产生的应力场及其在断层面上引起的静态库仑破裂应力变化。通过计算发现,库水载荷的加载位置对地震的触发作用有重要的影响:当库水加载于断层正上方或断层上盘时,对正断层型的地震有促进作用,对逆断层型的地震有抑制作用。但是,当库水载荷作用于断层的下盘时,对于倾角较大的正断层与逆断层地震,库水都起抑制作用;而对倾角很小的断层起促进作用,但不会产生很强的水库地震。
Using finite element method.The stresse field and the static Coulomb failure stress changes was calculated.The calculated results show that the location of the water impoundment plays an important role in triggering reservoir earthquake.When the reservoir water is loaded right over the fault and on the hanging wall of the fault,it will promote the earthquakes for normal faults and inhibit the seismicity for thrust faults.However,the earthquakes will all be inhibited both for normal and thrust faults with high dip angles when the load of reservoir water is located on the footwall of the faults.No strong reservoir-induced earthquakes will occur despite the load of water will promote the earthquake for the faults with small dip angles when the load is put on the footwall of the faults.
Using finite element method.The stresse field and the static Coulomb failure stress changes was calculated.The calculated results show that the location of the water impoundment plays an important role in triggering reservoir earthquake.When the reservoir water is loaded right over the fault and on the hanging wall of the fault,it will promote the earthquakes for normal faults and inhibit the seismicity for thrust faults.However,the earthquakes will all be inhibited both for normal and thrust faults with high dip angles when the load of reservoir water is located on the footwall of the faults.No strong reservoir-induced earthquakes will occur despite the load of water will promote the earthquake for the faults with small dip angles when the load is put on the footwall of the faults.
引文
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24 King G C P,Stein R S and Lin J.Static stress changes andthe triggering of earthquakes[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.A-mer.,1994,84:935-953.
25 Simpson D W and Negmatullaev S.Induced seismicity atNurek reservoir,Tadjikistan,USSR[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1981,71:1 561-1 586.
26 Simpson D W.Seismicity changes associated with reservoirloading[J].Eng.Geol.,1976,10:2-4.
28张倬元.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.
29王墩,等.三峡水库重点监视区蓄水前后震源机制解研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,(5):103-107.
30 Scholz C H.The mechanics of earthquakes and faulting[M].Cambridge University Press,1990.
2 Gupta and Harsh K.A review of recent studies of triggeredearthquakes by artificial water reservoirs with special empha-sis on earthquakes in Koyna,India[J].Earth-Science Re-views,2002,(58):279-310.
3 Grouph D I and Gouph W I.Load-induced earthquakes atLake Kariba[J].Geophys.J.,1970,21:79-101.
4王妙月,等.新丰江水库地震的震源机制及其成因的初步探讨[J].中国科学,1976,1:85-97.
5 Roeloffs E A.Fault stability changes induced beneath a res-ervoir with cyclic variations in water level[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1988,93(B3):2 107-2 124.
6 Reyners M.Reservoir induced seismicity at Lake Pukaki,New Zealand[J].Geophys.J.,1988,93:127-135.
7高士钧,等.长江三峡地区地壳应力场与地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
8 Hu Y L,et al.Induced seismicity at Wujiangdu Reservoir,China:a case induced in Karst Area[J].Pure Appl.Geo-phys.,1996,147:409-418.
9王清云,张秋文,李峰.长江三峡工程库首区诱发地震危险性研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2003,(2):101-104.
10陈蜀俊,姚运生,曾佐勋.三峡水库蓄水对库区孕震环境及潜在震源影响研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2005,(3):116-120.
11刘素梅,徐礼华.丹江口水库区构造应力场的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):4 017-4 021.
12王绍晋,秦嘉政,龙晓帆.漫湾水库蓄水前后库区地震活动性与构造应力场分析[J].地震研究,2005,28(1):53-57.
13齐文浩,薄景山,李贞德.江口水库诱发地震的有限元分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(6):7-10.
14李锦辉.库区构造应力场对水库诱发地震的影响[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2007,40(6):51-55.
15 Harris R A.Introduction to special session:Stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1998,103:24 347-24 358.
16石耀霖.关于应力触发和应力影概念在地震预报中应用的一些思考[J].地震,2001,21(3):1-7.
17 Belardinelli ME,Bizzarri Aand Cocco M.Earthquake trig-gering by static and dynamic stress changes[J].J.Geo-phys.Res.,2003,108(B3),doi:10.1029/2002JB001779.
18 Steacy S,Gomberg J and Cocco M.Introduction to specialsection:Stress transfer,earthquake triggering,and time-de-pendent seismic hazard[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110,doi:10.1029/2005JB003692.
19 Parsons T,Chen Ji and Kirby E.Stress changes from the2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Si-chuan basin[J].Nature,2008,doi:10.1038/na-ture07177.
20徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.
21 Stein R S,Barka A A and Dieterich J H.Progressive fail-ure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquakestress triggering[J].Geophys.J.Int.,l997,128:594-604.
22 Reasenberg P A and Simpson R W.Response of regionalseismicity to the static stress change produced by the LomaPrieta earthquake[J].Science,1992,255:168721 690.
23 Stein R S,King G C P and Lin J.Change in failure stresson the southern San Andreas fault system caused by the1992 magnitude=7.4 Landers earthquake[J].Science,258:1 328-1 332.
24 King G C P,Stein R S and Lin J.Static stress changes andthe triggering of earthquakes[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.A-mer.,1994,84:935-953.
25 Simpson D W and Negmatullaev S.Induced seismicity atNurek reservoir,Tadjikistan,USSR[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1981,71:1 561-1 586.
26 Simpson D W.Seismicity changes associated with reservoirloading[J].Eng.Geol.,1976,10:2-4.
28张倬元.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.
29王墩,等.三峡水库重点监视区蓄水前后震源机制解研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,(5):103-107.
30 Scholz C H.The mechanics of earthquakes and faulting[M].Cambridge University Press,1990.
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