汶川地震中500kV大型变压器震害机制分析
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摘要
大型变压器是变电站中的重要设备之一,在历次地震中遭到严重破坏。汶川地震中,大批变压器受损严重,首先简要介绍了汶川地震中大型变压器的主要震害特征。为分析汶川地震中遭受严重破坏的某500 kV大型变压器的震害机制,建立了梁壳组合的变压器-套管系统有限元模型。在实际纪录3组汶川地震波和其他2组地震波输入下,分析该有限元模型的地震时程响应,比较了变压器-套管系统结构关键部位的地震响应。分析结果表明:大型变压器套管结构高柔,绝缘套管抗弯强度小,且变压器箱体的柔度对套管的动力响应有放大效应,这些是导致大型变压器瓷质套管损坏的主要原因。套管是变压器的地震易损构件,在变压器的抗震设计中须充分考虑套管的地震易损性。
High-power transformers are one of the most important equipment in substations and they are often seriously damaged due to earthquakes.In the violent earthquake occurred on May 12 th,2008 in Wenchuan,China,a lot of power transformers were seriously damaged.Firstly,the main earthquake damage characteristics of high-power transformers in the Wenchuan earthquake are briefly presented.To analyze the seismic failure mechanism of a certain 500kV high-power transformer that suffered serious damage during Wenchuan earthquake,a finite-element model of transformer-bushing system,in which both beam elements and shell elements are combined,is built.Under the input of three sets of ground motions recorded in Wenchuan earthquake and other two sets of ground motions,the analysis on time-history responses during earthquake is performed by the proposed model,and the seismic responses of the key components in the structure of transformer-bushing system during the earthquake are compared.Analysis results show that bushing structure of high-power transformer is flexible and the bending strength of insulation bushing is inferior,moreover the flexibility of the transformer tank can amplify the seismic responses of the bushings.Thus the high center of gravity,larger slenderness and low strength of the porcelain bushings are main reasons leading to seismic failure of high-power transformer.Bushings are vulnerable components of high-power transformers,so in the aseismatic design of high-power transformer the vulnerability of bushings during earthquake should be taken fully into account.
High-power transformers are one of the most important equipment in substations and they are often seriously damaged due to earthquakes.In the violent earthquake occurred on May 12 th,2008 in Wenchuan,China,a lot of power transformers were seriously damaged.Firstly,the main earthquake damage characteristics of high-power transformers in the Wenchuan earthquake are briefly presented.To analyze the seismic failure mechanism of a certain 500kV high-power transformer that suffered serious damage during Wenchuan earthquake,a finite-element model of transformer-bushing system,in which both beam elements and shell elements are combined,is built.Under the input of three sets of ground motions recorded in Wenchuan earthquake and other two sets of ground motions,the analysis on time-history responses during earthquake is performed by the proposed model,and the seismic responses of the key components in the structure of transformer-bushing system during the earthquake are compared.Analysis results show that bushing structure of high-power transformer is flexible and the bending strength of insulation bushing is inferior,moreover the flexibility of the transformer tank can amplify the seismic responses of the bushings.Thus the high center of gravity,larger slenderness and low strength of the porcelain bushings are main reasons leading to seismic failure of high-power transformer.Bushings are vulnerable components of high-power transformers,so in the aseismatic design of high-power transformer the vulnerability of bushings during earthquake should be taken fully into account.
引文
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[8]伍磊,袁越,季侃,等,微型电网及其在防震减灾中的应用[J].电网技术,2008,32(16):36-40.Wu Lei,Yuan Yue,Ji Kan,et al.Microgrid and its application in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(16):36-40(in Chinese).
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[13]東京電力株式会社.新潟県中越沖地震における所内変圧器火災状況および課題解決に向けた取組みについて[EB/OL].[2007-09-25].http://www.nsc.go.jp/senmon/shidai/kasai/kasai001/siryo1-2.Pdf.
[14]李子国,汤国君,景丽英,等.液体-固体相互作用的电力变压器结构的地震响应分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(1):103-108.Li Ziguo,Tang Guojun,Jing Liying,et al.Earthquake response analysis of power transformer structure considering oil-solid interaction[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1998,18(1):103-108(in Chinese).
[15]罗俊雄,刘季宇.基础隔震技术于供电变压器之减震应用[R].中国台湾:地震工程研究中心,2000.
[16]Ersoy S,Saadeghvaziri M A.Seismic response of transformer-bushing systems[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2004,19(1):131-137.
[17]Filiatrault A,Matt H.Seismic response of high voltage electrical transformer–bushing systems[J].ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering,2006,132(2):287-295.
[18]Bellorini S,Bettinali F.Seismic qualification of transformer high voltage bushings[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1998,13(4):1208-1213.
[19]Filiatrault A,Matt H.Experimental seismic response of high-voltage transformer-bushing systems[J].Earthquake Spectra,2005,21(4):1009-1025.
[20]Gilani A S,Whittaker A S.Seismic evaluation of 550kV porcelain transformer bushing[R].Richmond:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center,1999.
[21]李子国,史守峡,于海年.变压器结构的动力反应分析[J].世界地震工程,1996,12(1):48-52.Li Ziguo,Shi Shouxia,Yu Hainian.Dynamic response analysis of power transformer structure[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1996,12(1):48-52(in Chinese).
[22]郭振岩.变压器抗地震性能的研究[J].变压器,2005,42(8):13-31.Guo Zhenyan.Research on performances of transformer against seismic[J].Transformer,2005,42(8):13-31(in Chinese).
[23]IEEE.IEEE Std-693—2005 Recommended practice for seismic design of substations[S].New York:IEEE Press,2006.
[24]中华人民共和国电力工业部.GB 50260—1996电力设施抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1996.
[25]IEC.IEC 61463 Bushings seismic qualification[S].Switzerland:IEC,1996.
[2]谢强.电力系统的地震灾害研究现状与应急响应[J].电力建设,2008,29(8):1-6.Xie Qiang.State-of-the-art of seismic disaster research and emergency response of electric power system[J].Electric Power Construction,2008,29(8):1-6(in Chinese).
[3]于永清,李光范,李鹏,等.四川电网汶川地震电力设施受灾调研分析[J].电网技术,2008,32(11):5-10.Yu Yongqing,Li Guangfan,Li Peng,et al.Investigation and analysis of electric equipment damage in Sichuan power grid caused by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(11):5-10(in Chinese)
[4]杨少勇,赵建国.电力系统地震灾害预防技术综述[J].电网技术,2010,34(8):62-68.Yang Shaoyong,Zhao Jianguo.An overview on prevention technology of earthquake disaster for power grids[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(8):62-68(in Chinese)
[5]程永锋,朱全军,卢智成.变电站电力设施抗震措施研究现状与发展趋势[J].电网技术,2008,32(22):88-93.Cheng Yongfeng,Zhu Quanjun,Lu Zhichheng.Progress and development trend on seismic measures of electric power equipments in transformer substation[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(22):88-93(in Chinese).
[6]曹枚根,周福霖,徐忠根,等.大跨越输电塔线体系减震控制分析研究[J].电网技术,2007,31(14):49-55.Cao Meigen,Zhou Fulin,Xu Zhonggen,et al.Research on seismic control of large crossing transmission towers for transmission lines[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(14):49-55(in Chinese).
[7]韩军科,朱全军,杨风利,等.基底隔震技术在高压电气设备中的应用[J].电网技术,2007,31(S2):78-80.Han Junke,Zhu Quanjun,Yang Fengli,et al.Application of base isolation in high voltage electrical equipment[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(S2):78-80(in Chinese).
[8]伍磊,袁越,季侃,等,微型电网及其在防震减灾中的应用[J].电网技术,2008,32(16):36-40.Wu Lei,Yuan Yue,Ji Kan,et al.Microgrid and its application in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(16):36-40(in Chinese).
[9]ASCE-TCLEE.Northridge earthquake lifeline performance and post-earthquake response[R].New York:American Society of Civil Engineering Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,1997.
[10]日本建築学会.阪神淡路大震災調查報告共通編3:都市防災システム[M].东京:日本丸善株式会社,1998:268-271.
[11]AIJ,JSCE,JGS.Report on the damage investigation of the Kocaeli earthquake in Turkey[M].Tokyo:Maruse Press,2001:194-199.
[12]佐藤浩章,佐藤清隆,当麻纯一,等.2000年鸟取县西部地震における変压器被害の要因の究明[R].东京:日本电力中央研究所,2001.
[13]東京電力株式会社.新潟県中越沖地震における所内変圧器火災状況および課題解決に向けた取組みについて[EB/OL].[2007-09-25].http://www.nsc.go.jp/senmon/shidai/kasai/kasai001/siryo1-2.Pdf.
[14]李子国,汤国君,景丽英,等.液体-固体相互作用的电力变压器结构的地震响应分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(1):103-108.Li Ziguo,Tang Guojun,Jing Liying,et al.Earthquake response analysis of power transformer structure considering oil-solid interaction[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1998,18(1):103-108(in Chinese).
[15]罗俊雄,刘季宇.基础隔震技术于供电变压器之减震应用[R].中国台湾:地震工程研究中心,2000.
[16]Ersoy S,Saadeghvaziri M A.Seismic response of transformer-bushing systems[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2004,19(1):131-137.
[17]Filiatrault A,Matt H.Seismic response of high voltage electrical transformer–bushing systems[J].ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering,2006,132(2):287-295.
[18]Bellorini S,Bettinali F.Seismic qualification of transformer high voltage bushings[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1998,13(4):1208-1213.
[19]Filiatrault A,Matt H.Experimental seismic response of high-voltage transformer-bushing systems[J].Earthquake Spectra,2005,21(4):1009-1025.
[20]Gilani A S,Whittaker A S.Seismic evaluation of 550kV porcelain transformer bushing[R].Richmond:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center,1999.
[21]李子国,史守峡,于海年.变压器结构的动力反应分析[J].世界地震工程,1996,12(1):48-52.Li Ziguo,Shi Shouxia,Yu Hainian.Dynamic response analysis of power transformer structure[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1996,12(1):48-52(in Chinese).
[22]郭振岩.变压器抗地震性能的研究[J].变压器,2005,42(8):13-31.Guo Zhenyan.Research on performances of transformer against seismic[J].Transformer,2005,42(8):13-31(in Chinese).
[23]IEEE.IEEE Std-693—2005 Recommended practice for seismic design of substations[S].New York:IEEE Press,2006.
[24]中华人民共和国电力工业部.GB 50260—1996电力设施抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1996.
[25]IEC.IEC 61463 Bushings seismic qualification[S].Switzerland:IEC,1996.
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