反褶积干涉成像及其在随钻地震数据处理中的应用
|
摘要
随钻地震是石油工程领域的一项新技术,是利用钻头破岩的连续随机振动信号进行钻前预测,通常需要利用钻头震源函数与地面记录互相关进行处理,而地下数千米震源函数的获取难度很大,成为制约随钻地震技术的一个关键问题.反褶积干涉成像是在互相关基础上发展起来的,可以利用随机噪音获得地震台站间的格林函数,对地下构造和速度结构成像,同时这种方法不依赖于震源函数信息.本文回顾了干涉成像的发展历程,分析了互相关干涉和反褶积干涉的原理、方法和特点,结合随钻地震数据处理需要,结合实例分析了反褶积干涉应用于随钻地震数据处理的前景,为发展新型随钻地震技术提供了重要参考信息.
Seismic While Drilling(SWD)is a new technology applied in the field of petroleum.It uses the continuous random vibration to make bit forecast by cross-correlation between the source function of thousands meters underground and the wave recorded on the surface.The key issue of the SWD is how to obtain the seismic source function at such a depth which blocks the wide application of SWD.The deconvolution interferometry,developed based on cross-correlation,is another technology that can be used in SWD.It doesn't need the source function and can derive the Green's function of station pairs by the ambient noise,and image the structure and velocity property of the subsurface.It can eliminate the effects of the source and get good image result.This paper reviews the developments of the deconvolution interferometry,and analyzes the theory and characters of the cross-correlation and deconvolution interferometry.With an example of deconvolution interferometry application to the SWD data processing,it demonstrates the great potential of deconvolution interferometry in SWD,and provides important information for new technology developments of SWD.
Seismic While Drilling(SWD)is a new technology applied in the field of petroleum.It uses the continuous random vibration to make bit forecast by cross-correlation between the source function of thousands meters underground and the wave recorded on the surface.The key issue of the SWD is how to obtain the seismic source function at such a depth which blocks the wide application of SWD.The deconvolution interferometry,developed based on cross-correlation,is another technology that can be used in SWD.It doesn't need the source function and can derive the Green's function of station pairs by the ambient noise,and image the structure and velocity property of the subsurface.It can eliminate the effects of the source and get good image result.This paper reviews the developments of the deconvolution interferometry,and analyzes the theory and characters of the cross-correlation and deconvolution interferometry.With an example of deconvolution interferometry application to the SWD data processing,it demonstrates the great potential of deconvolution interferometry in SWD,and provides important information for new technology developments of SWD.
引文
[1] Jon F C. Synthesis of a layered medium from its acoustic transmission response[J]. Geophysics. 1968,33(2) :264～269．
[2] Shapiro N M, Campillo M. Emergence of broadband Rayleigh waves from correlations of the ambient seismic noise [J]. Geophysical Research Letters. 2004,31, L07614, doi: 10． 1029/2004GL019491．
[3] Kees W,Deyan D,Johan R. Introduction to the supplement on seismic interferometry[J ]. Geophysics, 2006,71 (4) : 1 ～ 4．
[4] Florent B,Nikolai M S,Michel C,Slexandre N, Valerie F. 3-D surface wave tomography of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano using seismic noise correlations [J ]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007,34, L02305, doi: 10． 1029/2006GL028585．
[5] Pierre G,Philippe R, Michel C, et al. Convergence of the two-point correlation function toward the Green's function in the context of a seismic prospecting data set[J]. Geophysics, 2008,73(6) :47～53．
[6] 房立华,吴建平,吕作勇.华北地区基于噪声的瑞利面波群速度层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3) :663～671． Fang L H, Wu J P, Lu Z Y. Rayleigh wave group velocity tomography from ambient seismic noise in North China[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2009,52(3) :663～671．
[7] 齐诚,赵大鹏,陈顒,等.首都圈地区地壳P波和S波三维速度结构及其与大地震的关系[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3) :805 ～815． QiC, Zhao D P, Chen Y, et al. 3-D P and S wave velocity structures and their relationship to strong earthquakes in the Chinese capital region[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),2006,49(3) :805～815．
[8] Wang B S,Zhu P,Chen Y,et al.Continuous subsurface velocity measurement with coda wave interferometry [ J ].Journal of Geophysical Research 2007,113,B12312,doi: 10． 1029/2007JB005023．
[9] 刘启元,李昱,陈九辉,等.汶川Ms8． 0地震:地壳上地幔S波速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :309～319． Liu Q Y,Li Y,Chen J H,etal.Wenchuan Ms8． 0 earthquake:preliminary study of the S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2) :309～319．
[10] 齐诚,陈棋福,陈颙.利用背景噪声进行地震成像的新方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :771～777． Qi C,Chen Q F,Chen Y.A new method for seismic imaging from ambient seismic noise[J].Progress In Gephysics,2007,22(3) :771～777．
[11] Reol S,Erdal S.Extracting the Building Response Using Seismic Interferometry: Theory and Application to the Millikan Library in Pasadena[J].California.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2005,96(2) :586～598．
[12] Andrew C,Peter G,Haruo S,et al.Seismic interferometryturning noise into signal[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25 (9) : 1082～1092．
[13] Kees W,Joost van der Neut,Elmer R.Passive seismic interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution [ J ].Geophysics,2008,73 (6) :51～56．
[14] Ivan V R.Interferometry by decomvolution,Part 1-Theory for acoustic waves and numerical examples[J].Geophysics,2008,73(3) :115～128．
[15] Ivan V R.Interferometry by decomvolution,Part 2-Theory for elastic waves and application to drill-bit seismic imaging [J].Geophysics,2008,73(3) :129～141．
[16] Kees W.Green ' s function retrieval by cross-correlation in case of one-sided illumination [J ].Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33,L19304,doi : 10． 1029/2006GL027747．
[17] Karim G S,Peter G,Philippe R,et al.Extracting time-domain Green's function estimates from ambient seismic noise[J].Geophysical research letters,2005,32,L03310,doi: 10． 1029/ 2004GL021862．
[18] Sergey F,Long J.Time-lapse image registration using the local similarity attribute[J].Geophysics,2009,74 (2) : 7 ～ 11．
[19] Michel C,Anne P.Long Range Correlations in the Diffuse Seismic Coda.Science,2003,299,5606 : 547 ～ 549．
[20] Andrew K,Xun L.Methodology for tomographic imaging ahead of mining using the shearer as a seismic source[J].Geophysics,2009,74 ( 2) ,1 ～ 8．
[21] Langqiu F S,Bernd M,Douglas R S.Measuring velocity dispersion and attenuation in the exploration seismic frequency band[J].Geophysics,2009,72(2) : 113～122．
[22] Nikolai M S,Michel C,Laurent S,Michael H R.High-Resolution Surface-wave tomography from Ambient Seismic Noise[J].Science,2005,307(5715) : 1615～1618．
[23] Philippe R,Karim G S,Pter G,et al.P-waves from crosscorrelation of seismic noise[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32,L19303,doi: 10． 1029/2005GL023803．
[24] 吴庆举,李永华,张瑞青,等.用多道反褶积方法测定台站接收函数[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :791～796． Wu Q J,Li Y H,Zhang R Q,et al.Receiver function estimated by multi-channel deconvolution [J ].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50 (3) : 791～ 796．
[25] Nicholas H,Peter G,Catherine A R,et al.Phase Velocities from seismic noise using beamforming and cross correlation in Costa Rica and Nicaragua[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35,L19303 ,doi: 10． 1029/2008GL035387．
[26] 郝春月,边银菊.地震台阵、台阵地震学在中国的现状与发展[J].国际地震动态,2007,S345(9) :36～42． Hao C Y,Bian Y J.The Status and Development of Seismic Array and Array Seismology in China [ J ].Recent Developments in World Seismology.2007,S345 (9) : 36～42．
[27] 李平,许厚泽,朱介寿,等.地震面波频散的层析成像[J].东北地震研究,1998,14(3) :39～49． Li P,Xu H Z,Zhu J S,et al.Tomography of Rayleigh Wave Dispersion [J].Seismological Research of Northeast China.1998,14(3) :39～49．
[28] 陈颙,朱日祥.设立“地下明灯研究计划”的建议[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(5) :485～489． Chen Y,Zhu R X.Proposed Project of “Umderground Bright Lump” [J].Advances in Earth Science,2005,20 (5) : 485 ～489．
[29] 李世愚,和雪松,张天中,等.地震学在减轻矿山地质灾害中的应用进展[J].国际地震动态,2006,328:1～9． Li S Y,He X S,Zhang T Z,et al.Recent Developments of Mining Seismology for Mining Hazards [ J ].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2006,328 : 1 ～9．
[30] 张碧星,鲁来玉.用频率-波数法分析瑞利波频散曲线.工程地球物理学报,2005,2(4) :245～255． Zhang B X,Lu L Y.Investigation on the Dispersion Curves of Rayleigh Wave By Frequency-Wavenumber Analysis Method [J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysic,2005,2 (4) :245～255．
[31] Steck L K,Phillips W S,Mackey K,et al.Seismic tomography of crustal P and S across Eurasia[J].Geophys J Int,2009,177:17781～92．
[32] Laura A B,Peter G,David P K.Multichannel array diagnosis using noise cross-correlation[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am,2008,124 (4) : 203～209．
[33] Sebastian R,Christine T.ArraySeismlolgy: Methods and Applications[J].Geophysics,2002,40(3) : 1～26．
[34] Van W K,Levshin A L.Surface wave dispersion from small vertical scatterers [ J ].GeoPhysical Research Letters,2004,31,L20602,doi:10． 1029/2004GL021007．
[35] Shuo M,German A P,Gregory C B.Testing community velocity models for southern california using the ambient seismic field [J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2008,98(6) : 2694～2714．
[36] Kulesh M,Diallo M S,Holschneider M,at el.Polarization analysis in the wavelet domain based on the adaptive covariance method[J].Geophys J Int,2007,68,doi: 10． 1111 / j.1365-246X.2007． 03417． x.
[37] Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Barmin M P,at el.Processing seismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-band surface wave dispersion measurements [J].Geophys J Int,2007,169 :1239～1260．
[38] Roel S,Slexandre G,Huub D.Coda Wave Interferometry for estimating nonlinear behavior in seismic velocity[J].Science,2002,295(22) :2253～2255．
[39] Mehta K,Snieder R,Graizer V.Extraction of near-surface properties for a lossy layered medium using the propagator matrix[J].Geophys.J.Int,2007,169,doi: 10． 1111/j.1365-246X.2006． 03303． x.
[2] Shapiro N M, Campillo M. Emergence of broadband Rayleigh waves from correlations of the ambient seismic noise [J]. Geophysical Research Letters. 2004,31, L07614, doi: 10． 1029/2004GL019491．
[3] Kees W,Deyan D,Johan R. Introduction to the supplement on seismic interferometry[J ]. Geophysics, 2006,71 (4) : 1 ～ 4．
[4] Florent B,Nikolai M S,Michel C,Slexandre N, Valerie F. 3-D surface wave tomography of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano using seismic noise correlations [J ]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2007,34, L02305, doi: 10． 1029/2006GL028585．
[5] Pierre G,Philippe R, Michel C, et al. Convergence of the two-point correlation function toward the Green's function in the context of a seismic prospecting data set[J]. Geophysics, 2008,73(6) :47～53．
[6] 房立华,吴建平,吕作勇.华北地区基于噪声的瑞利面波群速度层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3) :663～671． Fang L H, Wu J P, Lu Z Y. Rayleigh wave group velocity tomography from ambient seismic noise in North China[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2009,52(3) :663～671．
[7] 齐诚,赵大鹏,陈顒,等.首都圈地区地壳P波和S波三维速度结构及其与大地震的关系[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3) :805 ～815． QiC, Zhao D P, Chen Y, et al. 3-D P and S wave velocity structures and their relationship to strong earthquakes in the Chinese capital region[J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),2006,49(3) :805～815．
[8] Wang B S,Zhu P,Chen Y,et al.Continuous subsurface velocity measurement with coda wave interferometry [ J ].Journal of Geophysical Research 2007,113,B12312,doi: 10． 1029/2007JB005023．
[9] 刘启元,李昱,陈九辉,等.汶川Ms8． 0地震:地壳上地幔S波速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2) :309～319． Liu Q Y,Li Y,Chen J H,etal.Wenchuan Ms8． 0 earthquake:preliminary study of the S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2) :309～319．
[10] 齐诚,陈棋福,陈颙.利用背景噪声进行地震成像的新方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :771～777． Qi C,Chen Q F,Chen Y.A new method for seismic imaging from ambient seismic noise[J].Progress In Gephysics,2007,22(3) :771～777．
[11] Reol S,Erdal S.Extracting the Building Response Using Seismic Interferometry: Theory and Application to the Millikan Library in Pasadena[J].California.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2005,96(2) :586～598．
[12] Andrew C,Peter G,Haruo S,et al.Seismic interferometryturning noise into signal[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25 (9) : 1082～1092．
[13] Kees W,Joost van der Neut,Elmer R.Passive seismic interferometry by multidimensional deconvolution [ J ].Geophysics,2008,73 (6) :51～56．
[14] Ivan V R.Interferometry by decomvolution,Part 1-Theory for acoustic waves and numerical examples[J].Geophysics,2008,73(3) :115～128．
[15] Ivan V R.Interferometry by decomvolution,Part 2-Theory for elastic waves and application to drill-bit seismic imaging [J].Geophysics,2008,73(3) :129～141．
[16] Kees W.Green ' s function retrieval by cross-correlation in case of one-sided illumination [J ].Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33,L19304,doi : 10． 1029/2006GL027747．
[17] Karim G S,Peter G,Philippe R,et al.Extracting time-domain Green's function estimates from ambient seismic noise[J].Geophysical research letters,2005,32,L03310,doi: 10． 1029/ 2004GL021862．
[18] Sergey F,Long J.Time-lapse image registration using the local similarity attribute[J].Geophysics,2009,74 (2) : 7 ～ 11．
[19] Michel C,Anne P.Long Range Correlations in the Diffuse Seismic Coda.Science,2003,299,5606 : 547 ～ 549．
[20] Andrew K,Xun L.Methodology for tomographic imaging ahead of mining using the shearer as a seismic source[J].Geophysics,2009,74 ( 2) ,1 ～ 8．
[21] Langqiu F S,Bernd M,Douglas R S.Measuring velocity dispersion and attenuation in the exploration seismic frequency band[J].Geophysics,2009,72(2) : 113～122．
[22] Nikolai M S,Michel C,Laurent S,Michael H R.High-Resolution Surface-wave tomography from Ambient Seismic Noise[J].Science,2005,307(5715) : 1615～1618．
[23] Philippe R,Karim G S,Pter G,et al.P-waves from crosscorrelation of seismic noise[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32,L19303,doi: 10． 1029/2005GL023803．
[24] 吴庆举,李永华,张瑞青,等.用多道反褶积方法测定台站接收函数[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :791～796． Wu Q J,Li Y H,Zhang R Q,et al.Receiver function estimated by multi-channel deconvolution [J ].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50 (3) : 791～ 796．
[25] Nicholas H,Peter G,Catherine A R,et al.Phase Velocities from seismic noise using beamforming and cross correlation in Costa Rica and Nicaragua[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35,L19303 ,doi: 10． 1029/2008GL035387．
[26] 郝春月,边银菊.地震台阵、台阵地震学在中国的现状与发展[J].国际地震动态,2007,S345(9) :36～42． Hao C Y,Bian Y J.The Status and Development of Seismic Array and Array Seismology in China [ J ].Recent Developments in World Seismology.2007,S345 (9) : 36～42．
[27] 李平,许厚泽,朱介寿,等.地震面波频散的层析成像[J].东北地震研究,1998,14(3) :39～49． Li P,Xu H Z,Zhu J S,et al.Tomography of Rayleigh Wave Dispersion [J].Seismological Research of Northeast China.1998,14(3) :39～49．
[28] 陈颙,朱日祥.设立“地下明灯研究计划”的建议[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(5) :485～489． Chen Y,Zhu R X.Proposed Project of “Umderground Bright Lump” [J].Advances in Earth Science,2005,20 (5) : 485 ～489．
[29] 李世愚,和雪松,张天中,等.地震学在减轻矿山地质灾害中的应用进展[J].国际地震动态,2006,328:1～9． Li S Y,He X S,Zhang T Z,et al.Recent Developments of Mining Seismology for Mining Hazards [ J ].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2006,328 : 1 ～9．
[30] 张碧星,鲁来玉.用频率-波数法分析瑞利波频散曲线.工程地球物理学报,2005,2(4) :245～255． Zhang B X,Lu L Y.Investigation on the Dispersion Curves of Rayleigh Wave By Frequency-Wavenumber Analysis Method [J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysic,2005,2 (4) :245～255．
[31] Steck L K,Phillips W S,Mackey K,et al.Seismic tomography of crustal P and S across Eurasia[J].Geophys J Int,2009,177:17781～92．
[32] Laura A B,Peter G,David P K.Multichannel array diagnosis using noise cross-correlation[J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am,2008,124 (4) : 203～209．
[33] Sebastian R,Christine T.ArraySeismlolgy: Methods and Applications[J].Geophysics,2002,40(3) : 1～26．
[34] Van W K,Levshin A L.Surface wave dispersion from small vertical scatterers [ J ].GeoPhysical Research Letters,2004,31,L20602,doi:10． 1029/2004GL021007．
[35] Shuo M,German A P,Gregory C B.Testing community velocity models for southern california using the ambient seismic field [J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2008,98(6) : 2694～2714．
[36] Kulesh M,Diallo M S,Holschneider M,at el.Polarization analysis in the wavelet domain based on the adaptive covariance method[J].Geophys J Int,2007,68,doi: 10． 1111 / j.1365-246X.2007． 03417． x.
[37] Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Barmin M P,at el.Processing seismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-band surface wave dispersion measurements [J].Geophys J Int,2007,169 :1239～1260．
[38] Roel S,Slexandre G,Huub D.Coda Wave Interferometry for estimating nonlinear behavior in seismic velocity[J].Science,2002,295(22) :2253～2255．
[39] Mehta K,Snieder R,Graizer V.Extraction of near-surface properties for a lossy layered medium using the propagator matrix[J].Geophys.J.Int,2007,169,doi: 10． 1111/j.1365-246X.2006． 03303． x.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心