塔里木地台北部寒武纪—奥陶纪层序地层及其与扬子地台和华北地台的对比
摘要
以详细的露头层序地层研究为基础, 概述了塔里木地台北部寒武纪-奥陶纪的层序地层系统. 该系统以不同级别的层序为基本单元所构成, 包括35个三级层序, 12个超层序, 4个超层序组和2个巨层序. 同时, 结合地震剖面和钻井资料, 对其中的重要层序界面特征进行了讨论, 并通过生物地层与层序地层相结合的方法, 标定了重要层序界面的年龄. 通过对塔里木地台寒武纪—奥陶纪层序地层与扬子地台和华北地台同期层序地层的对比研究发现, 其间有较好的对应关系. 说明寒武纪—奥陶纪时中国三大地台上碳酸盐岩层序的发育主要受控于大区域和全球性的海平面变化. 这为在我国三大地台区寒武系—奥陶系中开展以层序地层学为基础的高分辨率年代地层体制研究提供了理论支持.
引文
1 Jervey M T. Quantitative geological modeling of siliciclastic rock sequences and their seismic expression. In: Wilgus C K, et al eds. Sea-Level Change: An Integrated Approach. SEPM Special Publication, 1988, (42): 47~69
2 Posamentier H W, Jervey M T, Vail P R. Eustatic controls on clastic deposition I-conceptual framework. In: Wilgus C K, et al eds. Sea-Level Change: An Integrated Approach. SEPM Special Publication, 1988, (42): 109~124
3 Posamentier H W, Vail P R. Eustatic controls on clastic deposition II-sequence and system tract models. In: Wilgus C K, et al eds. Sea-Level Change: An Integrated Approach. SEPM Special Publication, 1988, (42): 125~154
4 Vail P R, Mitchum R M, Thompson III S. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, part 3: Relative changes of sea level from coastal onlap. In: Payton C E, ed. Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Memoir, 1977a, 26: 63~97
5 Vail P R, Todd R G, Sangree J B. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, part 5: Chronostratigraphic significance of seismic reflctions. In: Payton C E, ed. Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Memoir, 1977b, 26: 99~116
6 Vail P R, Hardenbol J, Todd R G. Jurassic unconformities, chronostratigraphy and sea level changes from seismic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy. In: Schlee J S, eds. Inter-Regional Unconformities and Hydrocarbon Accumulation. AAPG Memoir, 1984, 36: 129~144
7 Sarg J F. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy. In: Wilgus C K, et al eds. Sea-Level Change: An Integrated Approach. SEPM Special Publication, 1988, (42): 155~181
8 于炳松. 塔里木盆地北部寒武纪—奥陶纪层序年代地层体制. 现代地质, 1996, 10(1): 93~98
9 于炳松. 塔里木盆地北部古生代层序地层系统. 地质论评, 1996, 42(1): 14~21
10 于炳松. 塔里木盆地北部寒武纪—奥陶纪层序地层格架. 矿物学报, 1996, 16(3): 298~303
11 乐昌12 硕, 于炳松, 田 成, 等. 新疆塔里木盆地北部层序地层及其沉积学研究. 北京: 地质出版社, 1996
12 李兴平, 许国明, 李静琏, 等. 新疆塔里木盆地层序地层格架. 石油实验地质, 1996, 18(2): 134~145
13 张振平, 刘社平. 塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩层序地层学研究. 石油地球物理勘探, 1995, 30(2): 245~256
14 于炳松. 密集段的地球化学标16 志. 矿物学报, 1995, 15(2): 205~209
15 于炳松. 塔里木盆地北部中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩陆棚-盆地的层序地层分析. 矿物岩石, 1995, 15(3): 44~49
16 瞿 辉, 徐怀大, 郭齐军. 塔里木盆地北部奥陶系层序地层研究. 现代地质, 1997, 11(1): 8~13
17 樊太亮, 刘景辉, 韩革华, 等. 新疆塔里木盆地北部应用层序地层学. 北京: 地质出版社, 1997
18 王维纲, 吕炳全. 小尺度的碳酸盐岩层序地层学分析——塔里木盆地桑塔木断垒奥陶系层序地层学研究. 沉积学报, 1997, 15(4): 24~29
19 樊太亮, 刘金辉. 塔里木盆地北部震22 旦系-古生界层序地层特征. 石油与天然气地质, 1997, 18(2): 120~127
20 于炳松. 露头剖面层序中的海平面变化研究. 矿物学报, 1996, 16(2): 141~146
21 杜小弟, 王璞君, 匡立春, 等. 塔里木盆地震25 旦-泥盆纪古海平面变化再造及形成机理分析. 沉积学报, 1997, 15(3): 14~17
22 樊太亮. 塔里木盆地北部古生界密集段分布型式与海平面变化的关系. 地球学报, 1998, 19(3): 308~314
23 于炳松. 碳酸盐岩层序形成的计算机模拟. 沉积学报, 1996, 14(增刊): 38~46
24 曾学鲁, 徐玉麟, 魏真鑫. 新疆塔里木盆地北部层序地层学及其古生物学研究. 北京: 地质出版社, 1996
25 张振生, 刘社平, 王绍玉. 塔里木盆地海相地层层序地层学与非构造圈闭研究. 石油地球物理勘探, 1997, 32(4): 538~555
26 Miall A D. Eustatic sea level changes interpreted from seismic stratigraphy: A critique of the methodology with particular reference to the North Sea Jurassic record. AAPG Bulletin, 1986, 70: 131~137
27 Mitchum R M. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, part 1: Glossary of terms used in seismic stratigraphy. In: Payton C E, eds. Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Memoir, 1977, 26: 205~212
28 Mitchum R M, Vail P R, Thompson III S. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, part 2. In: Payton C E, eds. Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Memoir, 1977, 26: 53~62
29 杨家碌, 徐世球, 肖诗宇, 等. 川黔交境寒武纪层序地层划分. 地球科学, 1995, 20(5): 485~495
30 苏文博, 陈建强, 李志明, 等. 上扬子地台东南部奥陶系层序地层与奥陶系的亚系划分. 地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 1997, 22(4): 377~381
31 李志明, 陈建强, 苏文博, 等. 湘西北奥陶纪层序地层研究. 地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 1997, 22(5): 471~478
32 史晓颖, 陈建强, 梅仕龙. 华北地台东部寒武系层序地层年代格架. 地学前缘, 1997, 4(3~4): 161~173
33 史晓颖, 陈建强, 梅仕龙. 中朝地台奥陶系层序地层序列及其对比, 地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 1999, 24(6): 573~580
34 Yu Bingsong, Yue Changshuo, Tian Cheng, et al. Sequence stratigraphy of Paleozoic in North Tarim basin. Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1999,10(2): 102~109
35 Drummond C N, Wilkinson B H. Carbonate cycle stacking pattens and hierarchies of orbitally forced eustatic sea level change. Jour Sediment Petrol, 1993, 63(3): 369~377
36 Einsel G, Bayer U. Asymmetry in transgressive-regressive cycles in shallow seas and passive continental margin settings. In: Einsel G, et al eds. Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991. 661~681
37 Goldhammer R K, Dunn P A, Hardie L A. High frequency glacio-eustatic sea-level oscillation with Milankovitch characteristics recorded in Middle Triassic platform carbonates in N Italy. Am Jour Science, 1987, 287: 853~892
38 Goldhammer R K, Dunn P A, Hardie L A. Depositional cycles, composite sea level changes, cycle stacking pattens, and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing: examples from Alpine Triassic platform carbonates. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1990, 102: 535~562
39 Goldhammer R K, Lehmann P J, Dunn P A. The origin of high-frequency platform carbonate cycles and third-order sequences (Lower Ordovician El Paso Gp, west Texas): constraints from outcrop data and stratigraphic modelling. Jour Sediment Petrol, 1993, 63(3): 318~359
40 Goodwin P W, Anderson E J. Punctuated aggradational cycles: a general hypothesis of episodic stratigraphic accumulation. Geology, 1985, 93: 515~533
41 Koerschner III W F, Read J F. Field and modelling studies of Cambrian carbonate cycles,Virginia Appalachians. Jour Sedment Petrol, 1989, 59(5): 654~687
42 Osleger D A. Subtidal carbonate cycles:implications forallocyclic versus autocyclic controls. Geology, 1991, 19: 917~920
43 Read J G, Grotzinger J P, Bova J A. Koerschner W J, Models for generation of carbonate cycles. Geology, 1986, 14: 107~110
44 Read J F, Goldhammer R K. Use of fischer plots to define 3rd order sea level curves in peritidal cyclic carbonates, Ordovician, Appalachians. Geology, 1988, 16: 895~912
2 Posamentier H W, Jervey M T, Vail P R. Eustatic controls on clastic deposition I-conceptual framework. In: Wilgus C K, et al eds. Sea-Level Change: An Integrated Approach. SEPM Special Publication, 1988, (42): 109~124
3 Posamentier H W, Vail P R. Eustatic controls on clastic deposition II-sequence and system tract models. In: Wilgus C K, et al eds. Sea-Level Change: An Integrated Approach. SEPM Special Publication, 1988, (42): 125~154
4 Vail P R, Mitchum R M, Thompson III S. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, part 3: Relative changes of sea level from coastal onlap. In: Payton C E, ed. Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Memoir, 1977a, 26: 63~97
5 Vail P R, Todd R G, Sangree J B. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, part 5: Chronostratigraphic significance of seismic reflctions. In: Payton C E, ed. Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Memoir, 1977b, 26: 99~116
6 Vail P R, Hardenbol J, Todd R G. Jurassic unconformities, chronostratigraphy and sea level changes from seismic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy. In: Schlee J S, eds. Inter-Regional Unconformities and Hydrocarbon Accumulation. AAPG Memoir, 1984, 36: 129~144
7 Sarg J F. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy. In: Wilgus C K, et al eds. Sea-Level Change: An Integrated Approach. SEPM Special Publication, 1988, (42): 155~181
8 于炳松. 塔里木盆地北部寒武纪—奥陶纪层序年代地层体制. 现代地质, 1996, 10(1): 93~98
9 于炳松. 塔里木盆地北部古生代层序地层系统. 地质论评, 1996, 42(1): 14~21
10 于炳松. 塔里木盆地北部寒武纪—奥陶纪层序地层格架. 矿物学报, 1996, 16(3): 298~303
11 乐昌12 硕, 于炳松, 田 成, 等. 新疆塔里木盆地北部层序地层及其沉积学研究. 北京: 地质出版社, 1996
12 李兴平, 许国明, 李静琏, 等. 新疆塔里木盆地层序地层格架. 石油实验地质, 1996, 18(2): 134~145
13 张振平, 刘社平. 塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩层序地层学研究. 石油地球物理勘探, 1995, 30(2): 245~256
14 于炳松. 密集段的地球化学标16 志. 矿物学报, 1995, 15(2): 205~209
15 于炳松. 塔里木盆地北部中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩陆棚-盆地的层序地层分析. 矿物岩石, 1995, 15(3): 44~49
16 瞿 辉, 徐怀大, 郭齐军. 塔里木盆地北部奥陶系层序地层研究. 现代地质, 1997, 11(1): 8~13
17 樊太亮, 刘景辉, 韩革华, 等. 新疆塔里木盆地北部应用层序地层学. 北京: 地质出版社, 1997
18 王维纲, 吕炳全. 小尺度的碳酸盐岩层序地层学分析——塔里木盆地桑塔木断垒奥陶系层序地层学研究. 沉积学报, 1997, 15(4): 24~29
19 樊太亮, 刘金辉. 塔里木盆地北部震22 旦系-古生界层序地层特征. 石油与天然气地质, 1997, 18(2): 120~127
20 于炳松. 露头剖面层序中的海平面变化研究. 矿物学报, 1996, 16(2): 141~146
21 杜小弟, 王璞君, 匡立春, 等. 塔里木盆地震25 旦-泥盆纪古海平面变化再造及形成机理分析. 沉积学报, 1997, 15(3): 14~17
22 樊太亮. 塔里木盆地北部古生界密集段分布型式与海平面变化的关系. 地球学报, 1998, 19(3): 308~314
23 于炳松. 碳酸盐岩层序形成的计算机模拟. 沉积学报, 1996, 14(增刊): 38~46
24 曾学鲁, 徐玉麟, 魏真鑫. 新疆塔里木盆地北部层序地层学及其古生物学研究. 北京: 地质出版社, 1996
25 张振生, 刘社平, 王绍玉. 塔里木盆地海相地层层序地层学与非构造圈闭研究. 石油地球物理勘探, 1997, 32(4): 538~555
26 Miall A D. Eustatic sea level changes interpreted from seismic stratigraphy: A critique of the methodology with particular reference to the North Sea Jurassic record. AAPG Bulletin, 1986, 70: 131~137
27 Mitchum R M. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, part 1: Glossary of terms used in seismic stratigraphy. In: Payton C E, eds. Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Memoir, 1977, 26: 205~212
28 Mitchum R M, Vail P R, Thompson III S. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, part 2. In: Payton C E, eds. Seismic Stratigraphy-Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration. AAPG Memoir, 1977, 26: 53~62
29 杨家碌, 徐世球, 肖诗宇, 等. 川黔交境寒武纪层序地层划分. 地球科学, 1995, 20(5): 485~495
30 苏文博, 陈建强, 李志明, 等. 上扬子地台东南部奥陶系层序地层与奥陶系的亚系划分. 地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 1997, 22(4): 377~381
31 李志明, 陈建强, 苏文博, 等. 湘西北奥陶纪层序地层研究. 地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 1997, 22(5): 471~478
32 史晓颖, 陈建强, 梅仕龙. 华北地台东部寒武系层序地层年代格架. 地学前缘, 1997, 4(3~4): 161~173
33 史晓颖, 陈建强, 梅仕龙. 中朝地台奥陶系层序地层序列及其对比, 地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 1999, 24(6): 573~580
34 Yu Bingsong, Yue Changshuo, Tian Cheng, et al. Sequence stratigraphy of Paleozoic in North Tarim basin. Journal of China University of Geosciences, 1999,10(2): 102~109
35 Drummond C N, Wilkinson B H. Carbonate cycle stacking pattens and hierarchies of orbitally forced eustatic sea level change. Jour Sediment Petrol, 1993, 63(3): 369~377
36 Einsel G, Bayer U. Asymmetry in transgressive-regressive cycles in shallow seas and passive continental margin settings. In: Einsel G, et al eds. Cycles and Events in Stratigraphy. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991. 661~681
37 Goldhammer R K, Dunn P A, Hardie L A. High frequency glacio-eustatic sea-level oscillation with Milankovitch characteristics recorded in Middle Triassic platform carbonates in N Italy. Am Jour Science, 1987, 287: 853~892
38 Goldhammer R K, Dunn P A, Hardie L A. Depositional cycles, composite sea level changes, cycle stacking pattens, and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing: examples from Alpine Triassic platform carbonates. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1990, 102: 535~562
39 Goldhammer R K, Lehmann P J, Dunn P A. The origin of high-frequency platform carbonate cycles and third-order sequences (Lower Ordovician El Paso Gp, west Texas): constraints from outcrop data and stratigraphic modelling. Jour Sediment Petrol, 1993, 63(3): 318~359
40 Goodwin P W, Anderson E J. Punctuated aggradational cycles: a general hypothesis of episodic stratigraphic accumulation. Geology, 1985, 93: 515~533
41 Koerschner III W F, Read J F. Field and modelling studies of Cambrian carbonate cycles,Virginia Appalachians. Jour Sedment Petrol, 1989, 59(5): 654~687
42 Osleger D A. Subtidal carbonate cycles:implications forallocyclic versus autocyclic controls. Geology, 1991, 19: 917~920
43 Read J G, Grotzinger J P, Bova J A. Koerschner W J, Models for generation of carbonate cycles. Geology, 1986, 14: 107~110
44 Read J F, Goldhammer R K. Use of fischer plots to define 3rd order sea level curves in peritidal cyclic carbonates, Ordovician, Appalachians. Geology, 1988, 16: 895~912
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