寒区工程与冻融力学
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摘要
从环境与生态、减灾防灾与中国 2 1世纪寒区建设实际和全球气候变化等方面进行论述 ,指出 :寒区工程学研究对象广泛 ,涉及低温环境 (0℃以下 )和冻融变化对工程建设影响的问题都属于它的研究范围 ;多年冻土向季节性冻土转化 ,冻融变化的交替作用将引发泥石流、滑塌、滑坡、冰锥等一系列灾害 ,给寒区工程和生态系统造成破坏 ;另外 ,由于人类工程活动对环境的反作用 ,也不同程度地加剧了滑塌、滑坡、地震、泥石流等灾害的发生 ;中国西部和寒冷地区蕴藏着丰富的自然资源 ,如何加快西部大开发和寒区经济建设 ,并在开发和建设中减灾防灾、改善和保护环境 ,是一个重要问题。同时 ,进一步提出作为地学、物理学与力学的交叉学科———冻融力学的概念、研究对象、研究方法和研究任务 ,指出 :冻融力学研究正温—负温环境交替变化对材料的物理、力学性质的影响 ,研究冻融灾害的规律及其预防措施 ,是一门具有很强寒区工程背景的应用学科 ;冻融力学以包括冻土 (负温或零温度状态含有冰的各种土 ,而负温下的干土称为寒土 )在内的冰水介质 (含冰含水的介质 )为研究对象。从研究对象和研究范围来看 ,冻土力学只是冻融力学的一部分 ;从研究内容来看 ,冻融力学比冻土力学要丰富得多。文末给出若干有益建议和设想。
The problems in environment and ecosystem, in prevention and decreasing disasters,in global weather changing as well as in cold region construction in China in 21 century are discussed in this paper. It is pointed out that engineering science of cold region has a wide range of research content,concerning the effects on construction of engineering in cold region by low temperature environment and frozen\|thawy change.The forever frozen soil turning to be seasonal frozen soil will trigger mud\|rock flow, subsiding, landslide and drumlin, and probably destroy the cold region ecosystem and construction of engineering. In addition, the reaction to environment of human activity of engineering may aggravate those disasters in different degrees. In Western China and cold region, there is abundant natural resource. How to quicken Western China's development and cold region economic construction, how to prevent and decrease disasters in the course of the development and construction, and how to put environmental protection in practice are the important problems. Then, the concept of mechanics of frozen\|thawy media (MFTM) and its object, method and tasks of study are put forward as a cross\|subject with geoscience, physics and mechanics. MFTM studying how the alternation of positive and negative temperature affects characters of physics and mechanics of materials,and what are the laws of disasters brought from frozen\|thawy change and measures of prevention disasters, is an applied science with a deep engineering background of cold region. Its object of study is ice water media (including frozen soil)—media with ice and water. Frozen soil means various soils containing ice or water in negative temperature or zero temperature,and dry soil in negative temperature is called cold soil.So mechanics of frozen soil is only a part of MFTM, and the latter has more abundant research content. Finally, some suggestions are made out.
The problems in environment and ecosystem, in prevention and decreasing disasters,in global weather changing as well as in cold region construction in China in 21 century are discussed in this paper. It is pointed out that engineering science of cold region has a wide range of research content,concerning the effects on construction of engineering in cold region by low temperature environment and frozen\|thawy change.The forever frozen soil turning to be seasonal frozen soil will trigger mud\|rock flow, subsiding, landslide and drumlin, and probably destroy the cold region ecosystem and construction of engineering. In addition, the reaction to environment of human activity of engineering may aggravate those disasters in different degrees. In Western China and cold region, there is abundant natural resource. How to quicken Western China's development and cold region economic construction, how to prevent and decrease disasters in the course of the development and construction, and how to put environmental protection in practice are the important problems. Then, the concept of mechanics of frozen\|thawy media (MFTM) and its object, method and tasks of study are put forward as a cross\|subject with geoscience, physics and mechanics. MFTM studying how the alternation of positive and negative temperature affects characters of physics and mechanics of materials,and what are the laws of disasters brought from frozen\|thawy change and measures of prevention disasters, is an applied science with a deep engineering background of cold region. Its object of study is ice water media (including frozen soil)—media with ice and water. Frozen soil means various soils containing ice or water in negative temperature or zero temperature,and dry soil in negative temperature is called cold soil.So mechanics of frozen soil is only a part of MFTM, and the latter has more abundant research content. Finally, some suggestions are made out.
引文
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[7] 费里德曼ГМ .冻土温度状况计算方法 [M ].北京 :科学出版社 ,1982 .
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