湖泊水下扇沉积特征及影响因素——以伊通盆地莫里青断陷双阳组为例
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摘要
伊通盆地莫里青断陷始新统双阳组发育典型的湖泊水下扇体。根据岩心、测井和地震资料 ,并结合粒度分析等方法 ,将其划分为内扇、中扇和外扇亚相及某干微相。影响水下扇形成和分布的主要因素是 :同生断裂的活动造就了陡坡地形 ,其幕式活动成为水下扇形成的触发机制 ;阵发型水下扇主要发育在陡坡带 ,稳定型水下扇主要发育在扇三角洲的前端 ,气候因素也为稳定型水下扇形成创造了物源条件 ;基准面升降影响着水下扇的相序特征 ,低水位体系域和水退体系域易形成推进型水下扇 ,水进体系域易形成退缩型水下扇 ;半深湖 -深湖的滞水条件是水下扇得以保存的前提。统计结果表明本区获工业油气流的井主要集中在中扇 ,其中辫状水道微相最为富集。
It is typically developed lacus subaqueous fan of Shuangyang Formation in Moliqing fault subsidence of Yitong Basin in Eocene. According to core, well-logging and seismic data, associated with grading analysis and other methods, lacus subaqueous fan is divided into inner fan, middle fan and out fan. From bottom to top a integrated prograding lacus subaqueous fan is consisted of out fan, middle fan and inner fan subfacies in vertical , and it has the features that show thicker, coarser towards up. Inner fan can be further separated into channel, channel levee and slump deposits, middle fan is classified into braided channel, braided interchannel and suppafan lobes, and out fan is consisted of classic turbidites and lacustrine mudstone. Subaqueous fan is mainly formed at the side of steep slope controlled by contemporary fault, and some formed at the front of fan-delta. Primary factors which influence the distribution and emergence of subaqueous fan is that movements of contemporary fault bring steep landform, episode movements of which make up of the burst mechanics of subaqueous gravity flow forming. Subaqueous fan of steep slope mainly occurs at the zone of steep slope, stable subaqueous fan mostly emerges at the front of fan-delta, meanwhile climate is a favorable factor for stable subquous fan. Base-level affects the features of facies orders. It is easily formed prograding subaqueous fan in lowstand systems tracts and regressive systems tracts, there develop regressive subaqueous fan in the transgressive systems tracts as well. The precondition that preserves subaqueous fan is the backwater environment of deeper or deep lacus. The results of statistics show that all that bear industrial petroleum and gas mostly concentrated in the middle fan, and of which is much rich in the braided channel.
It is typically developed lacus subaqueous fan of Shuangyang Formation in Moliqing fault subsidence of Yitong Basin in Eocene. According to core, well-logging and seismic data, associated with grading analysis and other methods, lacus subaqueous fan is divided into inner fan, middle fan and out fan. From bottom to top a integrated prograding lacus subaqueous fan is consisted of out fan, middle fan and inner fan subfacies in vertical , and it has the features that show thicker, coarser towards up. Inner fan can be further separated into channel, channel levee and slump deposits, middle fan is classified into braided channel, braided interchannel and suppafan lobes, and out fan is consisted of classic turbidites and lacustrine mudstone. Subaqueous fan is mainly formed at the side of steep slope controlled by contemporary fault, and some formed at the front of fan-delta. Primary factors which influence the distribution and emergence of subaqueous fan is that movements of contemporary fault bring steep landform, episode movements of which make up of the burst mechanics of subaqueous gravity flow forming. Subaqueous fan of steep slope mainly occurs at the zone of steep slope, stable subaqueous fan mostly emerges at the front of fan-delta, meanwhile climate is a favorable factor for stable subquous fan. Base-level affects the features of facies orders. It is easily formed prograding subaqueous fan in lowstand systems tracts and regressive systems tracts, there develop regressive subaqueous fan in the transgressive systems tracts as well. The precondition that preserves subaqueous fan is the backwater environment of deeper or deep lacus. The results of statistics show that all that bear industrial petroleum and gas mostly concentrated in the middle fan, and of which is much rich in the braided channel.
引文
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2 SullwoldH H,Jr.Tarzana fan-deep submarine fan of lateMioceneage,L osAngelesCounty,California[J].AAPG Bull,1960,44:433～457
3 JackaA D,etal.Permian deep-sea fans of theDelaware moun-tain group(Guadalupian),Delaware basin[J].SocEconPaleontolMineralPermian,BasinSectionPubl,1968,68～11:49～90
4 WalkerR G.Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient submarinefans:Models for exploration for stratigraphic traps[J].AAPGBull,1978,62:932～966
5 BaumaA H,NormarkW R,BarnesN E.Submarine fans and re-lated turbidite systems[M].NewYork:Springer-Verlag,1985.351
6 ShanmugamG,MoiolaR G.Submarine fans:characteristics,models,classification,and reservoir potential[J].EarthSciencesReview,1988,24:383～428\=
7 刘招君,王东坡,何起祥.攀西地区上三叠统湖泊浊积岩沉积特征及其地质意义[A].见:张云湘主编.中国攀西裂谷文集[C].北京:地质出版社,1985.298～306[LiuZhaojun,WangDongpo,HeQixiang.SedimentaryCharacterandGeologicalSignificance ofUpperTriassicLakeFaciesTur-bidite inPanxiArea[A].In:ZhangYunxiang,ed.Contribution toPanxiRiftChina[C].Beijing:GeologicalPublishingHouse,1985.198～306]
8 吴崇筠,李纯菊,等.断陷盆地中的浊积岩[A].见:中国石油学会石油地质委员会主编.碎屑岩沉积相研究[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1988.1～17[WuChongyun,LiChunju,etal.Turbidite infaulted subdidence-lake basin[A].In:PetroleumGeologyInstituteofChinesePetroleumSociety,ed.Study ofClasticSedimentaryFacies[C].Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress,1988.1～17]
9 丘东洲,何治亮.陆盆扇体沉积的形成机制及其油气意义[A].见:中国石油学会石油地质委员会主编.碎屑岩沉积相研究[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1988.148～154[QiuDongzhou,HeZhiliang.Oil andGasReservoirinContinentalBasin[A].In:PetroleumGe-ologyInstitute ofChinesePetroleumSociety,ed.Study ofClasticSedimentaryFacies[C].Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress,1988.148～154]
10 AllenP A andAllenJR.Basin analysis:principles and applica-tions:BlackwellScientificPublications[C].Oxford,L ondon.1990
11 PosamentierH W andVailP R.Eustatic controls on clastic depo-sition-Sequence and systems tractmodels[A].In:WilgusC K,etal,eds.Sea-level changes:an inlegrated approach[C].SEPMSpecialPublication,1988,42:125～154
12 刘招君,董清水,王嗣敏等.陆相层序地层学导论与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002[LiuZhaojun,DongQingshui,WangSiming,etal.Introduction toContinentalSequenceStratigraphy&Application[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress,2002]
13 VanWagonerJ C,et al.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy,inwell logs,cores and outcrops:concepts forHigh-ResolutionCor-relation ofTime andFacies[M].Published by theAmericanAsso-ciation ofPetroleumGeologists.Oklahoma,USA,1990
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