大地震初期紧急医疗救援要点:绵竹现场抢救工作经验
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摘要
5.12汶川地震后,唐山红十字医疗救护队急赴四川绵竹地震灾区进行救援工作。从灾区现场工作中总结出以下经验:地震灾区医疗救援队的组成人员应以外科、骨科医师和护士为主,应选择年龄相对较轻、体质较好的人员;伤情分类、分级制度必须坚持;就地取材,应用硬塑料板、硬纸板等进行伤肢固定时要注意消毒;注意彻底清创;使用最多的抗菌药物包括头孢菌素类和喹诺酮类,避免应用可能损害肾功能的药物,镇痛药物主要选用非甾体类药物,如布洛芬;必要的心理干预在地震初期救援中发挥了重要的作用。
After the Wenchuan earthquake, a Tangshan Red Cross Medical Rescue Team was dispatched immediately to the earthquake-stricken area in Mianzhu City. The following experience was summarized during the on-the-spot rescue. The key personnel in medical rescue team during earthquake should mainly include surgeons, orthopedists, and surgical nurses, especially those who are relatively young and with good stamina. Triage and grading system of the wound conditions must be adhered to. It is unavoidable to draw materials, such as plastic boards and cardboards as fixation instruments, from local resources. However, sterilization has to be emphasized. Debridement should be conducted thoroughly. The most used antibiotics include cephalosporin and quinolones. Drugs that may damage, the renal functions should be avoided. When analgesics should be used, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for example ibuprofen, should be considered first. Psychological intervention is very important among the patients during disaster.
After the Wenchuan earthquake, a Tangshan Red Cross Medical Rescue Team was dispatched immediately to the earthquake-stricken area in Mianzhu City. The following experience was summarized during the on-the-spot rescue. The key personnel in medical rescue team during earthquake should mainly include surgeons, orthopedists, and surgical nurses, especially those who are relatively young and with good stamina. Triage and grading system of the wound conditions must be adhered to. It is unavoidable to draw materials, such as plastic boards and cardboards as fixation instruments, from local resources. However, sterilization has to be emphasized. Debridement should be conducted thoroughly. The most used antibiotics include cephalosporin and quinolones. Drugs that may damage, the renal functions should be avoided. When analgesics should be used, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for example ibuprofen, should be considered first. Psychological intervention is very important among the patients during disaster.
引文
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[3]樊富珉.SARS危机干预与心理辅导模式初探.中国心理卫生杂志,2003,17(9):600-602.
[4]刘春燕.发展性团体心理咨询改善大学生应对方式及其相关因素的实验研究.心理发展与教育,2003,3(4):75-81.
[5]张本,王学义.唐山大地震孤儿远期心身健康的调查研究.中国心理卫生杂志,2000,14(1):17-19.
[6]李宗浩.创建发展中国救援医学事业.中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2007,2(1):1-2.
[7]尹宗江.军队卫生勤务学.北京:人民军医出版社,1995.133-135.
[8]黎鳌,盛志勇,王正国.现代战伤外科学.第1版.北京:人民军医出版社,1998.19-22.
[9]Shinfuku N,Wang XD.Sugiyama M.Reevalution of psychopathology after disaster.The manifestation and changes over time.Report of Center for Urban Safety Kobe University,1998,2:285-300.
[10]汪向东,赵丞智,新福尚隆,等.地震后创伤性应激反应障碍的发生率及影响因素.中国心理卫生杂志,1999,13(1):28-30.
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