地震伤亡危险因素的系统评价
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摘要
目的收集与确认地震死伤危险因素。方法计算机检索Cochrane Library、SCI、PubMed、CBM、CNKI,均从最初检索至2008年6月。收集研究地震死伤可能危险因素的队列研究、病例对照研究和横断面研究。利用Wells等描述的方法评价纳入队列研究和病例对照研究的方法学质量。对纳入研究的危险因素做归纳性描述。结果纳入队列研究2个,病例对照研究2个,横断面研究4个。部分纳入研究有发生选择性偏倚的可能。纳入地震死伤危险因素有年龄、性别、生理残疾、精神疾病、经济收入、房屋类型、建筑年代、建筑高度、建筑物垮塌、地震时所处位置、驾驶机动车辆。结论地震死伤因素主要来源为人口学特征、建筑因素、地震及地理因素。但研究结果受到可能存在的选择性偏倚的影响。纳入研究的地区性可能降低以上结果的外推性。需要来自中国地震带区域地震死伤危险因素的原始研究。
Objective To access and identify risk factors related to death and injuries in earthquakes. Method We searched The Cochrane Library, SCI, PubMed, CBM and CNKI from establishment to June 2008 to identify cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies involving risk factors related to death and injuries in earthquakes. The methodological quality of included cohort and case-controlled studies were assessed, and the potential risk factors of earthquake related death and injuries were systematically enumerated. Results Two cohort, 2 case-control and 4 cross-sectional studies were included. Some included studies might be associated with selection bias. Risk factors for earthquake death and injuries included age, gender, mental disease, physical disabled, socioeconomics status, type/ age/ height/ collapse of building, motor vehicle driver and geographical location when the earthquake occurred. Conclusions Death and injuries in earthquakes may be attributed to 3 categories: demographic characteristics, building features, and seismic/ geographical/ location factors. However, the conclusion of this review and its implications may be limited by the potential selection bias of included studies and the regional characteristics of the included populations. Original studies from Chinese seismic areas are especially needed.
Objective To access and identify risk factors related to death and injuries in earthquakes. Method We searched The Cochrane Library, SCI, PubMed, CBM and CNKI from establishment to June 2008 to identify cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies involving risk factors related to death and injuries in earthquakes. The methodological quality of included cohort and case-controlled studies were assessed, and the potential risk factors of earthquake related death and injuries were systematically enumerated. Results Two cohort, 2 case-control and 4 cross-sectional studies were included. Some included studies might be associated with selection bias. Risk factors for earthquake death and injuries included age, gender, mental disease, physical disabled, socioeconomics status, type/ age/ height/ collapse of building, motor vehicle driver and geographical location when the earthquake occurred. Conclusions Death and injuries in earthquakes may be attributed to 3 categories: demographic characteristics, building features, and seismic/ geographical/ location factors. However, the conclusion of this review and its implications may be limited by the potential selection bias of included studies and the regional characteristics of the included populations. Original studies from Chinese seismic areas are especially needed.
引文
1 The significant earthquake database.National geophysicaldata center.URL:http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=1&d=1 2008-6-27.
2汶川地震死伤数据URL:http://news.163.com/2008-6-27.
3 Armenian HK,Melkonian A,Noji EK,et al.Deaths and injuriesdue to the earthquake in Armenia:A cohort approach.Internationaljournal of epidemiology,1997,26(4):806-813.
4 Peek-Asa C,Kraus JF,Bourque LB,et al.Fatal and hospitalizedinjuries resulting from the 1994 Northridge earthquake.International Journal of Epidemiology,1998,27(3):459-465.
5 Mahue-Giangreco M,Mack W,Seligson H,et al.Risk factorsassociated with moderate and serious injuries attributable to the1994 Northridge earthquake,Los Angeles,California.Annals ofEpidemiology,2001,11(5):347-357.
6 Peek-Asa C,Ramirez M,Seligson H,et al.Seismic,structural,andindividual factors associated with earthquake related injury.InjuryPrevention(Inj Prev),2003,9:62-66.
7 Osaki Y,Minowa M.Factors associated with earthquake deaths inthe Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake,1995.American Journal ofEpidemiology,2001,153(2):153-156.
8 Chou YJ,Huang N,Lee CH,et al.Who is at risk of death in anearthquake.American Journal of Epidemiology,2004,160(7):688-695.
9 Liao YH,Lin SF,Liao WH,et al.Deaths related to housing in 1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake.Safty Science,2005,43(1):29-37.
10 Ellidokuz H,Ucku R,Aydin UY,et al.Risk factors for death andinjuries in earthquake:Cross-sectional study from Afyon,Turkey.Croat Med J,2005,46(4):613-618.
11 De Bruycker M,Greco D,Lechat MF,et al.The 1980 earthquakein southern Italy—morbidity and mortality.Int J Epidemiol,1985,14(1):113-117
12 Sapir DG.Natural and man-made disasters:the vulnerability ofwomen-headed households and children without families.WorldHealth Stat Q,1993,46(4):227-233.
13 Davis AP.Targeting the vulnerable in emergency situations:who isvulnerable?Lancet,1996,348(9031):868-871.
14 Eberhart-Phillips JE,Saunders TM,Robinson AL,et al.Profile ofmortality from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake using coroner andmedical examiner reports.Disasters,1994,18(2):160-170.
15 Parasuraman S.The impact of the 1993 Latur-Osmanabad(Maharashtra)earthquake on lives,livelihoods and property.Disasters,1995,19(2):156-169.
16 Alexander D.The health e ects of earthquakes in the mid-1990s.Disasters,1996,20(3):231-247.
17 Armenian HK,Melkonian AK,Hovanesian AP.Long term mortalityand morbidity related to degree of damage following the 1998earthquake in Armenia.Am J Epidemiol,1998,148(11):1077-1084.
18 Tanaka H,Oda J,Iwai A,et al.Morbidity and mortality ofhospitalized patients after the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake.AmJ Emerg Med,1999,17(2):186-191.
19 Peek-Asa C,Ramirez MR,Shoaf K,et al.GIS mapping ofearthquake-related deaths and hospital admissions from the 1994Northridge,California,earthquake.Ann Epidemiol,2000;10(1):5-13.
20 Liang NJ,Shih YT,Shih FY,et al.Disaster epidemiology and medicalresponse in the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan.Ann Emerg Med,2001,38(5):549-555.
21 Chan CC,Lin YP,Chen HH,et al.A population-based study on theimmediate and prolonged e ects of the 1999 Taiwan earthquake onmortality.Ann Epidemiol,2003,13(7):1-7.
22 Wells GA,et al.The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)for assessingthe quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses.URL:http://www.lri.ca/programs/ceu/oxford.htm.
23 Roces MC,White ME,Dayrit MM,et al.Risk factors for injuries dueto the 1990 earthquake in Luzon,Philippines.Bull.World HealthOrg,1992,70(4):509-514.
2汶川地震死伤数据URL:http://news.163.com/2008-6-27.
3 Armenian HK,Melkonian A,Noji EK,et al.Deaths and injuriesdue to the earthquake in Armenia:A cohort approach.Internationaljournal of epidemiology,1997,26(4):806-813.
4 Peek-Asa C,Kraus JF,Bourque LB,et al.Fatal and hospitalizedinjuries resulting from the 1994 Northridge earthquake.International Journal of Epidemiology,1998,27(3):459-465.
5 Mahue-Giangreco M,Mack W,Seligson H,et al.Risk factorsassociated with moderate and serious injuries attributable to the1994 Northridge earthquake,Los Angeles,California.Annals ofEpidemiology,2001,11(5):347-357.
6 Peek-Asa C,Ramirez M,Seligson H,et al.Seismic,structural,andindividual factors associated with earthquake related injury.InjuryPrevention(Inj Prev),2003,9:62-66.
7 Osaki Y,Minowa M.Factors associated with earthquake deaths inthe Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake,1995.American Journal ofEpidemiology,2001,153(2):153-156.
8 Chou YJ,Huang N,Lee CH,et al.Who is at risk of death in anearthquake.American Journal of Epidemiology,2004,160(7):688-695.
9 Liao YH,Lin SF,Liao WH,et al.Deaths related to housing in 1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan,earthquake.Safty Science,2005,43(1):29-37.
10 Ellidokuz H,Ucku R,Aydin UY,et al.Risk factors for death andinjuries in earthquake:Cross-sectional study from Afyon,Turkey.Croat Med J,2005,46(4):613-618.
11 De Bruycker M,Greco D,Lechat MF,et al.The 1980 earthquakein southern Italy—morbidity and mortality.Int J Epidemiol,1985,14(1):113-117
12 Sapir DG.Natural and man-made disasters:the vulnerability ofwomen-headed households and children without families.WorldHealth Stat Q,1993,46(4):227-233.
13 Davis AP.Targeting the vulnerable in emergency situations:who isvulnerable?Lancet,1996,348(9031):868-871.
14 Eberhart-Phillips JE,Saunders TM,Robinson AL,et al.Profile ofmortality from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake using coroner andmedical examiner reports.Disasters,1994,18(2):160-170.
15 Parasuraman S.The impact of the 1993 Latur-Osmanabad(Maharashtra)earthquake on lives,livelihoods and property.Disasters,1995,19(2):156-169.
16 Alexander D.The health e ects of earthquakes in the mid-1990s.Disasters,1996,20(3):231-247.
17 Armenian HK,Melkonian AK,Hovanesian AP.Long term mortalityand morbidity related to degree of damage following the 1998earthquake in Armenia.Am J Epidemiol,1998,148(11):1077-1084.
18 Tanaka H,Oda J,Iwai A,et al.Morbidity and mortality ofhospitalized patients after the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake.AmJ Emerg Med,1999,17(2):186-191.
19 Peek-Asa C,Ramirez MR,Shoaf K,et al.GIS mapping ofearthquake-related deaths and hospital admissions from the 1994Northridge,California,earthquake.Ann Epidemiol,2000;10(1):5-13.
20 Liang NJ,Shih YT,Shih FY,et al.Disaster epidemiology and medicalresponse in the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan.Ann Emerg Med,2001,38(5):549-555.
21 Chan CC,Lin YP,Chen HH,et al.A population-based study on theimmediate and prolonged e ects of the 1999 Taiwan earthquake onmortality.Ann Epidemiol,2003,13(7):1-7.
22 Wells GA,et al.The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)for assessingthe quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses.URL:http://www.lri.ca/programs/ceu/oxford.htm.
23 Roces MC,White ME,Dayrit MM,et al.Risk factors for injuries dueto the 1990 earthquake in Luzon,Philippines.Bull.World HealthOrg,1992,70(4):509-514.
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