汶川地震后极重灾区居民心理健康状况评估
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摘要
[目的]评估汶川地震6个月后极重灾区居民的心理健康状况,为完善灾后心理卫生服务提供科学依据。[方法]采用现况调查,在都江堰、北川、青川3个极重灾区的安置点中随机抽取≥15岁的居民11845人,以一般健康问卷12项(GHQ-12)进行筛查,以SCID-I/P临床定式检查诊断。[结果]GHQ-12评定后高危组2048人(17.3),中危组1797人(15.2),低危组8000人(67.5)。发生心理问题的危险因素为女性、初中以下文化程度、有躯体疾病、目睹人员伤亡,家中房屋严重损毁,损失50以上的财产。已婚、地震后得到心理救助为保护性因素。PTSD、抑郁障碍、广泛性焦虑、酒精依赖、睡眠障碍是灾民中常见的精神疾病。[结论]汶川地震6个月后灾区居民的心理问题依然比较突出,需要进一步开展有针对性的心理卫生服务。
[Objective]To assess the mental health status of residents in severely affected areas six months after the Wenchuan earthquake,in order to provide a scientific basis for the perfect post-disaster mental health service system.[Methods]It was a current status survey.Dujiangyan,Beichuan and Qingchuan as the representative areas of severely affected by the earthquake were selected.The 12-item General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12)was used as the screening instruments.Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I disorders-Patient Edition(SCID-I/P)was used to diagnose.[Results]A total of 11 845 residents had completed a face-to-face interview.There were 2 048 people in high-risk group,1 797 people in mid-risk group and 8 000 people in low-risk group.The risk factors for the earthquake victims were female,lower education,had physical disease,witnessed casualties,severe loss of housing and property.The protective factors were married and receiving psychological assistance.PTSD,depression,generalized anxiety disorder,alcohol dependence and sleep disorders were the common mental disorders.[Conclusion]The results indicated the psychological problems among Wenchuan earthquake victims were still too many.It is essential to improve targeted mental health services to make the victims restore healthy life as soon as possible.
[Objective]To assess the mental health status of residents in severely affected areas six months after the Wenchuan earthquake,in order to provide a scientific basis for the perfect post-disaster mental health service system.[Methods]It was a current status survey.Dujiangyan,Beichuan and Qingchuan as the representative areas of severely affected by the earthquake were selected.The 12-item General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12)was used as the screening instruments.Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I disorders-Patient Edition(SCID-I/P)was used to diagnose.[Results]A total of 11 845 residents had completed a face-to-face interview.There were 2 048 people in high-risk group,1 797 people in mid-risk group and 8 000 people in low-risk group.The risk factors for the earthquake victims were female,lower education,had physical disease,witnessed casualties,severe loss of housing and property.The protective factors were married and receiving psychological assistance.PTSD,depression,generalized anxiety disorder,alcohol dependence and sleep disorders were the common mental disorders.[Conclusion]The results indicated the psychological problems among Wenchuan earthquake victims were still too many.It is essential to improve targeted mental health services to make the victims restore healthy life as soon as possible.
引文
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Alireza GN,Mohammadreza AM,Mohsen G,et al.The Preva-lence of Complicated Grief among Bam Earthquake Survivors in I-ran[J].Arch Iranian Med,2007,10(4):525-528.
杨廷忠,黄丽,吴贞一.中文健康问卷在中国大陆人群心理障碍筛选的适宜性研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2003,24:769-773.
石其昌,章建民,徐方中,等.浙江省15岁以上人群各类精神疾病流行病学调查报告[J].中国预防医学杂志,2005,39:229-236.
张杨,崔利军,栗克清,等.增补后的一般健康问卷在精神疾病流行病学调查中的应用[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2008,22(3):189-192.
李涛,周茹英,胡峻梅,等.DSM-IV-TR轴I障碍定式临床检查病人版(SCID-I/P)[M].四川大学华西医院心理卫生研究所,2004.1-219.
王鹏宇,周余.地震灾后灾民精神卫生调查[J].医学与社会,2008,21:18-20.
Ali M,Hamid B,Sepideh O,et al.Psychological distress amongBam earthquake survivors in Iran:a population-based study[J].BMC Public Health,2005,5(4):1-6.
陈美英,张仁川.突发灾害事件的心理应激与危机干预[J].临床和实验医学杂志,2006,12:1960-1961.
那龙,贾晋萍,王斌红,等.“5.12”地震对灾民心理状况的调查[J].山西医科大学学报,2009,40(8):709-710.
Steiner H,Erickson SJ,MacLean P,et al.Relationship betweendefenses,personality,and affect during a stress task in normaladolescents[J].Child Psychiatry Hum Dev,2007,38(2):107-119.
Alireza GN,Mohammadreza AM,Mohsen G,et al.The Preva-lence of Complicated Grief among Bam Earthquake Survivors in I-ran[J].Arch Iranian Med,2007,10(4):525-528.
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