约束层析反演及其在地震速度计算中的应用
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摘要
由于广义线性反演的局限性,由旅行时残差,层析反演无法同时准确反演速度值和界面几何形态。提出了一种以已知速度信息作为约束条件,从浅到深分层约束反演地震速度的方法。该方法以微测井资料对小折射初至波进行约束层析反演,获得比较准确的极浅层速度场;以得到的极浅层层速度和低降速带资料约束大炮初至波层析反演,得到了精度更高的近地表速度模型和静校正量;以静校正计算中用充填速度替换低降速带后获得的速度模型,作为浅层反射波层析的初始约束条件,可提高浅层偏移速度建模精度;用VSP、地球物理测井速度约束反射波层析反演,得到精度更高的中深层偏移速度场。实际资料处理结果表明,该方法明显提高了层析反演精度,获得了更准确的速度场,改善了叠前偏移成像效果。
Because of the limilation of generalized linear inversion,tomography inversion cannot simultaneously accurately invert velocity and surface geometry from residual error of traveltime.Aiming at the problem,we propose a method which adopts known velocity information as constraint condition and invert seismic velocity from shallow to deep layers.By using this method,constrained tomography inversion is carried out on small-refraction first-arrival based on uphole and achieves relatively accurate velocity field of extremely shallow layers.Then,the velocity field of extremely shallow layers and the velocity of low-velocity zone are regarded as constraint for first-break tomography inversion to obtain higher-precision near-surface velocity model and statics.The velocity model obtained from static correction computation with the filling velocity replacing the velocity of low-velocity zone is regarded as the initial constraint condition for shallow reflection wave tomography inversion to improve the precision of migration velocity modeling in shallow layers.The VSP and geophysical logging velocity is used to constrain the reflection wave tomography inversion to obtain high-precision migration velocity field in middle-deep layers.Actual data processing results indicate that the method can largely improve the accuracy of tomography inversion and obtain more accurate velocity field to eventually enhance the pre-stack migration result.
Because of the limilation of generalized linear inversion,tomography inversion cannot simultaneously accurately invert velocity and surface geometry from residual error of traveltime.Aiming at the problem,we propose a method which adopts known velocity information as constraint condition and invert seismic velocity from shallow to deep layers.By using this method,constrained tomography inversion is carried out on small-refraction first-arrival based on uphole and achieves relatively accurate velocity field of extremely shallow layers.Then,the velocity field of extremely shallow layers and the velocity of low-velocity zone are regarded as constraint for first-break tomography inversion to obtain higher-precision near-surface velocity model and statics.The velocity model obtained from static correction computation with the filling velocity replacing the velocity of low-velocity zone is regarded as the initial constraint condition for shallow reflection wave tomography inversion to improve the precision of migration velocity modeling in shallow layers.The VSP and geophysical logging velocity is used to constrain the reflection wave tomography inversion to obtain high-precision migration velocity field in middle-deep layers.Actual data processing results indicate that the method can largely improve the accuracy of tomography inversion and obtain more accurate velocity field to eventually enhance the pre-stack migration result.
引文
[1]林伯香,孙晶梅,刘清林.层析成像低速带反演和静校正方法[J].石油物探,2002,41(2):136-140Lin B X,Sun J M,Liu Q L.Tomography for LVZvelocity inversion and statics[J].Geophysical Pros-pecting for Petroleum,2002,41(2):136-140
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[6]井西利,杨长春,王世清.一种改进的地震反射层析成像方法[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1831-1836Jin X L,Yang C C,Wang S Q.A kind of improvedseismic reflection tomography imaging method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(6):1831-1836
[7]刘玉柱,董良国,夏建军.初至波走时层析成像中的正则化方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):682-698Liu Y Z,Dong L G,Xia J J.Normalized approach intomographic imaging of first breaks travel time[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(6):682-698
[8]宋桂桥,尹天奎,刘连升.关于塔中大沙漠区低速带调查重新定位的思考[J].石油物探,2008,47(4):372-375Song G Q,Yin T K,Liu L S.Thinking about thenear-surface location in Tarim big desert[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(4):372-375
[9]王孝,贺振华,王述江,等.多信息约束层析反演静校正技术及其应用[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(3):316-320Wang X,He Z H,Wang S J,et al.Technology ofstatic correction for multi information constrainedtomographic inversion and its application[J].Natu-ral Gas Geophysics,2010,21(3):316-320
[10]王华忠,方正茂,徐兆涛.地震旅行时计算[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2):157-163Wang H Z,Fang Z M,Xu Z T,et al.Computation ofseismic travel time[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1999,34(2):157-163
[11]Ali I K.Initial velocity model construction of seismictomography in near-surface application[J].Journalof Applied Geophysics,2009,67(1):52-62
[12]Sambridge M S.Geophysical inversion with a neigh-borhood algorithm-Ⅰ,Searching aparameter space[J].Geophysical Journal International,1999,138:479-494
[13]Sambridge M S.Geophysical inversion with a neigh-borhood algorithm-Ⅱ,appraising the ensemble[J].Geophysical Journal International,1999,138:727-746
[14]Pratt R G,Shin C,Hicks G J.Gauss-Newton and fullNewton method in frequency-space seismic wave-form inversion[J].Geophysical Journal Internation-al,1998,133:341-362
[15]袁刚,蒋波,曾华会.各向异型叠前时间偏移在塔里木碳酸盐岩资料处理中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2010,34(3):23-28Yuan G,Jiang B,Zeng H H.The application of ani-sotropic PSTM in Tarim Basin’s carbonate rock[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2010,34(3):23-28
[2]刘振宽,吴永刚,刘英杰.近地表层地震层析成像[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(3):294-301Liu Z K,Wu Y G,Liu Y J.The seismic tomographyfor near surface formation[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,1994,29(3):294-301
[3]苏世龙,蔡希玲,曾庆芹.层析静校正方法及其在东部勘探中的应用[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):11-15Su S L,Cai X L,Zeng Q Q.Tomographic static cor-rection method and its application in the eastern ex-ploration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petrole-um,2010,49(1):11-15
[4]赵峰,郑鸿明,郭洪宪.层析反演静校正技术及应用效果分析[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(5):397-399Zhao F,Zhen H M,Guo H X.Tomographic inversetechnique for static correction and result analysis forits application[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2002,23(5):397-399
[5]渥.伊尔马滋.地震资料分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:1-1508Yilmaz O.Seismic data analysis:processing,inver-sing,and interpretation of seismic data[M].Beijing:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2006:1-1508
[6]井西利,杨长春,王世清.一种改进的地震反射层析成像方法[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1831-1836Jin X L,Yang C C,Wang S Q.A kind of improvedseismic reflection tomography imaging method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(6):1831-1836
[7]刘玉柱,董良国,夏建军.初至波走时层析成像中的正则化方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):682-698Liu Y Z,Dong L G,Xia J J.Normalized approach intomographic imaging of first breaks travel time[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(6):682-698
[8]宋桂桥,尹天奎,刘连升.关于塔中大沙漠区低速带调查重新定位的思考[J].石油物探,2008,47(4):372-375Song G Q,Yin T K,Liu L S.Thinking about thenear-surface location in Tarim big desert[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(4):372-375
[9]王孝,贺振华,王述江,等.多信息约束层析反演静校正技术及其应用[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(3):316-320Wang X,He Z H,Wang S J,et al.Technology ofstatic correction for multi information constrainedtomographic inversion and its application[J].Natu-ral Gas Geophysics,2010,21(3):316-320
[10]王华忠,方正茂,徐兆涛.地震旅行时计算[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2):157-163Wang H Z,Fang Z M,Xu Z T,et al.Computation ofseismic travel time[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1999,34(2):157-163
[11]Ali I K.Initial velocity model construction of seismictomography in near-surface application[J].Journalof Applied Geophysics,2009,67(1):52-62
[12]Sambridge M S.Geophysical inversion with a neigh-borhood algorithm-Ⅰ,Searching aparameter space[J].Geophysical Journal International,1999,138:479-494
[13]Sambridge M S.Geophysical inversion with a neigh-borhood algorithm-Ⅱ,appraising the ensemble[J].Geophysical Journal International,1999,138:727-746
[14]Pratt R G,Shin C,Hicks G J.Gauss-Newton and fullNewton method in frequency-space seismic wave-form inversion[J].Geophysical Journal Internation-al,1998,133:341-362
[15]袁刚,蒋波,曾华会.各向异型叠前时间偏移在塔里木碳酸盐岩资料处理中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2010,34(3):23-28Yuan G,Jiang B,Zeng H H.The application of ani-sotropic PSTM in Tarim Basin’s carbonate rock[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2010,34(3):23-28
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