阿尔金断裂带地壳和上地幔结构的P波层析成像
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摘要
阿尔金断裂是青藏高原西北边缘最主要的断裂．天然地震P波层析成像结果揭示了阿尔金断裂（严格地说这里指阿尔金断裂中部，下同）为一条宽约40km左右的低速带，并以比较直立的产状向下延伸至150km左右深度．结果同时显示塔里木岩石圈曾经挤入到柴达木盆地下面，并受到后来发育起来的阿尔金断裂的切割．本次研究结果支持青藏高原中北部上地幔热物质参与了支撑高原高海拔地形的重力均衡作用的假设。
The Altyn fault is the major fault on the north-westrn border of theQinghai-Xizang Plateau. The results given by a teleseismic p-wave tomography stUdyreveal the Altyn fault a 40kin wide low velocity stripe which extends quite verticallydown to a depth of about 150tri. The results also show that the Altyn fault cutsthrough a Tarim-like lithosphere which already plunged down to the Qaidam basin,which may imply that the Tarim lithosphere once subducted beneath the Qaidambefore Altyn fault came intO existonce. The tesults suggest that the hot uPPer mantlematorial may have involved in maintaining the high surface elevation besides thesimple gravity compensation in the central-northern Qinghai-Xizang plateau.
The Altyn fault is the major fault on the north-westrn border of theQinghai-Xizang Plateau. The results given by a teleseismic p-wave tomography stUdyreveal the Altyn fault a 40kin wide low velocity stripe which extends quite verticallydown to a depth of about 150tri. The results also show that the Altyn fault cutsthrough a Tarim-like lithosphere which already plunged down to the Qaidam basin,which may imply that the Tarim lithosphere once subducted beneath the Qaidambefore Altyn fault came intO existonce. The tesults suggest that the hot uPPer mantlematorial may have involved in maintaining the high surface elevation besides thesimple gravity compensation in the central-northern Qinghai-Xizang plateau.
引文
1 Zeng Rong-sheng, Zhu Jie-Shou, Zhou Bing, et al. 3-D velocity siructure of the Tibetan Plateau and its eastern neighbor areas with implicaation to the model of collision between continents. Acta Selsmol. Sinica 1993,6(2)251-260
2 Molnar P, Burchfiel B C, Liang K, Zhao z. Deomotphic evidence for achve faulhng in the Altyn Taph and northern tibet and qualitative estimates of its contnbution to the convefgence of Intua and Eurasia. Geology,1987,15:249-253
3 Molnar P. The geological evoluhon of the Tibebo Plateau. American Scientistg 1989, 77:350-360
4 Matte Ph Tapponnieer Prnaud N, et al. Tectonics of western Tibet between the Tarim and the Indus Inrth Planet. Sci Ltt., 1996, 142:311-330
5 Tapponnier P, Meyer B, Avouacc J P,et al. Achve thrushflg and foldillg in the cylian Shan and decowting between upper crust and manhe in northeastern Tibet. perth Planet dei. Lett, 1990, 97:382-403
6 Aki K Christoffersson A, Husebye E S. Detemunation of the three-dimensional seisndc structure of the lithosphcre. J. Geophy Res, 1997, 82(2):277-296
7 Evans J R, Achauer U. Teleseisndc velocity tomogfaphy using the ACH method: theory and application to continental -scale studies,In: Iyer H M Hirahara K ed. Seimc Tomogfaphy: Theory and Practice , 1993,309-360
8 胡军.阿尔金断裂及其区域意义内陆地震,1987,1(1):1-9 HU Jun. Altyn fault and its tectonic significance.Inland Earthquahe(in Chinese), 1987, 1(1): 1-9
9 肖序常,李廷栋,李光岑等.喜马拉雅岩石圈构造演化总论.地质专报,北京:地质出版社,1988 XIAO Xu-Chang, LI Ting-Dong, LI Guang-Cen et al. On the tectonic evolution of fumalnya lithosphere. Gelolgical Reports(in Chimse),Beijing:Gelolgical Publishing House,1988
10 崔军文,邓晋福,唐哲民等.阿尔金断裂系.见:地质矿产部地质研究所课题报告,1996 CUI Jun-Wen ,DENG Jin-Fu TANG Zhe-Min, et al. Altyn fault system,In:Project reports of Institute of Geology,(AGS)(in Chinese ),1996
11 李春昱,王荃,刘雪亚,等.亚洲大地构造日(说明书).北京:地图出版社,1982LI Chun-Yu, WANG Quan , LIU Xue-Ya et al.Map of Asian Tectonics(With specifications)(in Chinese) Beijing:Map Publishing House, 1982
12 高锐,成湘舟,丁谦.格尔木一额济纳旗地学断面地球动力学模型初探.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊11):3-14 GAo Rin,OHENG Xiang-Zhou, DING Qian. Priliminary Geldynamic model of Golmud-Eqin B geoscience transect Chihese J Geophys(in Chinese), 1995, 38:snd.(Ⅱ):3-14
13 Bourjor L, Romanowicz B. Crust and upper mantle tomography in Tibet using surface wavaes, Geophy .Res.Intt.,1992,19(9):881-889
14 Him A. Results of the French researeh in Inmalnya-Tibet-Karakortun in the field of seismology applied to deep structure:present day deep seismological structure and the evolution of Himlaya-Tibet Frencb Earth Sciences in Himalaya Regions, Publihed by Alliance Francaise 1994,81-90
15 Arnaud N O, Vidal Ph, Tapponaier P, et al. The high K2O volcamsm of northwestem Tibet Geochenustry and tectonic iedicahons. Inrth Planet. Sci。Lett, 1992, 111:351-367
16 England P, Houseman G.Extension during continental covergence, with application to the Tibetan Plateau,J.Geophy Res.1989,94(B12): 17561-17579
17 史大年,董英君,姜枚等.西藏定日一青海格尔木上地幔各向异性研究.地质学报,1996,70(4):291-297 SHI Da-Mian, DONG Ying-JUn, JMNG Mei, et al. Shear wave axusotropy of the upper mantle beneath the Tingri of Tibet to Golmud of Qiflghai. Acta Geol Anica(in Chinese), 1996, 70(4):291-297
2 Molnar P, Burchfiel B C, Liang K, Zhao z. Deomotphic evidence for achve faulhng in the Altyn Taph and northern tibet and qualitative estimates of its contnbution to the convefgence of Intua and Eurasia. Geology,1987,15:249-253
3 Molnar P. The geological evoluhon of the Tibebo Plateau. American Scientistg 1989, 77:350-360
4 Matte Ph Tapponnieer Prnaud N, et al. Tectonics of western Tibet between the Tarim and the Indus Inrth Planet. Sci Ltt., 1996, 142:311-330
5 Tapponnier P, Meyer B, Avouacc J P,et al. Achve thrushflg and foldillg in the cylian Shan and decowting between upper crust and manhe in northeastern Tibet. perth Planet dei. Lett, 1990, 97:382-403
6 Aki K Christoffersson A, Husebye E S. Detemunation of the three-dimensional seisndc structure of the lithosphcre. J. Geophy Res, 1997, 82(2):277-296
7 Evans J R, Achauer U. Teleseisndc velocity tomogfaphy using the ACH method: theory and application to continental -scale studies,In: Iyer H M Hirahara K ed. Seimc Tomogfaphy: Theory and Practice , 1993,309-360
8 胡军.阿尔金断裂及其区域意义内陆地震,1987,1(1):1-9 HU Jun. Altyn fault and its tectonic significance.Inland Earthquahe(in Chinese), 1987, 1(1): 1-9
9 肖序常,李廷栋,李光岑等.喜马拉雅岩石圈构造演化总论.地质专报,北京:地质出版社,1988 XIAO Xu-Chang, LI Ting-Dong, LI Guang-Cen et al. On the tectonic evolution of fumalnya lithosphere. Gelolgical Reports(in Chimse),Beijing:Gelolgical Publishing House,1988
10 崔军文,邓晋福,唐哲民等.阿尔金断裂系.见:地质矿产部地质研究所课题报告,1996 CUI Jun-Wen ,DENG Jin-Fu TANG Zhe-Min, et al. Altyn fault system,In:Project reports of Institute of Geology,(AGS)(in Chinese ),1996
11 李春昱,王荃,刘雪亚,等.亚洲大地构造日(说明书).北京:地图出版社,1982LI Chun-Yu, WANG Quan , LIU Xue-Ya et al.Map of Asian Tectonics(With specifications)(in Chinese) Beijing:Map Publishing House, 1982
12 高锐,成湘舟,丁谦.格尔木一额济纳旗地学断面地球动力学模型初探.地球物理学报,1995,38(增刊11):3-14 GAo Rin,OHENG Xiang-Zhou, DING Qian. Priliminary Geldynamic model of Golmud-Eqin B geoscience transect Chihese J Geophys(in Chinese), 1995, 38:snd.(Ⅱ):3-14
13 Bourjor L, Romanowicz B. Crust and upper mantle tomography in Tibet using surface wavaes, Geophy .Res.Intt.,1992,19(9):881-889
14 Him A. Results of the French researeh in Inmalnya-Tibet-Karakortun in the field of seismology applied to deep structure:present day deep seismological structure and the evolution of Himlaya-Tibet Frencb Earth Sciences in Himalaya Regions, Publihed by Alliance Francaise 1994,81-90
15 Arnaud N O, Vidal Ph, Tapponaier P, et al. The high K2O volcamsm of northwestem Tibet Geochenustry and tectonic iedicahons. Inrth Planet. Sci。Lett, 1992, 111:351-367
16 England P, Houseman G.Extension during continental covergence, with application to the Tibetan Plateau,J.Geophy Res.1989,94(B12): 17561-17579
17 史大年,董英君,姜枚等.西藏定日一青海格尔木上地幔各向异性研究.地质学报,1996,70(4):291-297 SHI Da-Mian, DONG Ying-JUn, JMNG Mei, et al. Shear wave axusotropy of the upper mantle beneath the Tingri of Tibet to Golmud of Qiflghai. Acta Geol Anica(in Chinese), 1996, 70(4):291-297
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